Production of Bioethanol

27.05.2008 Presentation by Florian Schmalz

Production of Bioethanol


Structure:

1. What is Bioethanol?

2. Production Steps for Bioethanol made of Cereals

3. Production and Use of Bioethanol in different Countries



Bioethanol is ethanol (alcohol) that is derived exclusively from the fermentation of plant starches.

Bioethanol is the most widely used bio fuel today.

Molecular structure of ethanol:



• Bioethanol is manufactured from biomass.• Plants containing sugar and starch are fermented, and

the alcohol produced is distilled• What plants are actually used is generally dependent on

their local availability and their price.• Examples for Ethanol sources / raw materials:

Wheat Maize/Corn Sugar Beet Sugar Cane


2. Production Steps (main process):

• Milling the cereal: meaning mechanical crushing of the cereal grain to release the starch component

• Saccharification: heating and addition of water and enzymes for conversion into fermentable sugar

• Fermentation: fermentation of the mash using yeast


2. Principle of fermentation:• Summarizing chemical equation for ethanol

fermentation:

• C6H12O6 → 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2

• One glucose molecule is converted into two ethanol molecules and two carbondioxide molecules.


2. Production Steps (main process):

• Distillation and Rectification: That means concentration and cleaning the ethanol produced by the distillation by removing by-products.

• Definition of Distillation: It is a thermal separation method that can be used to fractionate liquid mixtures. It utilises the different volatility of the components of the mixture to be separated.

• Dehydration: drying (removing residual water) off the ethanol


2. Principle of Rectification:• In practice, this multi-stage distillation

process is carried out in the form of countercurrent distillation (rectification) in a column.

• The liquid mixture to be separated (feed) is fed to the base of the column, where it is brought to boiling point.

• The vapour produced moves upwards inside the column, exits it at the top and is condensed.

• Part of the condensate is carried away as top product. The remainder flows back into the column and moves downwards as liquid opposite phase.


2. Possible secondary process: Animal Feed as a Co-Product

• Evaporation: The goal of evaporation is to vaporize most of the water from a solution containing a desired product

• Mash coming out of Destillation goes into evaporators where most of the water is separated from the solid parts in the mash, the stillage.

• If the stillage is dried and pelleted, the resulting storable animal feed is known as DDGS(Distillers' Dried Grains with Solubles)


2. Overall Production Process:


3. Production and Use of Bio- ethanol in different Countries

• Worldwide increasing production of ethanol in recent years

• Due to increasing fuel demand and increasing prices of fossil fuels, the business of bioethanol production is prognosticated to be a growth market


3. Distribution of world ethanol production:

Raw materials:• Europe: Sugar beet,

Wheat, Barley, Triticale, Maize, Rye, Potatoes

• Brazil: producers use Sugar Cane

• USA: mostly Maize ( A.E.: Corn)

The extraction of bioethanol from lignocellular raw materials such as straw or wood is in the development phase.


3. E85 and Flexible Fuel Vehicles• Ethanol can be blended with gasoline to create E85, a

blend of 85% and 15% gasoline. Due to the corrosive affects of E85, because of its high alcohol content, traditional vehicles cannot use it.

• Flex fuel vehicles (FFVs) have engines modified to accept higher concentrations of ethanol. Such flexible-fuel engines are designed to run on any mixture of gasoline or ethanol with up to 85% ethanol by volume.


Thank you!

Zeitz, Saxony-Anhalt, GermanyEurope’s largest bioethanol plant since 2005

Production of Bioethanol

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