Process Overview With Sample Graphics

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HUB SELECTION & LOS SURVEY

PROCESS OVERVIEW WITH SAMPLE GRAPHICS

HN TELECOM CONSULTANTS AND PROJECT MANAGERS


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION 1. INTRODUCTION AND LOS SURVEY PROCESSOVERVIEW

SECTION 2. HUB SELECTION REPORT WITH SAMPLE

CONTENTS

SECTION 3. PRELIMINARY SURVEY REPORT WITHSAMPLE CONTENTS

SECTION 4. LOS COVERAGE STUDY REPORT WITH

SAMPLE CONTENTS

SECTION 5. HN TELECOM LOS VIEWER AND SAMPLEDATABASE IMAGES

SECTION 6. SUMMARY OF FEATURES AND BENEFITS OFTHE HN TELECOM METHODOLOGY

Page 2 of 38Copyright 2001. All Rights Reserved.HN TELECOM


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SECTION 1

INTRODUCTION AND LOS SURVEYPROCESS OVERVIEW

Introduction

LOS Survey Process Overview Hub Selection

Field Survey

LOS Analysis

The HN LOS Viewer



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HN Telecom (HN) has developed photogrammetric survey technology thatsatisfies he demanding line-of-sight (LOS) requirements of BroadbandWireless Access (BWA) systems.

This innovative technology blends traditional microwave path surveytechniques with photography and proprietary GIS software. The result is a

survey methodology that provides BWA system operators the benefits ofaccurate LOS determinations at substantial cost savings. The process isflexible, and can be adapted to meet the specific requirements of the WirelessCarrier.

This presentation provides an overview of the HN TelecomPhotogrammetric Survey process, and includes sample contents and

graphics excerpted from actual HN reports.

INTRODUCTION



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HN uses aerial photography and a high resolution stereoscope to selectcandidate hub buildings.

An aerial photo Hub Selection Report is prepared for each city.

It consists of:

a) A city map showing the proposed service areas;

b) A street map locating the primary and alternate candidate hubbuildings;

c) An aerial photo showing the selected building locations;

d) A summary table giving the street location, approximate numberof floors and aerial photo reference for each candidate building.

The Hub Selection Report gives Wireless Carriers the information theyneed to properly assess the coverage (and therefore revenue) potential ofcandidate hubs.

OVERVIEW: HUB SELECTION



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OVERVIEW: FIELD SURVEY

Once a list of candidate hub buildings has been established, the next step is identify thetwo best candidate buildings for each hub. HN staff travel to the city, and survey theroofs of the short-listed buildings to confirm engineering suitability and take horizonphotos from the proposed antenna locations.

In just a few hours, with only one trip to the roof, ALL THE DATA REQUIREDTO UNDERTAKE A COMPLETE LOS ANALYSIS AND DEPLOY THE LAST

MILE IS GATHERED.

HN prepares a Preliminary Survey Report for each surveyed building consisting of:

a) Photos of building and rooftop details;

b) The 28mm lens horizon photos for each hub surveyed;

c) A location and preliminary shadow map for each candidate hub showingblockage sectors caused by buildings, hills, etc.

The Preliminary Survey Report assists the Wireless Carrier with leasing hub buildingsthat offer the best LOS visibility characteristics.



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OVERVIEW: LOS COVERAGE ANALYSIS

For those buildings that are to be leased by the Wireless Carrierimplemented as hubs, HN undertakes a detailed coverage analysis using thedata collected in the field survey.

HN prepares a Coverage Study Report consisting of two printed volumes (11 x17 format), plus a soft-copy on CD containing the LOS building database,

additional GIS data, and the HN LOS Viewersoftware.

Volume I consists of:

a) Photos of the hub building taken from street level, rooftop details and adimensioned sketch showing the proposed antenna locations, groundelevation and building height;

b) Scanned images of 28mm horizon photos with an angular grid, i.e., lines

of constant azimuth referenced to North and lines of constant angularelevation referenced to the horizontal plane through the camera;

c) All horizon photos mounted in a continuous format taken from theproposed antenna locations, with azimuth bearing markers referenced toNorth.



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Volume II consists of:

a) A detailed shadow map prepared on an orthophoto showingareas where LOS visibility is blocked by buildings, etc.;

b) An index sheet to the LOS coverage maps, prepared as anoverlay on the orthophoto;

c) One minute by one minute coverage maps prepared on anorthophoto showing street names and footprints of buildings withLOS visibility from the hub.

HNLOS Viewer & Database:

The soft-copy component provides a GIS database of the photographs andLOS results contained in Volumes I & II. The soft copy includes theproprietary LOS Viewerand Users Guide.

OVERVIEW: LOS COVERAGE ANALYSIS



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The LOS Viewersoftware enables the user to make angular measurementson the horizon photo images, similar to what could be achieved with asurveyors transit set up at the hub.

Used in conjunction with the Coverage Study database, the LOS Viewerallows the user to see correlating views of a building on a horizon

photo and an orthophoto -- all via a point-and-click process.

The HN process gives the Wireless Carrier a pre-confirmed set of targetsubscribers, and eliminates the need for costly subscriber-end LOS fieldconfirmations.

With the LOS Viewer, see path details and potential antennamounting locations at subscriber buildings without going to the field.

OVERVIEW: THE HN LOS VIEWER



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SECTION 2

HUB SELECTION REPORT WITH

SAMPLE CONTENTS

Hub Selection Summary

Service Area Map

Building Location Map

Building Selection Aerial Photo



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The Hub Selection Summary provides a complete catalogue of candidate

hub buildings.

HN uses aerial photography and a high resolution stereoscope to select

candidate hub buildings. Selected buildings are referenced to applicable

aerial photography and street atlas pages.

The following slide shows a sample Summary. The candidate hub buildings

are evaluated and letter-ranked. An A-ranked building (e.g. HN080-1A) is

the optimal choice.

The Hub Index Number indicated in the first column can be used to locatedthe hub service area on the Service Area Map.

HUB SELECTION SUMMARY



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Hub

Index

Number

Candidate

Building

Preference

Rank No.

Location

Approx.

Number

of Floors

Line &

Photo

Number

Street

Atlas

Page No. Comments

1

HN080-1A

HN080-1B

HN080-1C

182 Street and 114 Avenue

114 Avenue near 182 Street

184 Street and 111 Avenue

4

3

3

L 12 92

L 12 92

L 12 92

220

220

220

It looks like a silo (3 together)

A large building with penthouse and 2 small towers on top

A flat roof, it would need a small tower

2

HN080-2A

HN080-2B

HN080-2C

165 Street near 88 Avenue



16

13

10

L 11 53

L 11 53

L 11 53

227

227

227

Flat roof with penthouse, the northern building of two

Flat roof with large penthouse

Flat roof with large penthouse

3

HN080-3A

HN080-3B

HN080-3C

115 Avenue and 135 Street

118 Avenue and St Albert

Trail118 Avenue and Groat Road

16

4

3

L 10 20

L 10 20

L 10 20

222

222

222

Flat roof with penthouse, building is L-shaped

Flat roof with penthouse


4

HN080-4A

HN080-4B

HN080-4C




12

4

3

L 9 309

L 9 309

L 9 309

216

216

222


Flat roof with multiple penthouses

Flat roof

HUB SELECTION SUMMARY



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The coverage ranges depicted on

the Service Area Map are shownas purple circles. While all of the

candidate buildings are indicated

on the map, coverage range rings

are only shown for the A-ranked

buildings.

Each hub coverage area is labeled,and the number corresponds to the

Hub Index Number listed in

the preceding Hub Selection

Summary.

Pins indicate the location of the

candidate buildings.

The pink dots and yellow squares

represent geocoded business data.

SERVICE AREA MAP



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BUILDING LOCATION MAP

A detailed view of the candidate

buildings for each hub is shownon the Building Selection and

Building Location maps.

The Buildings Location Map

(shown adjacent) indicates the

location of the candidate buildings

on a street map.



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BUILDING SELECTION MAP

The Building Selection Map

indicates the location of thecandidate buildings as they

appear on the aerial photo.

The aerial photo provides useful

terrain and land use information

important to the hub selection

process.

HN080-1C

HN080-1B

HN080-1A



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SECTION 3

PRELIMINARY SURVEY REPORT

WITH SAMPLE CONTENTS

Building & Rooftop Detail Photos

28mm Coverage Photos

Location & Preliminary Shadow Map



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BUILDING AND ROOFTOP DETAILS

Having selected the best two

candidate buildings for eachplanned hub (see Section 2), HN

undertakes a rooftop survey of these

buildings.

The engineering suitability of the

buildings is confirmed, and a

decision is made regarding suitableantenna locations.

The Preliminary Survey Report

documents the rooftop details of

the candidate buildings, and also

includes photos of the buildings

taken at street level.

.

.



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On the roof, the HN field engineer takes measurements of the rooftop, and

documents its prominent features. GPS and other survey data are recorded.This information is provided on a rooftop sketch, and includes a precise

indication of camera setup and proposed antenna locations.

The field engineer also takes a series of wide and narrow angle photographs

of the horizon from each planned antenna location. The camera sees what

the antenna will see, and in this way LOS path conditions are established.

The photographs, in combination with the other survey data collected, contain

all of the information necessary to make complete LOS determinations at a

later date.

The Preliminary SurveyReport provides a wide-angle horizon panorama foreach prospective antenna location on the candidate hub building. The

panorama includes azimuth reference points.

Typically, the wide-angle panorama is comprised of 28mm photos. The

following page shows an excerpt from a 28mm Coverage panorama.

THE SURVEY PROCESS



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28mm COVERAGE



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Data from the horizon photos is

used to determine which areas

within the hub range are visible,and which areas are blocked

(shadowed) from view.

The shadows created by

obstructive buildings or natural

physical land features are shown in

solid orange on the Shadow Map.

At this stage in the planning

process, the Shadow Map is

particularly useful for making first

cut determinations regarding the

suitability of a potential hub building.

As shown here, the Shadow can

also be used in conjunction with

demographic and land use data, or

a list or target client buildings.

If the Wireless Carrier is planning to

deploy multiple hubs, a Composite

Shadow Map can also be provided.

LOCATION & PRELIMINARY SHADOW MAP



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SECTION 4

LOS COVERAGE STUDY REPORT

WITH SAMPLE CONTENTS

Typical 28mm Wide Angle Lens Panorama

Photographs taken from the Hub Antenna

Location

Typical 200mm Telephoto Lens Panorama

Photographs taken from the Hub Antenna

Location

Typical Hub Shadow Map

Typical Hub LOS Coverage Index

Typical Hub LOS Coverage Maps



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THE LOS COVERAGE STUDY REPORT

The Coverage Study Report provides the detailed LOS information

necessary for fixed BWA network planning, system design, andimplementation.

The Coverage Study Report answers three basic questions:

-What buildings can be served from a given hub?

-Where are these buildings located?

-Where on these buildings can subscriber antennas be located?

The end result is a comprehensive report presenting a set of LOS buildings

that can be targeted as service recipients.



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This sample photo is excerpted from

a panorama similar to the oneshown in Section 3.

The photo is an example of the

degree of detail shown in the 28mm

coverage photos.

These wide-angle photos are usefulfor locating and identifying buildings

at close range.

In order to provide complete and

detailed coverage information, these

photos are used in conjunction with

narrow angle photos.

A blue box is added here to frame

the area covered by the narrow

angle 200mm photo shown on the

following page.



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The narrow angle photos show a

much more detailed view of thecoverage area, and are useful for

locating and studying buildings

farther away from the hub.

The soft copy component of the

Report allows for a much more

detailed analysis of the imagespresented here (see Section 5).



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In conjunction with the horizon photo

analysis process, HN uses digital

orthophotos (rectified aerialphotographs) to determine the

precise geographical location of

buildings within service range.

The Shadow Map shown in the

LOS Coverage Study presents the

shadowed regions on a digitalorthophoto. Data from the horizon

photo is used to determine which

buildings (or parts of buildings) are

visible, and which are blocked

(shadowed) from view.

Footprints and Roofprints (marked

in green and yellow) of LOS

buildings that house potential clients

are also shown on the orthophoto.

Newbuildings (seen on the horizon

photos but built subsequent to the

date of the aerial photography) are

shown with a red outline.



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THE COVERAGE INDEX

Hub visibility coverage information is

presented as a series of Coverage

Maps overlaid on an orthophoto.The Coverage Index is the key to

this series of maps, and it gives an

overview of a hub visibility for the

entire service range.

The index numbers identify 1x1

minute grid segments that containbuildings with LOS visibility. Each

identified 1x1 minute segment has

a corresponding detailed Coverage

Map.



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THE COVERAGE MAP

The 1x1 Coverage Maps clearly

indicate the position of buildings with

LOS visibility (shown in green andyellow). Highways and major

streets are labeled.

New buildings visible on the horizon

photographs but constructed after

the date of the aerial photography

are shown with a red outline.

Highway 1

MainSt.

ABC Ave

XYZSt.

Curve Way

Page 27 of 38HN TELECOM


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SECTION 5

SAMPLE CONTENTS FROM

HN TELECOM LOS VIEWER

Typical Computer Image of a 28mm Horizon

Photo with Angular Grid

Typical 200mm Horizon Photo Showing a

Detailed View of a Section of the 28mm Photo

Correlation of Building Footprint with

Corresponding LOS Building on Horizon Photo

Panorama Index



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THE LOS VIEWER

The Coverage Study Report is provided in both hard and soft copy format.

The soft copy includes additional GIS database information about identified

LOS buildings that cannot be easily shown in the printed volumes. This

includes building elevation, coordinates, distance, and bearing from the hub.

The proprietary LOS Viewer software included with the soft copy enables

angular measurements to be made on the horizon photo images, similar to

that which could be achieved with a surveyors transit set up at the hub.

Horizon photos viewed with the LOS Viewerare displayed with angular grids

showing accurate lines of azimuth (referenced to true north) and elevation

(referenced to the horizontal plane through the camera).



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28mm Photo with Angular Grid

7.5 km

0.75 km



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THE LOS VIEWER

The two buildings shown at 0.75 km and 7.5 km on the 28mm horizon photo are

also marked on the 210mm photo (next page). Note that the grid remainsconsistent between photographic views.

Using MapInfo, these softcopy images can be further magnified as needed by the

user. This permits the easy identification of viable locations for mounting a

subscriber antenna prior to visiting the client site.



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210mm Photo with Angular Grid

7.5 km

0.75 km



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PANORAMA INDEX

The Panorama Index shows the narrow angle and wide angle photos available for viewing.



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VIEWING CORRELATION

The LOS Viewer makes it easy to find correlating orthophoto and horizon photo

building images. The Correlation function can be initiated from either the horizonphoto or the orthophoto.

The following page identifies a subscriber building in the two photographic views.

Note that the azimuth ray (yellow line) on the orthophoto at 198 corresponds to the

location of the building relative to the angular grid on the horizon photo.

A red cross indicates the correlated building in the two windows. The LOS Viewer

places correlation markers on buildings selected by the user, meaning there is no

guesswork involved in determining which building matches which footprint. Finding

a correlating view of a LOS building is literally a point-and-click process.

OtherLOS Viewerfeatures:

Paths to RF interference sources can be viewed on the horizon photos by

inputting their site co-ordinates (latitude, longitude, and elevation AMSL).

LOS Coverage Study data can be used to generate an exportable 3D

database of LOS buildings for use with RF interference programs.


O th h t Wi d H i Ph t Wi d


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Subscriber building at 1.0 km showing

proposed antenna location

Orthophoto Window Horizon Photo Window



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SECTION 6

SUMMARY OF FEATURES AND

BENEFITS OF THE HN TELECOM METHODOLOGY



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Accuracy: LOS visibility from the hub antenna location to potential subscriber buildings is establishedby direct observation. The HN methodology provides the real world LOS data required for linkimplementation and is not subject to the errors and limitations of computer analysis using 3D buildingdatabase models.

Implementation Tool: LOS Viewer and calibrated photos can be directly used for planning, systemdesign and implementation, and permit viewing of real world LOS conditions on any terrestrial pathfrom the hub.

Large Scale Blockages: A shadow map is presented on an orthophoto showing the areas where

buildings, terrain, etc. block visibility, i.e., the map shows areas that cannot be served from this hublocation.

Sales Reference Tool: Hub visibility coverage maps are presented as a series of orthophoto gridmaps showing street names and footprints of buildings with LOS visibility. The grid maps provide aready reference for Sales Staff, identifying potential customer buildings that can be served from thishub location.

View Correlation and Proper Placement of Subscriber Antenna: The LOS Viewer quickly showscorrelation between aerial and horizon views. This permits the easy identification of viable locations formounting the subscriber antenna prior to visiting the client site.

RF Interference Sources: Paths to RF interference sources can be viewed on the horizon photos byinputting their site co-ordinates (latitude, longitude and elevation AMSL).

Use With RF Interference Programs: LOS coverage study data can be used to generate an

exportable 3D database of LOS buildings for use with RF interference programs

SUMMARY OF FEATURES AND BENEFITS

Process Overview With Sample Graphics

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