Process Flow Diagram (PFD) - portal.unimap.edu.myportal.unimap.edu.my/portal/page/portal30/Lecturer...
22
Process Flow Diagram (PFD) Miss Hanna Ilyani Zulhaimi Process Instrumentation ERT 213
Transcript of Process Flow Diagram (PFD) - portal.unimap.edu.myportal.unimap.edu.my/portal/page/portal30/Lecturer...
Process Flow Diagram (PFD) Miss Hanna Ilyani Zulhaimi
Process Instrumentation ERT 213
Outline � Process diagram/Flowsheeting
� Block Flow Diagram
� Process Flow Diagram
� Introduction to Microsoft Visio
Learning outcome: By the end of this lecture, students will be able to:
Ø Understand and interpret block flow diagram
Ø Analyze and demonstrate process flow diagram based on symbology
Ø To employ process flow diagram to Microsoft Visio Software
Valves In Industry
ISA Symbology
Process Flow Diagram (PFD)
Process & Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID)
Pump, Compressor, Fan & Blower
LEARNING FLOW
Roughly speaking, communication is paramount ~ As an Engineer, transfer the most amount of information with
the least amount of effort on the part of the reader
Introduction to Flowsheeting
Flowsheets are the pictorial representation of the process
GOAL: Transmit the most amount of information with the least amount of effort on the part of the reader
Type of Flowsheeting/Diagram � Block Diagram
� Material Flow Sheet
� Energy Flow Sheet
� Process Flow Diagram
� Information Flow Diagram
� Piping and Instrumentation Diagram
What is Block Flow Diagram? q It is the simplest flowsheet.
q Par,cularly useful in ini,al studies
q Useful to show interrela,on of streams
q Process engineer begins process design with a block diagram in which only the feed and product streams are iden7fied.
q The processes described in the BFD are then broken down into basic func,onal elements such as reac7on and separa7on sec7ons.
q Also iden,fy the recycle streams and addi7onal unit opera7ons to achieve the desired opera,ng condi,ons.
Reactor Gas Separator
Toluene, C7H8 10,000 kg/hr
Hydrogen H2 820 kg/hr
Mixed Liquid
75% Conversion of Toluene
Mixed Gas 2610 kg/hr
Benzene, C6H6 8,210 kg/hr
Reac,on : C7H8 + H2 C6H6 + CH4
Figure 1: Block Flow Diagram for the Produc7on of Benzene
C6H6
CH4
C7H8
Example 1:
BLOCK FLOW DIAGRAM (BFD)
Exersice 1 Ammonia-air mixture is feed to the bottom
stream of an absorber with flow rate of 10L/min. Water then feed to the upper stream of the same absorber with desired flow rate of 5L/min. There are two outputs from the absorber where upper stream is insoluble NH3 and bottom stream is NH3-Water mixture. This NH3-water mixture then feed up to a batch distillation column. The column produces ammonia gas as a top product which this product then will be condensate with a condenser to produce liquid ammonia. Develop Block Flow Diagram (BFD) for this process.
Process Flow Diagram (PFD) � Conveys the major processing steps represented by the
equipment Ø useful for conveying the heat and material balances Ø Useful for conveying major pieces of equipment Ø Useful for conveying processing conditions Ø Useful for conveying utilities
� There are no hard and fast rule but Howat Standards include: � Essentially every major pieces of equipment � Every flow stream � Every temperature � Every pressure � Utility flows � Process unit tagging and numbering
Major Pieces of Equipment
T-‐100
Dis7lla7on Column
Ethanol H2SO4
Ethylene Ethylene liq.
Ethane Ni Hydrogen
Cold water in
Hot water out
H2O
R-‐100
Reactor
E-‐100
Condenser
R-‐101
Reactor
R-‐100
T-‐100
E-‐100
R-‐101
P-‐100
Pump
P-‐101
Pump
P-‐100
P-‐101
V-‐100 V-‐101 V-‐102
V-‐103
V-‐104
V-‐105
V-‐106
V-‐107
CV-‐101 CV-‐100
Utility Streams
T-‐100
Dis7lla7on Column
Ethanol H2SO4
Ethylene Ethylene liq.
Ethane Ni Hydrogen
Cold water in
Hot water out
H2O
R-‐100
Reactor
E-‐100
Condenser
R-‐101
Reactor
R-‐100
T-‐100
E-‐100
R-‐101
P-‐100
Pump
P-‐101
Pump
P-‐100
P-‐101
V-‐100 V-‐101 V-‐102
V-‐103
V-‐104
V-‐105
V-‐106
V-‐107
CV-‐101 CV-‐100
Process Flow Streams Stream Numbering and Drawing
-‐ Number streams from le] to right as much as possible.
-‐ Horizontal lines are dominant.
Yes No No
Process Flow Streams � Stream Information (Operating conditions such as P, T, F)
Ø Since diagrams are small not much stream informa,on can be included. Ø Include important data – around reactors and towers, etc.
q Flags are used q Full stream data
Ø Details informa,on for each stream in PFD is represented in the table below the drawing.
1
2
3
4
5
6 7
8
11
9
10
12
13
600 24
24
300
Stream Informa7on -‐ Flag
600 Temperature
24 Pressure
10.3 Mass Flowrate
108 Molar Flowrate
Gas Flowrate
Liquid Flowrate
Process Flow Streams
25 28
35 32.2
35 31.0
38 20
T-‐100
Dis7lla7on Column
Ethanol
H2SO4
Ethylene Ethylene liq.
Ethane
Ni Hydrogen
Cold water in
Hot water out
H2O
R-‐100
Reactor
E-‐100
Condenser
R-‐101
Reactor
R-‐100
T-‐100
E-‐100
R-‐101
P-‐100
Pump
P-‐101
Pump
1
2 3
4 5
6
7 8
9
10
V-‐100
V-‐101 V-‐102
V-‐103
V-‐104
V-‐105
V-‐106
V-‐107
CV-‐100 CV-‐101
P-‐100
P-‐101
Stream Informa7on -‐ Flag
Stream Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Temperature (oC) 25.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 60.3 41 38 54 45.1
Pressure (psi) 28 32.2 31.0 31.0 30.2 45.1 31.3 24.0 39 2.6
Vapor fraction
Mass flow (tonne/hr) 10.3 13.3 0.82 20.5 6.41 20.5 0.36 9.2 20.9 11.6
Mole flow (kmol/hr) 108 114.2 301.0 1204.0
758.8 1204.4
42.6 1100.8
142.2 244.0
25 28
35 32.2
35 31.0
38 20
T-‐100
Dis7lla7on Column
Ethanol H2SO4
Ethylene Ethylene liq.
Ethane
Ni Hydrogen
Cold water in
Hot water out
H2O
R-‐100
Reactor
E-‐100
Condenser
R-‐101
Reactor
R-‐100
T-‐100
E-‐100
R-‐101
P-‐100
Pump
P-‐101
Pump
1
2 3
4 5
6
7 8
9
10
V-‐101 V-‐102
V-‐103
CV-‐100
V-‐100
V-‐104
V-‐105
V-‐106
V-‐107
CV-‐101
P-‐100
P-‐101
Stream Data Table
Process Equipment
General Format XX-YZZ A/B
XX are the identification letters for the equipment classification
C - Compressor or Turbine
E - Heat Exchanger
H - Fired Heater
P - Pump
R - Reactor
T - Tower
TK - Storage Tank
V - Vessel
Y - designates an area within the plant
ZZ - are the number designation for each item in an equipment class
A/B - identifies parallel units or backup units not shown on a
PFD Supplemental
Information
Additional description of equipment given on top of PFD
Process Unit Tagging & Numbering
T-‐100
Dis7lla7on Column
Ethanol
H2SO4
Ethylene Ethylene liq.
Ethane Ni Hydrogen
Cold water in
Hot water out
H2O
R-‐100
Reactor
E-‐100
Condenser
R-‐101
Reactor
R-‐100
T-‐100
E-‐100
R-‐101
P-‐100
Pump
P-‐101
Pump
P-‐100
P-‐101
V-‐100 V-‐101 V-‐102
V-‐103
V-‐104
V-‐105
V-‐106
V-‐107
CV-‐101 CV-‐100
Process Unit Tagging & Numbering
A/B LeYer
Example
Ethanol
H2SO4
Ethylene
Ethylene liq.
Ethane Ni
Hydrogen
Cold water in
Hot water out
H2O
P-‐100 A/B
In PFD
Ethylene
Ethylene liq.
Ethane
Ni
Hydrogen
Cold water in
Hot water out
H2O
P-‐100 A
P-‐100 B
In Real Plant
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM (PFD)
Ethanol
H2SO4
Thank you J
