Program Cost and Schedule Integrated with Systems Engineering Models Charlie Stirk CostVision Harold...
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![Page 1: Program Cost and Schedule Integrated with Systems Engineering Models Charlie Stirk CostVision Harold P. Frisch NASA GSFC emeritus David PriceEurostep NASA.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062714/56649d6c5503460f94a4b3b3/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Program Cost and Schedule Integrated with Systems
Engineering Models
Charlie Stirk CostVision
Harold P. Frisch NASA GSFC emeritus
David Price Eurostep
NASA ESA Product Data Exchange Workshop, April 29-May 1, 2009
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Problem Statements
• How to exchange integrated cost, schedule, and systems engineering information?
• How to predict cost and schedule based on systems engineering artifacts? – Architecture – structures and interfaces– Requirements – properties and constraints– Behavior – states and functions
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Elements of a Solution• Model that represents cost, schedule, engineering
entities, their relationships, and model management – STEP AP233 Systems Engineering
• Mapping other formats with AP233– Reference Data Libraries for DoDAF, SysML, Earned Value
Management, …
• Creating neutral format for contracts– Data EXchange specification (DEX)
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What Does AP233 Enable?• Program management
– Issue• Activities• Approvals
– Risk• Probability &
Consequence• Source & Impact• Contingency plans
– Project• Organizational structure• Project breakdown• Schedule• Work structure• Management information
resources
• System modeling– Decision support
• Requirements management
• Measures of effectiveness
• Analysis interface• Verification & Analysis• Justification
– System structure• Product data
management• Breakdown• Interface
– System behavior• Function based
behavior• State based behavior
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DocumentSlot
Task
Activity_method
Activity
method_used
Work_order
directive
Product _individual_version
Product
required_ product
operates_on
of_ product
State
Context
Part FunctionalBreakdown
Requirement SystemBreakdown
actual_state
expected_state
start_state
end_state
view_of
in_context
Work_requestin_response_to observation_consequence
Observation
observed_state
observed_ product
Interface
Planned_ Product Realized_ Product
Product_individual
Date_time
Contract
Project handles
specifies
hasstructure
structure
Locationstorage
start
finish
utilizes
Scheme
schedule
utilizes
Product _relation
related
relating
Version_relation
related
relating
View_relation
related
relating
Product _view_definitionProduct _version
239 Express-G
• STEP AP239 Product Life Cycle Support (PLCS) and 233 share over 70% of their core modules
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Mapping with Reference Data
• Entities/relationships 233/239 are general– E.g. Product, Activity, Product_relation– Most things are subtypes of Product
• Requirement, Part, Interface, …
• Other subtyping is by classification assignment– Specialization of entities/relationships/attributes– External classes of reference data– E.g. INCOSE subtypes for requirement_version
• Functional, Performance, Reference, Validation, …
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OASIS DEX Architecture
• Reference data in Web Ontology Language (OWL) tailors to domain• Templates are assembled into Data EXchange Specification (DEX)
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Extension by Subtyping
ISO Information Model OASIS Taxonomy
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ISO Information Model OASIS Taxonomy
XML exchangedocument
Classification says “Activity x” is classified as a “Repair”
XML Schema
Is generated from
Is validated against
Solid box is an instanceof Activity named “Activity x”
Empty box is an instanceof Classification
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Linked TaxonomyLibraries
XML exchangedocument
translateto AP233
translatefrom AP233
classificationSystem EngineeringTool Vendor A
System EngineeringTool Vendor B
Exchange Scenario
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Reference Data Issues
• Need expert knowledge of STEP information models to properly subtype with reference data
• Many potential sources of reference data from different domains (need domain experts involved)
• Basic set theory used to classify reference data
• Potential for other uses of OWL e.g. semantic reasoning
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DoDAF• DoDAF - Department of Defense Architecture Framework
– Views of systems engineering data
• CADM - Core Architecture Data Model– Standardized database schema for DoDAF
• DARS – DoD Architecture Repository System• Stores DoDAF artifacts for program analysis
• UPDM – Unified (formerly UML) Profile for DoDAF and MoDAF• Support for SysML and UML
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Operational
Systems
Technical
Operational Concept Description (OV-1)
Node Connectivity Description (OV-2)
X YXZ
XY
Y
Systems InterfaceDescription (SV-1)
Operational Activity Model (OV-5)
Information Exchange Matrix (OV-3)
Activity to System Function (SV-5)
System Functionality Description (SV-4)
Organizational Relationships Chart (OV-4)
Systems Data Exchange Matrix (SV-6)
Operational Activity Sequence and Timing Description (OV-6 a/b/c)
NODE A
Local Area Net
System 1 System 2
System 3 System 4
System 5
EXTERNALCONNECTION(OUTSIDE THENODES OF INTEREST)
CONNECTIONTO NODE B
CONNECTIONTO NODE B
CONNECTIONTO NODE C
Two-WayCommunicationsLinks
One-WayCommunicationsLink
Systems Communications Description (SV-2)
System - System Matrix (SV-3)
Systems Technology Forecast (SV-9)
Standards Technology Forecast (TV-2)
Technical Architecture Profile (TV-1)
Systems Performance Parameters Matrix (SV-7)
• --------------------------------
• .....• .....• .....
Logical Data Model (OV-7)
Systems Functionality Sequence and Timing Description (SV-10 a/b/c)
Systems Evolution Description (SV-8)
Physical SchemaSV-11
A B C
T1T2T3
NODESTIME
A B C
T1T2T3
NODESTIME
DoDAF Views
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DoDAF Issues
• Undergoing continuous improvement – Next revision to 2.0– Multiple formats (CADM and UPDM)
• Required early on for programs– Not connected with later system engineering
activities– Not updated as programs evolve
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DoDAF and AP233
• There exists a CADM-AP233 OWL representation (www.exff.org)– Used AP233 WD2 version with fixes, CADM 1.02– Need to update to current version of AP233 and
newer versions of CADM (1.5)
• Need to map UPDM with AP233– Current version and future versions
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SysML – Systems Modeling Language
• Graphical language sponsored by INCOSE/OMG
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4 Pillars of SysML – ABS Example
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SysML Issues
• XMI – XML Metadata Interchange– For UML and others expressed in OMG Meta Object Facility
(MOF)– Vendor implementations incompatible– OMG Model Interchange Working Group to improve
interoperability
• SysML currently suited for model presentation, not exchange
• Model configuration and other management is out of scope, and some provided by tool vendors
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SysML and AP233
• SysML to AP233 mapping underway– Both based on INCOSE concept model– Creating reference data for SysML– SysML info a subset/subtype of AP233
• 233 enhances SysML by– Management and representation of
• Risk, Analysis, Configuration, Program/Project …
– Linking to downstream CAD, CAE, CAM, PLCS
• EXPRESS meta-model now in MOF– 233 first test case of bringing STEP AP into OMG MDA
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20
Implementedby Tools
Modeling Methods
SADT
HP
OOSE
Other
Interchange Standards
MOF/XMI
STEP/AP-233
Other
Architecture Frameworks
FEAF
Zachman FW
DoDAF
MoDAF
Modeling & SimulationStandards
UML/SysML
UPDM
Other
HLA
Modeling Simulation
ProcessStandards
EIA 632
CMMI *
ISO 15288
IEEE 1220
Context Diagram for Architecture & Systems Engineering Standards
CADMSTEP/AP-233
DoDAF
UML/SysML
Repository
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Earned Value Management
• Government contract cost and schedule performance reporting
• Standards for EVM Systems– ANSI/EIA-748-A EVMS Guidelines– XML Schema based on ANSI X.12 806 &
839• NDIA Program Management Systems
Committee XML Working Group• Defense Contract Management Agency
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Standard Reports
• Integrated Master Plan (IMP)
• Integrated Master Schedule (IMS)
• Contract Performance Report (CPR)
• Contract Funds Status Report (CFSR)
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Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)
• MIL-HDBK-881 standard 3-level for weapon systems– E.g. Missile System/Air Vehicle/Propulsion– Allows trade-space– Contractor tailors to deeper levels for program– Some contractors standardizing lower WBS levels
• New Operations & Support WBS
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Breakdowns & Cost Accounts
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WBS Integration
• Requirements and specifications by WBS
• IMS uses WBS to code tasks in SOW
• Contracts report task cost by WBS
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EVM Status• EVM Central Repository
– Required for major programs– Used for analysis– PM software vendors support
• Mapping EVM into 233– OWL Reference Data
• Need to map EVM Schema and 233-based Schema– Maintains upward compatibility
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233 Pulls it All Together• STEP AP233 can integrate cost, schedule and
systems engineering• Models can be managed, inter-related, and linked to
specialty engineering domains
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Analysis from Repositories
• Regression of Cost Estimating Relationships (CER) from past programs– Early work shows that the number of DoDAF interfaces
correlated to cost & schedule (and growth)– Need to automate extraction and expand to other metrics and
SysML
• Causal Activity Based Cost Models (ABC, a.k.a. detailed engineering, bottoms-up) – Driven from requirements, system structure, behavior– Linked to IMS
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Summary
• STEP AP233 Systems Engineering can – Input and integrate cost, schedule, and
engineering models– Manage models through changes,
lifecycle, and supply chain– Provide a basis for program baseline,
reporting, and analysis