Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Toksisitas Senyawa Bioaktif dari.pdf
Profil Toksisitas Limbah Kerak Kilang Minyak (Green Coke ... · Farmakologi Fakultas Kedokteran,...
19
Abrams GD. 1992. Gangguan Sirkulasi dalam Price, SA dan LM Wilson. Patofisiolofi Konsep Klinis Proses-Proses Penyakit. Anugerah P, penerjemah; Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC. [Anonim]. 1990. Acute Toxicity Data, J. Amer. College. Toxicol. , Part B, Vol1. (15 Suppl 1, S28, 1996). Carbon Black. J. Occup. Med., 18:732-734. APHA. 1975. Standard Methods for the Examination of Waste. Ed ke-2. American Public Health Assosiation. Washington DC Arrington LR. 1972. Introducing Laboratory Animal: The Breeding, Care and Management of Experimental Animal Science. The Interstae Printers and Publishing, Inc. New York Carlton WW, Mc Gavin MD. 1995. Special Veterinary Pathology. Ed ke-2. Mosby, Year Book. Inc St.Louis. Missouri Churg J, Sobin LH. 1982. Renal Disease: Classification and Atlas of Glomerular Disease. Tokyo: Igaku-Shoin Ltd. Corwin EJ. 2001. Buku Saku Patofisiologi. Pendit BU, Penerjemah. Prakaryaningsih E, editor. Buku Kedokteran EGC. Jakarta. New Mexico. University of Mexico Alburqueque. Terjemahan dari Handbook of Pathophysiology. [EPA] Environmental Protection Agency..1992a. “Method 1311: Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure.” SW-846 test methods for evaluating solid wastes,http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/hazwaste/test/ main.htm [15 Juni 2007] [EPA] Environmental Protection Agency.1992b. “Method 7000A:Atomic absorption method.” http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/hazwaste/test/main.htm . [15 Juni 2007] Ganiswara SG. 1995. Farmakologi dan Terapi. Ed ke-4. Jakarta. Farmakologi Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Indonesia Hartono. 1992. Histologi Veteriner. Ed ke-3. Jakarta: Universitas Indonesia. Hlm 392-444 Hock B, Elstner EF. 2005. Plant Toxicology. Ed ke-4. Mercel Decker. New York Huntingdon Life Sciences.1999. Study No. 97-6119. Calcined coke (F284) & green coke (F-285): fibrogenic screening study in the rat. Report submitted to ARCO 20 October 1999. Inglis JK. 1980. Introduction to Laboratory Animal Science and Technology, Pergamon Press, Oxford
Transcript of Profil Toksisitas Limbah Kerak Kilang Minyak (Green Coke ... · Farmakologi Fakultas Kedokteran,...
Abrams GD. 1992. Gangguan Sirkulasi dalam Price, SA dan LM Wilson. Patofisiolofi Konsep Klinis Proses-Proses Penyakit. Anugerah P, penerjemah; Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC.
[Anonim]. 1990. Acute Toxicity Data, J. Amer. College. Toxicol. , Part B, Vol1.
(15 Suppl 1, S28, 1996). Carbon Black. J. Occup. Med., 18:732-734. APHA. 1975. Standard Methods for the Examination of Waste. Ed ke-2.
American Public Health Assosiation. Washington DC Arrington LR. 1972. Introducing Laboratory Animal: The Breeding, Care and
Management of Experimental Animal Science. The Interstae Printers and Publishing, Inc. New York
Carlton WW, Mc Gavin MD. 1995. Special Veterinary Pathology. Ed ke-2.
Mosby, Year Book. Inc St.Louis. Missouri Churg J, Sobin LH. 1982. Renal Disease: Classification and Atlas of Glomerular
Disease. Tokyo: Igaku-Shoin Ltd. Corwin EJ. 2001. Buku Saku Patofisiologi. Pendit BU, Penerjemah.
Prakaryaningsih E, editor. Buku Kedokteran EGC. Jakarta. New Mexico. University of Mexico Alburqueque. Terjemahan dari Handbook of Pathophysiology.
[EPA] Environmental Protection Agency..1992a. “Method 1311: Toxicity
characteristic leaching procedure.” SW-846 test methods for evaluating solid wastes,http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/hazwaste/test/ main.htm [15 Juni 2007]
[EPA] Environmental Protection Agency.1992b. “Method 7000A:Atomic
absorption method.” http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/hazwaste/test/main.htm. [15 Juni 2007]
Ganiswara SG. 1995. Farmakologi dan Terapi. Ed ke-4. Jakarta. Farmakologi
Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Indonesia Hartono. 1992. Histologi Veteriner. Ed ke-3. Jakarta: Universitas Indonesia. Hlm
392-444 Hock B, Elstner EF. 2005. Plant Toxicology. Ed ke-4. Mercel Decker. New York Huntingdon Life Sciences.1999. Study No. 97-6119. Calcined coke (F284) &
green coke (F-285): fibrogenic screening study in the rat. Report submitted to ARCO 20 October 1999.
Inglis JK. 1980. Introduction to Laboratory Animal Science and Technology,
Pergamon Press, Oxford
International Research & Development Corp.1985. Chronic Inhalation toxicity
Study of Petroleum Coke (Delayed Process) in Rats and Monkeys. API Publication number 32-30234.
Kincaid-Smith P, Whitworth JA. 1987. The Kidney: A Clinico-Pathological
Study. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications. Klaassen CD, Doull J. 1996. The Basic Science of Poison. Ed ke-3. Macmillan
Publ. Co. New York Klonne DR, Burns JM, Halder CA, Holdsworth CE, Ulrich, CE. 1987. Two Year
Inhalation Study of Petroleum Coke in Rats and Monkeys. Am. J. Ind. Med., 11:375-389.
Lee JM., Baker, JJ, Murray D, Lerena, R, Rolle, JG. 1997. “Quality analysis of
petroleum cokes and coals for export specifications required in use of specialty products and utility fuels.”. American Petroleum Institut. Washington, DC. pp227-232.
Lewis JR, editor. 2000. Sax’s Dangerous Propertis of Industrial Material. Ed ke-
10 Willey Interscience Lipscomb J, Lee S .1982. Health Hazard Evaluation Report No. HETA 81-421-
1251, Great Lakes Carbon Corp., Port Arthur, Texas. NIOSH, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Lu FC. 1995. Basic Toxicology: Fundamentals, Target organs and Risk
Assesment. 2nd ed. Hemisphere Publ.Co.New York Moriwaki K, Shiroshi, Yonekawa H. Genetic in Wild Mice. Its Application to
Biomedical Research. Japan Scientific societies Press, Karger, Tokyo Neely WB. 1985. Hydrolysis. In: W. B. Neely and G. E. Blau, eds. Environmental
Exposure from Chemicals. Vol I., pp. 157-173. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, USA.
[OECD] Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development 1999.Draft
Guidance Document on Aquatic Toxicity Testing of Difficult Substances. OECD Environmental Health and Safety Publications.
Peraturan Pemerintah RI No. 18 Tahun 1999 Jo. Peraturan Pemerintah RI No. 85
tentang Pengelolaan Limbah B3. Jakarta Pertamina. 2005. www. pertamina.com Ressang, AA. 1984. Patologi Khusus Veteriner. Ed ke-2. Denpasar: Percetakan
Bali
Smith JB, Mangkoewidjojo S. 1988. Pemeliharaan, Pembiakan dan Penggunaan Hewan Percobaan di Daerah Tropis. UI-Press. Jakarta
Spargo BH, Seymour AE, Ordonez NG. 1980. Renal Biopsy Pathology With
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Spector WG, Spector TD. Pengantar Patologi Umum. Ed ke-3. Soetjipto,
Harsoyo, Hana A. Astuti, penerjemah; UI Pres. 1990. Terjemahan dari: An Introduction to General Pathlogy
US EPA.1999. Determining the Adequacy of Existing Data. OPPT, EPA. Watanabe, Toshiaki, Akira E. 1991. Biotin Deficiency Per Se Is Teratogenic in
Mice. J. Nutr. 121:101-104 William PL , Burson JL. 1995. The Basic Science of Toxicity. Ed ke-3. Macmillan
Publ.Co, New York Wilson LM. 2005. Gangguan Sistem Ginjal. Di dalam: Price SA and Wilson LM.
Patofisiologi Konsep Klinis Proses-Proses Penyakit. Pendit BU, Hartanto H, Wulansari P, Maharani DA, penerjemah. Buku Kedokteran EGC, Jakarta. Terjemahan dari Pathophysiology: Clinical Concepts of Disease Process
Wingate DA, Hepler DI. 1982. “Carcinogenic Potential of Petroleum Coke and
Process Products”. Report to American Petroleum Institute on Project 1402 by Elars Bioresearch Laboratories, Inc., API-#PS-22-EBL (131/840).
57
Lampiran 1. Fluktuasi bobot badan mencit jantan perlakuan green coke 2459 selama uji toksisitas akut Sampel 2459
Dosis (mg/kg BB) No. BOBOT BADAN MENCIT (gram) HARI KE- masa adaptasi 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
0
1 21.34 21.70 22.24 22.79 23.09 23.11 23.96 24.18 24.76 24.91 25.06 25.21 25.64 26.00 26.35 26.91 26.99 27.02 2 20.95 21.67 22.00 22.56 23.03 23.23 23.34 23.68 24.12 24.21 24.22 24.96 24.96 25.01 25.72 25.96 26.49 26.93 3 20.86 21.35 21.94 22.50 23.01 23.10 23.14 23.30 23.86 24.23 24.27 24.80 25.23 25.92 26.60 26.65 26.95 28.53 4 20.87 21.19 21.62 22.02 22.33 22.49 22.91 23.17 23.34 23.81 24.03 24.12 24.42 24.78 25.27 25.32 25.64 25.91
rataan 21.01 21.48 21.95 22.47 22.87 22.98 23.34 23.58 24.02 24.29 24.40 24.77 25.06 25.43 25.99 26.21 26.52 27.10 Perubahan BB Rataan Terhadap BB Hari Terakhir Masa Adaptasi 0.40 0.51 0.87 1.11 1.55 1.82 1.93 2.30 2.59 2.96 3.52 3.74 4.05 4.63
5
1 21.32 21.90 22.46 23.00 23.31 24.02 24.05 24.04 24.28 24.44 24.39 24.34 24.38 24.43 24.77 24.81 25.04 26.27 2 21.74 22.03 22.67 23.17 23.21 23.03 23.02 23.29 23.31 23.83 23.81 23.91 24.37 24.60 24.90 25.12 25.93 27.12 3 20.23 20.93 21.65 22.24 22.79 22.95 23.11 23.41 23.59 23.54 23.81 24.79 24.97 24.52 24.92 25.84 26.78 26.86 4 20.72 20.98 21.53 22.10 22.53 22.65 22.95 22.65 22.98 22.97 23.60 24.58 24.77 24.84 25.81 26.42 26.93 27.63
rataan 21.00 21.46 22.08 22.63 22.96 23.16 23.28 23.35 23.54 23.70 23.90 24.41 24.62 24.60 25.10 25.55 26.17 26.97 Perubahan BB Rataan Terhadap BB Hari Terakhir Masa Adaptasi 0.33 0.53 0.65 0.72 0.91 1.07 1.27 1.78 1.99 1.97 2.47 2.92 3.54 4.34
50
1 22.57 23.14 23.76 24.02 24.36 24.52 24.83 25.66 25.94 26.18 26.43 26.35 27.00 27.14 27.02 27.19 27.47 27.88 2 21.95 22.62 22.94 23.82 24.14 24.56 24.60 25.17 25.84 26.05 26.57 27.32 27.01 27.03 27.77 27.77 28.01 28.19 3 22.87 23.21 23.67 24.09 24.58 24.54 24.56 24.59 25.55 25.71 25.95 26.86 26.99 27.00 27.07 27.14 27.76 28.21 4 21.88 22.16 22.45 22.97 23.10 23.38 23.44 23.77 24.51 24.96 25.11 25.38 26.25 26.54 27.04 27.22 27.65 28.00
rataan 22.32 22.78 23.21 23.73 24.05 24.25 24.36 24.80 25.46 25.73 26.02 26.48 26.81 26.93 27.23 27.33 27.72 28.07 Perubahan BB Rataan Terhadap BB Hari Terakhir Masa Adaptasi 0.32 0.52 0.63 1.07 1.73 2.00 2.29 2.75 3.08 3.20 3.50 3.60 3.99 4.34
300
1 24.12 24.72 25.32 25.77 25.27 25.27 25.26 25.53 26.50 26.29 26.78 27.05 26.99 27.33 27.86 28.06 28.77 28.84 2 24.04 24.23 24.97 25.55 25.17 25.18 26.09 26.35 26.14 26.29 26.55 27.00 27.39 27.85 27.89 28.06 29.07 29.29 3 24.42 24.72 24.86 25.03 25.44 25.43 25.83 25.49 25.51 26.17 26.61 27.16 27.42 28.54 29.39 29.55 29.86 29.89 4 24.16 24.52 24.87 25.67 25.09 25.08 25.89 27.14 27.80 28.48 28.92 29.29 29.98 30.69 30.15 30.68 30.98 30.75
rataan 24.19 24.55 25.01 25.51 25.24 25.24 25.77 26.13 26.49 26.81 27.22 27.63 27.95 28.60 28.82 29.09 29.67 29.69 Perubahan BB Rataan Terhadap BB Hari Terakhir Masa Adaptasi -0.27 -0.27 0.26 0.62 0.98 1.30 1.71 2.12 2.44 3.09 3.31 3.58 4.16 4.18
57
58
Lampiran 1. Lanjutan Sampel 2459
Dosis (mg/kg BB) No. BOBOT BADAN MENCIT (gram) HARI KE- masa adaptasi 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
2000
1 25.08 25.77 26.42 26.60 26.39 26.11 26.17 26.14 26.42 26.95 27.19 27.39 27.86 27.53 27.34 27.57 28.70 29.38 2 25.83 26.21 26.56 26.88 26.02 25.86 26.27 27.45 27.04 27.50 27.83 28.06 28.27 28.78 29.87 30.03 31.35 31.00 3 25.34 25.52 26.12 26.46 26.41 26.46 26.87 26.97 27.16 27.75 28.02 28.97 30.05 30.75 30.97 31.50 32.09 32.66 4 24.92 25.42 25.90 26.34 26.61 26.49 26.12 26.41 26.89 27.18 28.04 28.90 28.82 29.24 29.70 30.00 30.45 30.83
rataan 25.29 25.73 26.25 26.57 26.36 26.23 26.36 26.74 26.88 27.35 27.77 28.33 28.75 29.08 29.47 29.78 30.65 30.97 Perubahan BB Rataan Terhadap BB Hari Terakhir Masa Adaptasi -0.21 -0.34 -0.21 0.17 0.31 0.77 1.20 1.76 2.18 2.51 2.90 3.21 4.08 4.40
5000
1 25.78 26.12 26.87 27.32 27.01 27.00 27.16 27.36 27.39 27.73 28.15 28.65 28.68 28.89 29.98 30.32 30.50 30.72 2 26.86 27.01 27.36 27.82 27.21 27.19 27.20 27.33 27.15 27.42 28.12 28.78 28.81 30.32 30.85 31.54 32.14 32.97 3 25.97 26.33 26.51 26.93 26.12 27.29 27.29 27.40 27.74 27.85 27.37 28.05 29.16 29.31 29.65 29.75 30.43 31.15 4 25.75 26.35 26.83 27.12 26.78 26.16 26.25 26.60 26.98 27.78 29.26 29.79 30.11 31.01 31.22 31.85 31.97 32.02
rataan 26.09 26.45 26.89 27.30 26.78 26.91 26.98 27.17 27.32 27.70 28.23 28.82 29.19 29.88 30.43 30.87 31.26 31.72 Perubahan BB Rataan Terhadap BB Hari Terakhir Masa Adaptasi -0.52 -0.39 -0.32 -0.13 0.02 0.40 0.93 1.52 1.89 2.58 3.13 3.57 3.96 4.42
15000
1 24.48 25.71 25.74 25.94 25.07 24.99 24.94 24.94 24.97 25.16 25.54 25.54 25.72 26.06 27.10 27.70 28.03 28.48 2 25.36 25.06 25.74 25.80 24.97 24.06 24.04 23.99 24.01 24.12 24.90 25.56 25.93 26.22 27.36 27.60 27.82 28.16 3 25.96 26.71 27.01 25.31 24.22 23.91 23.97 24.00 23.92 24.54 25.45 26.21 26.89 26.86 27.07 27.59 28.01 28.33 4 23.85 23.12 24.32 24.93 23.45 23.12 23.12 23.21 23.45 24.00 24.74 25.34 25.63 26.65 27.32 28.01 28.55 28.80
rataan 24.91 25.15 25.70 25.50 24.43 24.02 24.02 24.04 24.09 24.46 25.16 25.66 26.04 26.45 27.21 27.73 28.10 28.44 Perubahan BB Rataan Terhadap BB Hari Terakhir Masa Adaptasi -1.07 -1.48 -1.48 -1.47 -1.41 -1.05 -0.34 0.16 0.54 0.95 1.71 2.23 2.60 2.94
58
58
59
Lampiran 2. Fluktuasi bobot badan mencit jantan perlakuan green coke 2460 selama uji toksisitas akut Sampel 2460
Dosis (mg/kg BB) Ulangan BOBOT BADAN MENCIT (gram) HARI KE- masa adaptasi 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
0
1 18.90 19.22 20.56 21.10 21.22 21.28 21.48 21.84 22.36 22.13 22.26 22.90 23.51 24.05 24.81 25.25 25.88 26.48 2 21.52 22.24 22.67 23.02 23.52 23.41 23.53 23.49 23.37 23.98 24.51 24.90 25.43 26.01 26.08 27.42 27.91 28.13 3 21.64 22.20 22.87 23.15 23.65 24.00 24.18 24.24 24.77 24.74 24.27 24.92 25.33 25.50 26.19 27.08 27.37 27.50 4 20.65 20.78 21.21 21.87 22.13 23.19 24.04 24.22 24.97 25.17 25.64 25.97 25.83 25.70 26.45 26.79 26.14 26.91
rataan 20.68 21.11 21.83 22.29 22.63 22.97 23.31 23.45 23.87 24.01 24.17 24.67 25.03 25.32 25.88 26.64 26.83 27.26 Perubahan BB Rataan Terhadap BB Hari Terakhir Masa Adaptasi 0.34 0.68 1.02 1.16 1.58 1.72 1.88 2.38 2.74 3.03 3.59 4.35 4.54 4.97
5
1 22.06 22.93 23.14 23.89 24.33 23.88 24.22 24.78 25.05 24.88 25.01 24.86 24.96 25.16 25.79 26.48 26.68 26.94 2 21.74 22.16 22.98 23.99 24.16 23.89 24.23 24.90 25.45 25.68 26.12 25.94 26.68 27.60 28.51 28.92 29.34 30.03 3 22.56 23.02 23.64 24.01 24.54 24.74 25.43 24.81 25.50 25.28 26.28 25.68 26.54 27.14 28.41 28.82 29.37 30.06 4 23.12 23.95 24.04 24.52 24.80 25.28 26.15 25.96 26.67 26.36 25.93 26.70 26.92 27.12 27.22 27.22 28.38 29.05
rataan 22.37 23.02 23.45 24.10 24.46 24.45 25.01 25.11 25.67 25.55 25.84 25.80 26.28 26.76 27.48 27.86 28.44 29.02 Perubahan BB Rataan Terhadap BB Hari Terakhir Masa Adaptasi 0.36 0.35 0.91 1.01 1.57 1.45 1.74 1.70 2.18 2.66 3.38 3.76 4.34 4.92
50
1 23.78 24.22 24.75 25.12 25.36 25.48 25.76 25.50 25.89 25.77 26.60 26.70 27.14 27.76 28.13 28.66 29.28 30.28 2 23.32 23.92 24.47 25.00 25.33 25.37 25.83 25.97 25.97 26.00 26.36 26.84 27.37 27.66 28.21 28.63 29.17 30.18 3 22.99 23.83 24.42 24.94 25.11 25.17 25.23 25.10 25.27 25.34 26.22 26.51 27.11 27.90 28.03 28.62 29.26 29.95 4 22.95 23.33 23.76 24.02 24.72 24.54 24.77 24.78 24.69 24.91 25.22 25.76 25.96 26.02 26.77 27.11 27.89 28.14
rataan 23.26 23.83 24.35 24.77 25.13 25.14 25.40 25.34 25.46 25.51 26.10 26.45 26.90 27.34 27.79 28.26 28.90 29.64 Perubahan BB Rataan Terhadap BB Hari Terakhir Masa Adaptasi 0.36 0.37 0.63 0.57 0.68 0.73 1.33 1.68 2.13 2.57 3.02 3.49 4.13 4.87
300
1 24.77 25.17 25.87 26.23 26.09 26.17 26.36 26.94 27.12 27.48 27.89 27.54 27.22 27.59 27.97 27.75 28.57 29.61 2 24.34 25.04 25.82 26.24 26.11 26.15 26.30 26.84 27.22 27.70 27.94 28.04 28.21 28.39 28.28 28.36 28.94 28.57 3 24.92 25.16 25.78 26.21 26.00 25.97 27.29 27.74 27.87 27.28 27.60 27.61 27.92 27.57 27.61 28.16 29.00 29.98 4 23.97 24.65 25.22 25.87 25.48 25.59 26.07 27.12 27.60 27.90 28.15 28.96 28.93 28.84 28.87 29.18 29.56 31.62
rataan 24.50 25.01 25.67 26.14 25.92 25.97 26.51 27.16 27.45 27.59 27.90 28.04 28.07 28.10 28.18 28.36 29.02 29.95 Perubahan BB Rataan Terhadap BB Hari Terakhir Masa Adaptasi -0.22 -0.17 0.36 1.02 1.31 1.45 1.76 1.90 1.93 1.96 2.04 2.22 2.88 3.81
59
60
Lampiran 2. Lanjutan
Sampel 2460
Dosis (mg/kg BB) Ulangan BOBOT BADAN MENCIT (gram) HARI KE- masa adaptasi 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
2000
1 24.87 25.20 25.90 26.21 26.07 26.05 26.53 27.14 27.91 27.67 27.80 28.10 28.65 29.11 29.78 29.64 30.14 30.86 2 25.91 26.48 26.93 27.54 27.19 27.16 27.11 28.42 29.09 30.20 30.83 31.09 31.16 32.02 32.39 32.58 32.69 33.05 3 25.76 26.40 26.82 27.37 27.09 27.23 27.27 28.09 28.32 28.23 28.32 28.43 29.43 30.38 30.80 31.04 31.90 32.53 4 26.47 26.85 27.34 27.82 27.49 27.55 27.94 28.87 29.18 29.85 30.06 30.56 30.68 30.32 31.03 31.53 32.00 32.05
rataan 25.75 26.23 26.75 27.24 26.96 27.00 27.21 28.13 28.63 28.99 29.25 29.55 29.98 30.46 31.00 31.20 31.68 32.12 Perubahan BB Rataan Terhadap BB Hari Terakhir Masa Adaptasi -0.28 -0.24 -0.03 0.89 1.39 1.75 2.01 2.31 2.74 3.22 3.76 3.96 4.44 4.88
5000
1 25.56 25.84 26.23 26.94 26.04 26.11 26.67 27.18 27.74 27.98 28.05 28.85 29.19 29.82 30.28 31.11 31.87 31.78 2 25.67 26.01 27.57 28.13 28.17 28.61 28.31 29.15 29.18 29.73 30.08 30.95 31.11 31.48 31.54 31.74 32.48 33.06 3 25.84 26.18 26.56 27.01 26.92 26.80 26.92 26.88 27.73 27.99 27.80 28.32 29.00 29.48 30.54 30.67 31.02 31.02 4 25.30 25.72 26.21 26.94 26.22 26.00 26.57 27.03 27.58 28.06 28.53 29.15 29.02 29.82 30.44 30.96 31.37 31.94
rataan 25.59 25.94 26.64 27.26 26.84 26.88 27.12 27.56 28.06 28.44 28.62 29.32 29.58 30.15 30.70 31.12 31.69 31.95 Perubahan BB Rataan Terhadap BB Hari Terakhir Masa Adaptasi -0.42 -0.38 -0.14 0.30 0.80 1.18 1.36 2.06 2.32 2.89 3.44 3.86 4.43 4.69
15000
1 23.31 23.71 24.37 24.94 24.04 24.05 24.02 24.04 24.72 25.02 25.43 25.50 25.79 25.22 25.35 25.78 26.46 26.92 2 24.16 24.96 25.23 25.60 25.00 25.06 25.01 25.12 25.13 25.54 26.28 26.94 27.07 27.24 27.85 27.23 28.08 28.85 3 23.93 24.00 24.51 25.21 24.21 24.19 24.11 24.93 24.79 24.91 25.24 26.27 26.95 27.55 28.14 28.25 28.41 28.65 4 24.05 24.92 24.32 24.53 23.31 23.02 22.98 23.21 24.42 24.37 24.91 25.36 25.66 26.34 26.23 26.94 26.80 27.07
rataan 23.86 24.40 24.61 25.07 24.14 24.08 24.03 24.33 24.77 24.96 25.47 26.02 26.37 26.59 26.89 27.05 27.44 27.87 Perubahan BB Rataan Terhadap BB Hari Terakhir Masa Adaptasi -0.93 -0.99 -1.04 -0.74 -0.31 -0.11 0.40 0.95 1.30 1.52 1.82 1.98 2.37 2.80
60
61
Lampiran 3. Estimasi LD50 melalui pendekatan UK Formula sampel 2459
No Logam
Pencemar Bentuk
Pencemar Berat Atom
Pencemar
Berat Atom Total
Berat Molekul
Pencemar LD50
Rujukan Kandungan Pencemar Cx (%wt) LD50x
LD50 Unsur
Unsur Senyawa BA BA Total BM LD50x Cx Cx-Senyawa Cx-Senyawa (%) Cx/LD50x LD50w 1 Cr Cr2(SO4)3 51.996 103.992 392.1648 80 1.5 5.6567 0.5657 0.00707082 14142.6258 2 Cu Cu2O 63.456 127.092 143.0914 470 2.1 2.3644 0.2364 0.00050306 198784.833 3 Zn ZnCl2 65.38 65.38 136.286 350 3 6.2536 0.6254 0.00178673 55968.0867 4 Cd CdO 112.4 112.4 128.994 72 1.5 1.7215 0.1721 0.0023909 41825.2012 5 Pb PbSO4 207.2 207.2 303.2576 50 15 14.6360 1.4636 0.02927197 3416.23755 6 Ni NiO 58.7 58.7 74.7 50 4.1 5.2175 0.5218 0.01043509 9583.04764 7 Co CoCl2 58.992 58.992 129.8392 80 7.2 15.8469 1.5847 0.01980867 5048.29564 8 Mn MnCl2.4H2O 54.938 54.938 197.9048 1484 20 72.0466 7.2047 0.00485489 20597.7803 9 Ag Ag2O 107.868 215.736 231.7354 500 0 0 0 0 0
10 Hg HgO 200.59 200.59 216.5894 18 0 0 0 0 0 JUMLAH 1.21501894 334173.127
Total Jumlah Cx/LD50x = 1.21501894 LD50 Estimasi = 349366.107 mg/kg BB
Keterangan:
1. Nilai LD50x diperoleh dari nilai rujukan Sax (2003) 2. Nilai Cx merupakan konsentrasi logam berat dalam sampel green coke hasil analsisis AAS 3. Nilai Cx-senyawa = (BM Pencemar/BA Total).Cx 4. Nilai Cx (%Wt) = nilai Cx/LD50x 5. Nilai LD50 unsur = 100/Nilai Cx (5Wt)
61
62
Lampiran 3. Lanjutan (sampel 2460)
No Logam
Pencemar Bentuk
Pencemar Berat Atom
Pencemar
Berat Atom Total
Berat Molekul
Pencemar LD50
Rujukan Kandungan Pencemar Cx (%wt) LD50x
LD50 Unsur
Unsur Senyawa BA BA Total BM LD50x Cx Cx-Senyawa Cx-Senyawa (%) Cx/LD50x LD50w 1 Cr Cr2(SO4)3 51.996 103.992 392.1648 80 1.5 5.6567 0.5657 0.01414165 7071.31288 2 Cu Cu2O 63.456 127.092 143.0914 470 2.1 2.3644 0.2364 0.00071865 139149.383 3 Zn ZnCl2 65.38 65.38 136.286 350 3 6.2536 0.6254 0.00238231 41976.065 4 Cd CdO 112.4 112.4 128.994 72 1.5 1.7215 0.1721 0.00318787 31368.9009 5 Pb PbSO4 207.2 207.2 303.2576 50 16 14.6360 1.4636 0.03805356 2627.87504 6 Ni NiO 58.7 58.7 74.7 50 4.1 5.2175 0.5218 0.01450733 6893.06935 7 Co CoCl2 58.992 58.992 129.8392 80 7.2 15.8469 1.5847 0.02998812 3334.654 8 Mn MnCl2.4H2O 54.938 54.938 197.9048 1484 20 72.0466 7.2047 0.00716097 13964.5968 9 Ag Ag2O 107.868 215.736 231.7354 500 0 0 0 0 0
10 Hg HgO 200.59 200.59 216.5894 18 0 0 0 0 0 JUMLAH 1.14374144 313973.584
Total Jumlah Cx/LD50x = 1.14374144 LD50 Estimasi = 313973.584 mg/kg BB
Keterangan:
1. Nilai LD50x diperoleh dari nilai rujukan Sax (2003) 2. Nilai Cx merupakan konsentrasi logam berat dalam sampel green coke hasil analsisis AAS 3. Nilai Cx-senyawa = (BM Pencemar/BA Total).Cx 4. Nilai Cx (%Wt) = nilai Cx/LD50x 5. Nilai LD50 unsur = 100/Nilai Cx (5Wt)
62
63
Lampiran 4. Contoh analisis anova eka arah yang dilanjutkan uji tukey pada uji toksisitas akut
————— 7/13/2008 9:15:37 PM ———————————————
One-way ANOVA: Berat_1_0 vs 5 m versus Perlakuan_0 vs 5
Source DF SS MS F P
Perlakuan_0 vs 5 1 0.018 0.018 0.14 0.723 (TBN)
Error 6 0.784 0.131
Total 7 0.802
S = 0.3615 R-Sq = 2.25% R-Sq(adj) = 0.00%
Individual 95% CIs For Mean Based on
Pooled StDev
Level N Mean StDev ---+---------+---------+---------+------
1 4 22.865 0.358 (-----------------*----------------)
2 4 22.960 0.365 (----------------*-----------------)
---+---------+---------+---------+------
22.50 22.75 23.00 23.25
Pooled StDev = 0.361
Tukey 95% Simultaneous Confidence Intervals
All Pairwise Comparisons among Levels of Perlakuan_0 vs 5 mg/kg bb_2459
Individual confidence level = 95.00%
Perlakuan_0 vs 5 mg/kg bb_2459 = 1 subtracted from:
Perlakuan_0
vs 5 mg/kg
bb_2459 Lower Center Upper --------+---------+---------+---------+-
2 -0.5304 0.0950 0.7204 (-----------------*-----------------)
--------+---------+---------+---------+-
-0.35 0.00 0.35 0.70
64
Lampiran 5. Fluktuasi bobot badan mencit perlakuan green coke 2459 dan 2460 selama uji toksisitas subkronis
64
65
Lampiran 5. Lanjutan
65
66
Lampiran 6. Contoh analisis anova eka arah (perbandingan antar ulangan) pada uji toksisitas subkronis
One-way ANOVA: Jantan Berat_1 versus Ulangan_1
Source DF SS MS F P
Ulangan_1 1 0.16 0.16 0.02 0.885 (TBN)
Error 6 41.34 6.89
Total 7 41.49
S = 2.625 R-Sq = 0.38% R-Sq(adj) = 0.00%
Individual 95% CIs For Mean Based on
Pooled StDev
Level N Mean StDev ------+---------+---------+---------+---
1 4 30.095 2.445 (---------------*----------------)
2 4 30.375 2.793 (---------------*---------------)
------+---------+---------+---------+---
28.0 30.0 32.0 34.0
Pooled StDev = 2.625
Tukey 95% Simultaneous Confidence Intervals
All Pairwise Comparisons among Levels of Ulangan_1
Individual confidence level = 95.00%
Ulangan_1 = 1 subtracted from:
Ulangan_1 Lower Center Upper --------+---------+---------+---------+-
2 -4.261 0.280 4.821 (-----------------*-----------------)
--------+---------+---------+---------+-
-2.5 0.0 2.5 5.0
67
Lampiran 7. Data penimbangan sisa pakan formulasi green coke dalam uji toksisitas subkronis
Sampel 2459 Sampel
2459 Sisa Pakan (gram) Hari Ke-
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 1 1.08 0.62 1.84 2.32 2.40 2.61 2.60 2.65 2.60 2.51 2.60 2.53 2.60 2.48 2 0.82 0.71 1.95 2.46 2.50 2.60 2.60 2.50 2.30 2.43 2.51 2.60 2.62 2.40 3 0.94 0.95 1.54 2.78 2.80 2.70 2.70 2.80 2.60 2.50 2.52 2.61 2.63 2.34 4 1.01 0.76 1.05 1.31 1.50 1.60 1.80 1.90 2.10 2.20 2.28 2.34 2.45 2.36
Rataan 0.96 0.76 1.60 2.22 2.30 2.38 2.43 2.46 2.40 2.41 2.48 2.52 2.58 2.40 Dikonsumsi 9.04 9.24 8.41 7.78 7.70 7.62 7.58 7.54 7.60 7.59 7.52 7.48 7.43 7.61
sampel 2460 sampel 2460
Sisa Pakan (gram) Hari Ke- 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27
1 0.80 0.57 1.01 1.31 1.97 2.01 2.59 2.43 2.55 2.50 2.43 2.40 2.75 2.54 2 0.90 0.68 1.23 2.40 2.40 2.34 2.80 2.37 2.51 2.51 2.19 2.71 2.50 2.65 3 0.91 0.74 1.42 2.69 2.02 1.18 2.91 2.78 2.72 2.23 2.63 2.00 2.15 2.45 4 0.97 0.55 0.82 1.80 0.99 1.72 1.88 2.00 2.19 2.49 2.01 1.97 2.71 2.43
Rataan 0.90 0.64 1.12 2.05 1.85 1.81 2.55 2.40 2.49 2.43 2.32 2.27 2.53 2.52 Dikonsumsi 9.11 9.37 8.88 7.95 8.16 8.19 7.46 7.61 7.51 7.57 7.69 7.73 7.47 7.48
Catatan: pakan yang diberikan pada kontrol (tanpa green coke) selalu habis. Bobot pakan yang diberikan adalah 10 g.
67
68
Lampiran 8. Contoh analisis anova dwi arah untuk melihat pengaruh pakan formulasi green coke terhadap perbedaan kelamin selama uji toksisitas subkronis
Two-way ANOVA: Berat_1_2459 versus Perlakuan_1_2459, Kelamin_1_2459 Source DF SS MS F P Perlakuan_1_2459 1 38.316 38.3161 7.14 0.020 Kelamin_1_2459 1 5.476 5.4756 1.02 0.332 Interaction 1 0.325 0.3249 0.06 0.810 (Tidak ada interaksi) Error 12 64.392 5.3660 Total 15 108.508 S = 2.316 R-Sq = 40.66% R-Sq(adj) = 25.82% Individual 95% CIs For Mean Based on Pooled StDev Perlakuan_1_2459 Mean --+---------+---------+---------+------- 1 32.4625 (--------*--------) 2 29.3675 (--------*--------) --+---------+---------+---------+------- 28.0 30.0 32.0 34.0 Individual 95% CIs For Mean Based on Pooled StDev Kelamin_1_2459 Mean --+---------+---------+---------+------- Betina 30.33 (--------------*--------------) Jantan 31.50 (--------------*-------------) --+---------+---------+---------+------- 28.8 30.0 31.2 32.4
69
Lampiran 9. Pengaruh green coke terhadap bobot organ
Sampel 2459
Dosis (mg/kg BB) No Bobot (gram) Persentase Bobot Organ
Terhadap BB (%) Badan Hati Limpa Ginjal Hati Limpa Ginjal
0 1 27.02 1.65 0.21 0.22 6.11 0.78 0.81 2 26.93 1.61 0.18 0.21 5.98 0.67 0.78
rataan 26.98 1.63 0.20 0.22 6.04 0.72 0.80
5 1 27.12 1.65 0.20 0.22 6.08 0.74 0.81 2 27.63 1.66 0.20 0.22 6.01 0.72 0.80
rataan 27.38 1.66 0.20 0.22 6.05 0.73 0.80
50 1 28.19 1.71 0.20 0.20 6.07 0.71 0.71 2 28.21 1.71 0.22 0.23 6.06 0.78 0.82
rataan 28.20 1.71 0.21 0.22 6.06 0.74 0.76
300 1 29.29 1.77 0.20 0.23 6.04 0.68 0.79 2 29.89 1.81 0.23 0.23 6.06 0.77 0.77
rataan 29.59 1.79 0.22 0.23 6.05 0.73 0.78
2000 1 31.00 1.89 0.22 0.24 6.10 0.71 0.77 2 30.83 1.86 0.21 0.23 6.03 0.68 0.75
rataan 30.92 1.88 0.22 0.24 6.06 0.70 0.76
5000 1 32.97 2.01 0.23 0.25 6.10 0.70 0.76 2 32.02 1.92 0.23 0.24 6.00 0.72 0.75
rataan 32.50 1.97 0.23 0.25 6.05 0.71 0.75
15000 1 28.48 1.72 0.21 0.22 6.04 0.74 0.77 2 28.33 1.72 0.21 0.21 6.07 0.74 0.74
rataan 28.41 1.72 0.21 0.22 6.06 0.74 0.76
70
Lampiran 9. Lanjutan
Sampel 2460
Dosis (mg/kg BB) No Bobot (gram) Persentase Bobot Organ
Terhadap BB (%) Badan Hati Limpa Ginjal Hati Limpa Ginjal
0 1 26.48 1.65 0.21 0.19 6.23 0.79 0.72 2 26.91 1.63 0.22 0.19 6.06 0.82 0.71
rataan 26.70 1.64 0.22 0.19 6.14 0.81 0.71
5 1 30.03 1.83 0.24 0.20 6.09 0.80 0.67 2 30.06 1.84 0.25 0.22 6.12 0.83 0.73
rataan 30.05 1.84 0.25 0.21 6.11 0.82 0.70
50 1 30.28 1.85 0.25 0.21 6.11 0.83 0.69 2 30.18 1.85 0.24 0.20 6.13 0.80 0.66
rataan 30.23 1.85 0.25 0.21 6.12 0.81 0.68
300 1 29.61 1.83 0.22 0.19 6.18 0.74 0.64 2 29.98 1.84 0.26 0.22 6.14 0.87 0.73
rataan 29.80 1.84 0.24 0.21 6.16 0.81 0.69
2000 1 32.53 2.03 0.26 0.20 6.24 0.80 0.61 2 32.05 1.91 0.27 0.24 5.96 0.84 0.75
rataan 32.29 1.97 0.27 0.22 6.10 0.82 0.68
5000 1 31.78 1.93 0.24 0.23 6.07 0.76 0.72 2 31.94 1.97 0.27 0.23 6.17 0.85 0.72
rataan 31.86 1.95 0.26 0.23 6.12 0.80 0.72
15000 1 28.85 1.77 0.24 0.21 6.14 0.83 0.73 2 28.65 1.76 0.23 0.20 6.14 0.80 0.70
rataan 28.75 1.77 0.24 0.21 6.14 0.82 0.71
71
Lampiran 10. Alat dan bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian
Sample green coke yang telah digerus Larutan kanji 2%
Alat cekok / syringe Alat timbang mencit
Kandang hewan percobaan Eter untuk pembiusan hewan percobaan
72
Lampiran 11. Tahap – tahap Penelitian
Disuspensikan dalam larutan kanji 2% sesuai dosis
Sampel awal green coke Digerus sampai halus Green coke serbuk
Sampel di cekokkan pada hewan percobaan (mencit)
Dilakukan pembedahan untuk mengetahui fisik dari organ hewan percobaan
Hati, ginjal dan limpa lalu ditimbang, lalu dibuat preparat histologis
Setelah perlakuan, hewan percobaan lalu dibunuh dg cara dibius lebih dahulu
Catatan :
Hewan percobaan diadaptasikan dalam kandang
Pada hari tertentu, bobot hewan percobaan dan pakan sisa di timbang
