Prof. Dalia M. Mohsen Prof. In Microbiology. Is a disease of the human immune system. Types: It have...
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Transcript of Prof. Dalia M. Mohsen Prof. In Microbiology. Is a disease of the human immune system. Types: It have...
Medical Virology
Dr. Dalia M. Mohsen Prof. In Microbiology CLS 413
Lecture (5)
Prof. Dalia M. Mohsen Prof. In Microbiology
Prof. Dalia M. Mohsen Prof. In Microbiology
Human immunodeficiency virus infection / acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS)
• Is a disease of the human immune system.
• Types:
• It have two type (HIV-1 and HIV-2 )
• HIV-1 and HIV-2 differ in genome organization.
• The proteins of HIV-2 are only identical to those of HIV-1
Prof. Dalia M. Mohsen Prof. In Microbiology
Prof. Dalia M. Mohsen Prof. In Microbiology
Transmission of HIV/ AIDS
HIV is transmitted by three main routes:
• Sexually
• blood and blood products.
• Mother-to-child
Prof. Dalia M. Mohsen Prof. In Microbiology
Pathogenesis
Target site:
• Lymphocytes
• Macrophages
• Dendritic cell
Symptoms
•This lead to drop of total number of CD4T- cells
•The immune function become deficient.
Prof. Dalia M. Mohsen Prof. In Microbiology
Hepatitis Virus
• Some viruses cause hepatitis as part of a general infection but the main
targets of the true hepatitis viruses are the hepatocyte themselves.
• These hepatitis viruses include:
• Hepatitis A Virus (HAV)
• Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)
• Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)
Prof. Dalia M. Mohsen Prof. In Microbiology
Hepatitis A Virus (HAV)
General characteristic:
• It is a non enveloped .
• Single strand-RNA virus.
• Icosahedral virus.
• It is pathogenic to man and .
• Incubation period is 2-6 weeks.
Prof. Dalia M. Mohsen Prof. In Microbiology
Hepatitis A Virus (HAV)
METHOD OF TRANSMISSION:
• It is transmitted by contaminated food.
• The virus is found in the stool 2 weeks before and 2 weeks after the
jaundice appears.
SYMPTOMS:
• Jaundice
• Fever
• Abdominal pain
Prof. Dalia M. Mohsen Prof. In Microbiology
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)
HBV infected liver of human and chimpanzees only.
HBV infection is characterized by a long incubation period.
STRUCTURE:
• HBV is a small, enveloped DNA virus.
• The genome is a small circular double-stranded DNA
• HBV is surrounded by an icosahedral capsid
Prof. Dalia M. Mohsen Prof. In Microbiology
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)
• SYMPTOMS OF ACUTE INFECTION:
• Fever
• Anorexia
• Nausea,
• Vomiting.
• The classic symptoms of liver damage
(Jaundice, dark urine ).
Prof. Dalia M. Mohsen Prof. In Microbiology
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)
SYMPTOMS OF CHRONIC INFECTION:
Chronic infection characterized by distraction of the liver
leading to scarring of the liver, cirrhosis and liver failure.
Chronically infected people are the major source for spread of
the virus.
Prof. Dalia M. Mohsen Prof. In Microbiology
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)
• DAIGNOSIS:
• Elevated liver enzyme level on a routine blood chemistry
profile.
• ELISA
• PCR
Prof. Dalia M. Mohsen Prof. In Microbiology
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)
GENERAL CHARACTERISTIC:
• HCV is 30 to 60 nm in diameter
• positive sense RNA genome
• Enveloped.
HOST:
HCV infect only human and chimpanzees.
Prof. Dalia M. Mohsen Prof. In Microbiology
Prof. Dalia M. Mohsen Prof. In Microbiology
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)
TARGET SITE:
• hepatocyte
• lymphocytes
MODE OF TRANSMSSION:
• HCV is transmitted primarily in infected blood and sexually
• Almost all HIV –infected people who are or were intravenous drug users
are infected with HCV
Prof. Dalia M. Mohsen Prof. In Microbiology
Hepatitis C virus (HCV)
CLINICAL SYMPTOMS:
• The chronic persistent disease often progresses to chronic active
hepatitis within 10 to 15 year and to cirrhosis and liver failure
after 20 years.
• HCV promotes the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in
chronically infected patients.
Prof. Dalia M. Mohsen Prof. In Microbiology
Mumps virus
• It is an acute disease
characterized by non-
supportive enlargement of the
parotid glands
• The virus has a single serotype
Prof. Dalia M. Mohsen Prof. In Microbiology
Pathogenesis of Mumps virus
• Infection occurs by respiratory droplets.
• Primary multiplication occurs in the respiratory mucosa followed by viraemia
and localization of virus in the parotids and other salivary glands.
• It may affect the testes, ovaries, pancreas and the CNS.
• Some cases are subclinical.
• The incubation period is 18 days Followed by fever, malaise, anorexia, and
swelling of parotid gland.
• Meningitis may complicate some cases.
• Immunity is permanent after a single infection.
Thank you
Prof. Dalia M. Mohsen Prof. In Microbiology