Production of Large Area Picosecond Photo-Detectors ...

Incom Inc. LAPPD, CPAD19, December 8 – 10, 2019, Madison, WI

Production of Large Area Picosecond Photo-Detectors

(LAPPDTM):

Status Update

Alexey Lyashenko

Incom Inc.

Incom Inc. LAPPD, CPAD19, December 8 – 10, 2019, Madison, WI 2

Head office:294 Southbridge Rd,Charlton MA01507508-909-2200www.incomusa.com

Incom Inc.

LAPPD Manufacturing242 Sturbridge Rd,Charlton MA01507


LAPPD development group:

• A. V. Lyashenko ([email protected]), B. W. Adams, M. Aviles, S. Butler, T. Cremer, C. D. Ertley, M. R. Foley, C. J. Hamel, M. J. Minot, M. A. Popecki, T. Rivera, M. E. Stochaj, Incom Inc, Charlton, MA

• A. U. Mane, J. W. Elam, Argonne National Laboratory

• O. H. W. Siegmund, University of California, Berkeley

• H. J. Frisch’s group (E. Angelico, A. Elagin, E. Spieglan), University of Chicago

• M. Wetstein’s group, Iowa State University

• R. Wagner, J. Xie, Argonne National Laboratory

mailto:[email protected]


TTS 0.1nS TTS 1.28nS

C. Aberle et al., JINST 9 (2014), arXiv:1307.5813

Benefits of fast timing

Neutrino: High vertex resolution in large scale experiments

Neutrino: More efficient background rejection

0bb decay: Directionality information

M. Sanchez, NUFACT2015

https://people.nscl.msu.edu/~witek/Classes/PHY802/betadecay2017a.pdf

M. Sanchez, NUFACT2015 Neutrino, rare decay : Precise track reconstruction

4

HEP applications:Precise TOF & PID


LAPPD enabling technology: Incom MCPs

Al2O3

MgO

Gain >107

Dark count rate 0.03 Hz/cm2

Gain Uniformity in 203mm X 203mm MCP

5

Glass capillary arrays functionalized in-house with ALD

MCPs Standard dimensions DIA33mm, SQ53mm, SQ60mm, SQ127mm, SQ200mm. Curved MCPs.

O. H. W. Siegmund et. al.,AMOS12

Gain map high res

O. H. W. Siegmund et. al., SPIE Proc. 10397


Incom MCPs

MCPs are marketed as a separate product line. Standard dimensions DIA33mm, SQ53mm, SQ60mm, SQ127mm, SQ200mm. Curved MCPs.

O. H. W. Siegmund, AMOS12

O. H. W. Siegmund, AMOS12

O. H. W. Siegmund et. al., SPIE Proc. 10397

Launched Dec 2018


LAPPD Basics

50Ω impedance

Typical Single PE Pulses

FWHM: 1.1 nsecRise time: 850 psec

Image CourtesyIowa State University, Matt Wetstein, ANNIE Program


Baseline LAPPD features

Active area 92%

IncomMCPs

• Borosilicate Glass body• Borosilicate Glass window• 20um pore MCPs• QE >15% w/bi-alkali photocathode• Picosecond timing resolution: TTS<100pS• Gain >106

• Dark Noise <1kHz/cm2 @ 200V on PC• mm spatial resolution• No photocathode degradation

23mm

8


Baseline LAPPD process is well established

<1KHz/cm2

79ps with 63ps FWHM laser pulses

50ps estimated

No degradation after 8 months

9

107

Baseline LAPPD characteristics

PHD Gain

Transit Time Spread Dark rate

A. V. Lyashenko et. al., NIMA https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2019.162834, https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.10399

200VLow TTS

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2019.162834

https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.10399


Baseline LAPPDs have no character

Predictable dark rate of few 100Hz/cm2 @ gain ~5*106 ensuring lowest TTSSeveral 100Hz/cm2 @ gain ~107

107 107

107

6*106 4*106

6*106


Time Resolution

64 psec with 40pS FWHM laser pulses

Assuming σMeas2 = σLAPPD

2 + σLaserWidth2 the extracted TTS is ~50pS

Electronics Limited




Spatial Resolution

DRS4 waveform samplers

Pulses observed at both ends of a strip.

Jitter in Δt for a fixed laser position

Along a Strip

Center of Mass of five adjacent strip signals

Across Strips

FWHM2.4mm

St. dev. from linear fit 0.75mm

Reconstructed positionvs laser position

12


Development of Na2KSb photocathodes: Present Status

13

• Focus on photocathode uniformity and process repeatability• >20% QE @ 365nm has been routinely achieved• Baseline process established

Mean QE28%

Mean QE23%

Mean QE24%

Mean QE29%


QE vs Wavelength

Borosilicate WindowFused Silica Window

High sensitivity in the UV has been demonstrated

PRELIMINARY


Linearity

Good Linearity up to counting rate of ~500KHz/cm2


LAPPD Pilot Production Status

• Baseline LAPPD has been defined

• 2020 Production Plan: 4 baseline LAPPDs + 2 Development LAPPDs a month → 72 starts a year

• Parallel operation of two Integration and Sealing systems


20 μm pores 10 μm pores

20 μm pores

Conservative


Goals:• Provide particle ID for all particles in the test-beam

facility as a permanent diagnostic tool• Factor of >100 improvement on present TOF

system• Fully characterize LAPPD sensitivity/resolution to

charged particles

Status: have measured ~1000s of charged particle events synchronized to beam spills with 2-LAPPDs, 120 channels of PSEC4 readout

LAPPD characterization in the July 2-6, 2019 Fermilab Test Beam

Acknowledging the support of the DOE, Office of HEP and Dr. Helmut Marsiske

A Collaboration between U of Chicago, FNAL, Incom Inc., and the ANNIE Program

18


Background:Unprecedented luminosity for SoLID imposes new requirements on detector technology, trigger design and data acquisition.

Goals and objective:1. Investigate hit patterns for Cerenkov photons that

belong to good particle tracks.2. Understand how the MAPMTs and MCP-PMT/LAPPD

behave in a very high-rate environment. 3. Evaluate DAQ electronics in such environment.

Setup:1. LAPPD #41 – On Loan from Incom Inc. 2. Hall C “open” environment3. Particles: scattered electrons, photons, neutrons4. Radiator medium: CO2

5. Trigger: scintillator & calorimeter 6. DAQ: FADC

Preliminary Indications: Confirmed Cerenkov event with multiple adjacent striplinereadout (Nhit = 5 or 6)

JLABs Telescope Light Gas Cerenkov for SoLIDTeam: Dr. Junqi Xie, Dr. Zein-Eddine Meziani (ANL), Alexandre Camsonne, Mark Jones (JLABs), Dr.

Mark Popecki, Dr. Camden Ertley (Incom Inc)


GEN II LAPPD• A robust ceramic body• Capacitive signal coupling: to an external PCB anode• Pixelated anodes: to enable high fluence applications

20

CapacitivelyCoupled Readout Board

Sealing process established, high QE demonstrated, Baseline GEN II process is being defined

107


High Resolution Imaging using GEN II LAPPD Capacitively Coupled to a Cross Delay Line Anode

200mm square cross delay line anode. X and Y delay lines are connected by through-hole-via to surface pads.

(Courtesy of UC Berkeley)

Preliminary high resolution image formed using a cross delay line

anode capacitively coupled to GEN II LAPPD #44.

21


Development of New 10 cm × 10 cmHigh Rate Picosecond Photodetector (HRPPD)

22

FeatureLarge Area Picosecond

Photodetector (LAPPDTM)

High Rate Picosecond

Photodetector (HRPPD)

Application Picosecond Time of Flight PET, TOF, UV Imaging

Detector Size 20 cm × 20 cm 10 cm × 10 cm

UHV Package

Design

X-Spacers window support ->

creates dead zones

X-Spacer free -> large effective

area

Window Fused Silica, B33 Glass UV Fused Silica, MgF2

λ Sensitivity 200 (300 for B33) - 600 nm 115 - 400 nm

Photocathode Bialkali UV optimized Bialkali

MCP Pore Size 20 µm & 10 µm 10 µm

MCP Stack B-Field Optimized B-Field Optimized

Anode

Direct readout of thick film

strips or capacitive readout with

application specific patterned

anode

High density pixelated anode

with direct or capacitive

readout

Lower Tile

Assembly

Side walls hermetically sealed

to anode

Side walls hermetically sealed

to anode

ConnectionsThrough Frit Seal -> 2 side

abuttable

Through anode -> 4 side

abuttable with minimum dead

space


Current Gen-II 10 cm Detector Development

• Scaled down Gen-II LAPPD – no X-spacer– Smaller gap spacing– 10 or 20 µm pore MCPs

• Intended to develop fixturing compatible with sealing tanks and test chamber.

• Qualify the unsupported 10 cm window seal

• Oversized anode to improve connectivity and grounding

• Will test multi-size pixelated anode readout board (currently being designed).

HV Feedthroughs

Anode Feedthroughs

Ground Feedthroughs

Resistive Anode

23


Current Gen-II 10 cm Detector Development

Anode Plate Anode Plate Fritted to Sidewall

First detector is expected to be sealed in 02/2019

24


Early Adopters

• Opinion leaders able to influence the adoption of LAPPD for established or future technical programs.

• Incom will try to support any qualified early adopter’s that are committed to evaluate LAPPD.

– Participate in an Early Adopter Workshop

– Buy a Tile if you are budgeted to do so

– Use a Tile on short term loan if needed to prepare a grant application for funding to purchase a tile.

• Discussions underway to explore joining end user programs as a collaborator or sub-contractor rather than just a vendor.

• Revenue from the sale of tiles is used to off-set Incom’s non-reimbursed investment not covered by grants.

25


PI, Sponsor PROGRAM TITLE LAPPD Sales

Mayly Sanchez and Matthew Wetstein, Iowa State

ANNIE - Atmospheric Neutrino Neutron Interaction Experiment

4 sold, 1 on loan, 5-15 projected

Erik Brubaker, Sandia National Lab/CA Neutron Imaging Camera 1 sold

Henry Frisch, Evan Angelico (U of Chicago) , Sergey Nagaitsev, Petra Merkel (Fermilab)

Fermilab Testbeam Facility, IOTA (Integrable Optics test Accelerator), KOTO (Rare Decays)

1 GEN II sold, 3 on loan

Matthew Malek (U of Sheffield), Silvia Gambetta, Matthew Needham, Franz

Muheim (U of Edinburgh), WATCHMAN, UK STFC 2 pending sale (2020 delivery)

Gabriel D. Orebi Gann ( UC Berkeley) CHESS, WATCHMAN, THEIA 1 on loan

Zein-eddine Meziani (JLAB), Junqi Xie(ANL)

SoLID (CD0 mid-2020) 1 on loan, 10-30 projected

Andrey Elagin (U of Chicago) Neutrino-less Double-Beta Decay TBD

Sun Il Kwon, Simon Cherry, Stan Majewsky(UC Davis)

PET 1 on loan, 1 projected

Thomas Hemmick, Sanghwa Park (Stonybrook U), Mickey Chiu (BNL)

Phenix Project - “eIC Fast TOF” TBD

Bill Worstell (PicoRad Imaging) PET 1 projected

Marc-André Tétrault (Université de Sherbrooke – Quebec)

PET 1 projected

Yordaka Ilieva (JLAB) eRD14 EIC PID (CD0 Dec 2019) TBD

Lindley Winslow (MIT) Neutrino-less Double-Beta Decay (NuDot) TBD

Andrew Brandt, Varghese Anto Chirayath(UT Arlington)

Life Testing of LAPPD 1 GEN II on loan

Silvia Dalla Torre (INFN Trieste) Confidential/TBD TBD

LAPPDTM Early Adopter Programs

26


• One price for all buyers.

• Low volume (1-10 units) discounts.

• Encourages PIs to aggregate needs

within their organization, department,

or programs for tiles purchased,

invoiced, billed and delivered to the

same address.

• Provide visibility toward future high

volume pricing (hundreds of units, for

example).

• Full Manufacturing High Volume

Price Target = $10,000 / LAPPD.

• 50 LAPPDs → 1.75m2 active area →

$952,400/m2

• 100 LAPPDs → 3.5m2 active area →

$818,100/m2

# Sold Unit Price Sales

1 $ 50,000 $ 50,000

2 $ 47,044 $ 94,088

3 $ 43,440 $ 130,319

4 $ 41,461 $ 165,842

5 $ 40,111 $ 200,557

6 $ 39,095 $ 234,571

7 $ 38,284 $ 267,988

8 $ 37,611 $ 300,890

9 $ 37,038 $ 333,343

10 $ 36,540 $ 365,398

20 $ 36,100 $ 721,995

50 $ 33,334 $ 1,666,694

75 $ 30,000 $ 2,250,007

100 $ 28,633 $ 2,863,335

300 $ 27,702 $ 8,310,468

500 $ 24,414 $ 12,206,898

750 $ 23,021 $ 17,265,691

1000 $ 21,972 $ 21,972,132

27

Baseline LAPPD Pricing: Available Now


Summary & ConclusionsI. Baseline GEN I - defined and is being produced

A. Baseline GEN I LAPPD - Available Today! o Major artifacts has been resolved

o Life Testing is on-going

o Providing early adopters a means to explore potential of PSEC timing.

o Present production pace is 4 LAPPDs per month (expandable with demand)

B. “Typical” performances meet early adopter needs: o Gain >106

o Mean QE > 20% @ 365nm >80% uniformityo Time Resolution < 70 Picoseconds, and mm Spatial Resolutiono Dark rate <1000Hz/cm2 @ gain 107

II. Baseline GEN II – is being defined

Capacitive coupling works, ceramic package demonstrated, high QE demonstrated.

III. “Early Adopter” programs to make LAPPDs available for test & evaluation.

IV. Smaller format 10cm X 10cm detector is being developed

28


Current Funding & Personnel Acknowledgements

• DOE, DE-SC0015267, NP Phase II – “Development of Gen-II LAPPDTM Systems For Nuclear Physics Experiments”

• DOE DE-SC0019821, Phase I –”Development of Advanced Photocathodes for LAPPD”

• DOE, DE-SC0011262 Phase IIA - “Further Development of Large-Area Micro-channel Plates for a Broad Range of Commercial Applications”

• DOE DE-SC0017929, Phase II– “High Gain MCP ALD Film” (Alternative SEE Materials)

• DOE DE-SC0018778 Phase II “ALD-GCA-MCPs with Low Thermal Coefficient of Resistance”

• NASA 80NSSC18P2032 Phase II “Curved Microchannel Plates and Collimators for Spaceflight Mass Spectrometers”

• NASA Phase I “Improvement of GCA center to edge for high timing/spatial resolution applications”

• DOE (HEP, NP, NNSA) Personnel: Dr. Alan L. Stone, Dr. Helmut Marsiske,, Carl C. Hebron, Dr. Kenneth R. Marken Jr, Dr. Michelle Shinn, Dr. Elizabeth Bartosz, Dr. Gulshan Rai, Dr. Manouchehr Farkhondeh, Dr. Donald Hornback, Dr. Manny Oliver.

29


For more information

Dr. Alexey LyashenkoSr. Photodetector Research Scientist, Incom Inc.

[email protected]: 508-909-2226

Dr. Michael J. MinotDirector R&D, Incom Inc.

[email protected]

Office: 508-909-2369Cell: 978-852-4942

Thank you!30


Selected LAPPD References & Links• http://www.incomusa.com/mcp-and-lappd-documents/

• Lyashenko, Alexey et al., “Performance of Large Area Picosecond Photo-Detectors (LAPPD)” NIMA https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2019.162834, https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.10399

• Craven, Christopher A. et al - “Recent Advances in Large Area Micro-Channel Plates and LAPPD™” TIPP’17 International Conference on Technology and Instrumentation in Particle Physics, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, May 22-26, 2017

• Lyashenko, Alexey et al “Further progress in pilot production of Large Area Picosecond Photo-Detectors (LAPPDTM)” New Technologies for Discovery III: The 2017 CPAD Instrumentation Frontier Workshop, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM October 12-14, 2017

• Angelico, E. et al, “Capacitively coupled pickup in MCP-based photodetectors using a conductive metallic anode”, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 846 (2017) 75–80

• Ertley, Camden et al, “Microchannel Plate Imaging Detectors for High Dynamic Range Applications”, IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, 2017.

• Siegmund, Oswald et al, “Microchannel plate detector technology potential for LUVOIR and HabEx”, Proceedings of the SPIE, Volume 10397, id. 1039711 14 pp. (2017)

• Siegmund, Oswald et al, “Single Photon Counting Large Format Imaging Sensors with High Spatial and Temporal Resolution”, Proceedings of the Advanced Maui Optical and Space Surveillance (AMOS) Technologies Conference, 2017.

• Michael J. Minot, et. al., “Pilot production and advanced development of large-area picosecond photodetectors” SPIE 9968, Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray, and Neutron Detector Physics XVIII, 99680X (30 September 2016); doi: 10.1117/12.2237331

• Adams, B.W et al. “A Brief Technical History of the large-Area Picosecond Photodetector (LAPPD) Collaboration” - Submitted to: JINST arXiv:1603.01843 [physics.ins-det] FERMILAB-PUB-16-142-PPD, March, 2016

• M.J. Minot, et al., Pilot production & commercialization of LAPPD™, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 787 (2015) 78–84

31

http://www.incomusa.com/mcp-and-lappd-documents/

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2019.162834

https://arxiv.org/abs/1909.10399


1.000E-01

1.000E+00

1.000E+01

1.000E+02

1.000E+03

1.000E+04

1.000E+05

1.000E+06

1.000E+07

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Resistance(M

ohm)

Temperature(K)

-1.0E-05

0.0E+00

1.0E-05

2.0E-05

3.0E-05

4.0E-05

5.0E-05

6.0E-05

7.0E-05

8.0E-05

-2.0E-08

0.0E+00

2.0E-08

4.0E-08

6.0E-08

8.0E-08

1.0E-07

1.2E-07

1.4E-07

1.6E-07

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

MCPCurrent(A,150K,200K)

MCPCurrent(A)

Voltage(V)

9.5K

10K

50K

75K

100K

150K

200K

INCOM MCPs at cryogenic temperatures

32

RRT = 200 KW

I-V curves for cryogenic temperatures

MCP current takes off indicating thermal runaway

LAr

LXe

Tfitrange:90to160K

b = - 0.07 K-1


MCP chevron pair detector in cooled environment

T = -50°C

T = -100°C

1300/1400V across each MCP; stack resistance: 1 GW

1200 V across each MCP, Stack resistance : 126 MBackground rates: 0.35 cnts/sec/cm2 .

33

Production of Large Area Picosecond Photo-Detectors ...

Documents

Transcript of Production of Large Area Picosecond Photo-Detectors ...