Production of Biomass for Energy from Sustainable Forestry ...Production of Biomass for Energy from...
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Production of Biomass for Energy Production of Biomass for Energy from Sustainable Forestry from Sustainable Forestry
Systems: Canada and EuropeSystems: Canada and Europe
Jim RichardsonJim RichardsonPoplar Council of Canada Poplar Council of Canada
and IEA Bioenergy Task 31and IEA Bioenergy Task 31Short Rotation Crops International Conference Short Rotation Crops International Conference
August 20, 2008August 20, 2008
OutlineOutline
Biomass types and sourcesBiomass types and sourcesForest biomass for energyForest biomass for energySustainability of productionSustainability of productionCanada and SwedenCanada and SwedenGlobal change issuesGlobal change issuesIEA IEA BioenergyBioenergy Task 31Task 31Poplar Council of CanadaPoplar Council of Canada
Biomass TypesBiomass Types
Energy plantationsEnergy plantations
Forest residuesForest residues
Forest industry residuesForest industry residues
Agricultural crops & residuesAgricultural crops & residues
Animal wastesAnimal wastes
Municipal solid wasteMunicipal solid waste
Biomass TypesBiomass Types
Energy plantationsEnergy plantations
Forest residuesForest residues
Forest industry residuesForest industry residues
Agricultural crops & residuesAgricultural crops & residues
Animal wastesAnimal wastes
Municipal solid wasteMunicipal solid waste
Bioenergy endBioenergy end--usesuses
HeatHeat
ElectricityElectricity
Liquid or gaseous fuelsLiquid or gaseous fuels
Global Status of Forests Global Status of Forests & Energy& Energy
Forests are the main source of energy globally Forests are the main source of energy globally for domestic use & many industriesfor domestic use & many industries
BiofuelsBiofuels provide 14% worldprovide 14% world’’s primary energys primary energy60% of wood removals are for energy.60% of wood removals are for energy.
BUT forest cover declining: BUT forest cover declining: --9.4 M ha/yr9.4 M ha/yrSO, need to ensure sustainable forestry SO, need to ensure sustainable forestry practicespractices
Global Wood ConsumptionGlobal Wood Consumption
0200400600800
1000120014001600
Developedcountries
Developingcountries
Million m3
Fuelwood &charcoalIndustrial wood
Technical issuesTechnical issues
Harvesting Harvesting -- integration, timing, integration, timing, moisture loss, dry matter lossmoisture loss, dry matter lossTransportation Transportation -- comminutioncomminutionand compaction and compaction Equipment Equipment -- mechanizationmechanizationSupply chainSupply chain
Environmental issuesEnvironmental issues
Nutrient removalNutrient removalSoil compactionSoil compactionWater managementWater managementBiodiversityBiodiversityCarbon dioxideCarbon dioxide
BiodiversityBiodiversity
Impact similar to conventional harvestingImpact similar to conventional harvestingWoody debrisWoody debrisLand use change Land use change
energy plantationsenergy plantations
Social issuesSocial issues
EmploymentEmployment
AgroforestryAgroforestry
Rural developmentRural development
Remote communitiesRemote communities
Remote CommunitiesRemote CommunitiesCanadaCanada’’s norths northForestForest--based communities based communities -- with energy with energy needs and high energy costsneeds and high energy costsBenefits of Benefits of bioenergybioenergy::
community selfcommunity self--sufficiencysufficiencyreduced costsreduced costsemploymentemploymentsympathetic to forestsympathetic to forest--based culturebased culture
Economic issuesEconomic issues
CostsCostscapitalcapitaloperatingoperating
Policies and regulationsPolicies and regulationsincentives incentives barriersbarriers
Policies & regulationsPolicies & regulations
Forest fuel harvestingForest fuel harvestingFertilizing (wood ash)Fertilizing (wood ash)Wood fuel useWood fuel useLand useLand useSitingSiting and permittingand permitting
Solutions for Solutions for SustainabilitySustainability
Environmental Management Environmental Management Systems (EMS)Systems (EMS)Life Cycle Analysis (LCA)Life Cycle Analysis (LCA)Environmental Impact Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)Assessment (EIA)Forest certification schemes Forest certification schemes (FSC, PEFC, (FSC, PEFC, ……))
Energy statistics Energy statistics (Source: IEA 2005)(Source: IEA 2005)
SwedenSweden GermanyGermany CanadaCanada USAUSA
Population (M)Population (M) 99 6262 3232 297297
TPES (TPES (MtoeMtoe)) 5252 345345 272272 23402340
TPESTPESper capitaper capita
5.85.8 4.24.2 8.48.4 7.97.9
RenewablesRenewables (%)(%)
28.928.9 4.44.4 16.116.1 4.44.4
Bioenergy Bioenergy ((MtoeMtoe))
8.78.7 10.010.0 12.312.3 65.865.8
Bioenergy (%)Bioenergy (%) 16.816.8 2.92.9 4.54.5 2.82.8
Canada: Biomass resourcesCanada: Biomass resources
Industrial/mill residuesIndustrial/mill residuesForest residuesForest residues
Fire/insect killFire/insect kill
Agricultural residuesAgricultural residuesMunicipal wasteMunicipal waste
construction/demolition woodconstruction/demolition wood
Energy cropsEnergy crops
SwedenSweden
Small country, small population, much forest Small country, small population, much forest (55%)(55%)Forest production Forest production –– 152 M m152 M m33/year/yearCurrent use Current use –– 90 M m90 M m33/year (primarily to /year (primarily to conventional industry)conventional industry)Annual forest harvestAnnual forest harvest
88% conventional industrial 88% conventional industrial roundwoodroundwood12% firewood, harvest residues for energy12% firewood, harvest residues for energy45% directly or indirectly to energy use45% directly or indirectly to energy use
Global Climate ChangeGlobal Climate Change
Increasing risk to forestryIncreasing risk to forestryBut possibly more material for energy But possibly more material for energy productionproductionNatural disturbancesNatural disturbances
Insect pestsInsect pestsSevere weather eventsSevere weather events
Canada: Mountain Pine BeetleCanada: Mountain Pine Beetle
British ColumbiaBritish Columbia60 M ha productive forest land60 M ha productive forest land69 M m69 M m33/year AAC/year AACMPBMPB »» 1999 1999 –– 200 K ha200 K ha
2005 2005 –– 8.7 M ha8.7 M ha2013 2013 –– all all lodgepolelodgepole pine killed (9 M mpine killed (9 M m33))Harvesting shift to salvage dead treesHarvesting shift to salvage dead treesBioenergy opportunityBioenergy opportunity
Sweden: Hurricane Gudrun 2005Sweden: Hurricane Gudrun 2005
1 annual national felling in 1 night in a 1 annual national felling in 1 night in a limited area in South Swedenlimited area in South Sweden‘‘SecondarySecondary’’ problem problem –– massive bark beetle massive bark beetle infestationinfestationSalvage loggingSalvage logging
Caren Dyment, CFSCaren Dyment, CFS
Salvage logging: 1 M mSalvage logging: 1 M m3 3 (Source: (Source: CarenCaren DymentDyment))
IEAIEA Bioenergy Task 31Bioenergy Task 31
Biomass Production for Energy from Biomass Production for Energy from Sustainable ForestrySustainable Forestry
20072007--0909
Website: Website: http://ieabioenergytask31.orghttp://ieabioenergytask31.org
ObjectiveObjective
To share, To share, analyseanalyse, synthesize, disseminate , synthesize, disseminate and promote and promote scientific knowledge and scientific knowledge and technical informationtechnical information leading to the leading to the economically and environmentally economically and environmentally sustainable productionsustainable production of biomass for of biomass for energy from energy from integrated forestry systemsintegrated forestry systems. .
Issues addressedIssues addressed
Availability of forest biomassAvailability of forest biomass for energy for energy productionproductionDevelopment and implementation of knowledge Development and implementation of knowledge of of forest biomass supply chainforest biomass supply chainReducing costsReducing costs of biomass production and of biomass production and developing improved economic analysesdeveloping improved economic analysesCriteria and indicatorsCriteria and indicators for sustainable for sustainable development of energy production from forestrydevelopment of energy production from forestry
ActivitiesActivities
International scientific workshopsInternational scientific workshops
Case studies and policyCase studies and policy--oriented papersoriented papers
Information disseminationInformation dissemination
CollaborationCollaboration
Participating CountriesParticipating Countries
CanadaCanada
DenmarkDenmark
FinlandFinland
GermanyGermanyNetherlandsNetherlands
NorwayNorway
SwedenSweden
United KingdomUnited Kingdom
United StatesUnited States
Poplar Council of CanadaPoplar Council of CanadaA national nonA national non--profit organization with membership from profit organization with membership from industry, land owners, universities, research institutions, industry, land owners, universities, research institutions,
and federal and provincial governments. and federal and provincial governments.
PCC has been committed to the wise use, conservation, and PCC has been committed to the wise use, conservation, and sustainable management of Canada's private and public sustainable management of Canada's private and public
poplar resources since 1977.poplar resources since 1977.
Website: Website: www.poplar.cawww.poplar.ca
Information and ServicesInformation and Services
Annual technical meetingsAnnual technical meetingsNewslettersNewslettersReports and publicationsReports and publicationsResearch needs assessmentResearch needs assessmentWorking GroupsWorking Groups
Genetics & BreedingGenetics & BreedingPesticide RegistrationPesticide Registration
InternationalInternationalInternational Poplar CommissionInternational Poplar Commission
Poplars and Willows Poplars and Willows in the World: in the World:
meeting the needs of society meeting the needs of society and the environmentand the environment
Editors: J.G. Isebrands & J. RichardsonEditors: J.G. Isebrands & J. Richardson
Published by: FAO/IPCPublished by: FAO/IPCAvailable onAvailable on--line from end 2008line from end 2008
ObjectiveObjective
To produce a To produce a major updatemajor update of the previous of the previous (1980) edition of the FAO publication on poplars (1980) edition of the FAO publication on poplars and willows in an and willows in an accessible formataccessible format, providing a , providing a practical practical worldwideworldwide overview and guide to their overview and guide to their basic basic characteristics, cultivation and usecharacteristics, cultivation and use as well as well as as issues, problems and trendsissues, problems and trends relating to relating to poplars and willows.poplars and willows.
ContentsContents
Preface Preface 1. Introduction1. Introduction2. Poplars & willows in the world2. Poplars & willows in the world3. Natural ecosystems3. Natural ecosystems4. Genetic resources4. Genetic resources5. Industrial plantations5. Industrial plantations6. Environmental uses6. Environmental uses7. 7. AbioticAbiotic risksrisks8. Diseases 8. Diseases
9. Animal pests9. Animal pests
10. Properties and utilization10. Properties and utilization11. Markets, trends and outlook 11. Markets, trends and outlook 12. Sustainable rural development12. Sustainable rural development13. Conclusions13. ConclusionsAppendicesAppendicesA. Research agencies, institutions A. Research agencies, institutions
& organizations& organizationsB. BibliographyB. BibliographyC. IndexC. IndexD. GlossaryD. Glossary