Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on

LOWLAND TECHNOLOGY

International Association

of Low land Technology

10th ISLT 2016

September 15-17, 2016

Mangalore, India

Organized by

International Association of Lowland Technology (IALT) Department of Civil Engineering

National Institute of Technology Karnataka Surathkal, Mangalore, India and

Institute of Lowland and Marine Research (ILMR), Japan [Sponsored by: TEQIP II, NITK & ILMR, Japan]

Institute of Low land and

Marine Research (ILMR)

National Institute of Technology Karnataka Surathkal

I

ISLT 2016

Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium

on

LOWLAND TECHNOLOGY

September 15 -17, 2016 Mangalore, India

ORGANIZED BY:

International Association of Lowland Technology (IALT)

National Institute of Technology Karnataka (NITK)

Institute of Lowland and Marine Research (ILMR)

II

Proceedings of the International Symposium on

LOWLAND TECHNOLOGY 2016

PEER REVIEWED

Editors:

Dr. B.M. Sunil B.M. N.I.T.K. Surathkal

Prof. Subhash C Yaragal N.I.T.K. Surathkal

Prof. R. Shivashankar N.I.T.K. Surathkal

Prof. M.S. Mohan Kumar I.I.Sc Bangalore

III

International Symposium on Lowland Technology

ISLT 2016

Organizing Committee, Chairman: Prof. R. Shivashnakar (India)

Co-chair: Prof. M. S. Mohan Kumar (India)

Prof. R. Shivashnakar (India) Prof. Sanaga Srinivasulu (India)

Prof. M. S. Mohan Kumar (India) Prof. G. S. Dwarakish (India)

Prof. K. S. Babunarayan (India) Prof. K. Srinath Shetty (India)

Prof. KattaVenkataramana (India) Dr. J. Jayamohan (India)

Prof. Prasad Krishna (India) Dr. B. Manu (India)

Prof. S. Shrihari (India) Dr. Gangadhar Mahesh (India)

Prof. Sitaram Nayak (India) Mr. C. Karanth (India)

Prof. A. U. Ravi Shankar (India) Mr. K. Shresta Kumar (India)

Organizing Secretaries:

Prof. Subhash C. Yaragal and Dr. B. M. Sunil (India)

International Advisory Committee

Prof. H. Araki (Japan) Prof. Norihiko Miura (Japan)

Prof. Ikuo Towhata (Japan) Prof. Koichiro Ohgushi (Japan)

Prof. M. C. Alfaro (Canada) Prof. S-L Shen (China)

Prof. Jinchun Chai (Japan) Prof. L. Samang (Indonesia)

Prof. D. T. Bergado (Thailand) Prof. Torleiv Bilstad (Norway)

Prof. Chul-Hwan Koh (Korea) Prof. N. Mishima (Japan)

Prof. J. Ge (China) Dr. Azizul Maqsud (Japan)

Prof. T. Hino (Japan) Dr. O. Hoes (Netherlands)

Prof. S. Horpibulsuk (Thailand) Dr. S. Manandhar (Japan)

Prof. B. Indraratna (Australia) Dr. N. Vongthanasunthorn (Japan)

IV

Prof. Md. Alamgir (Bangladesh) Dr. C. D. Nguyen (Vietnam)

Prof. Krishna R. Reddy (USA) Dr. Yuichiro Mishima (Japan)

Prof. W. Liengcharernsit (Thailand) Mr. K. Ogata (Japan)

National Advisory Committee:

Prof. M. R. Madhav (India) Prof. D. N. Singh (India)

Prof. A. Srirama Rao (India) Prof. G. L. Sivakumar Babu (India)

Prof. A. Sridharan (India) Dr. R. Ramesh Babu (India)

Prof. V. Sundar (India) Dr. G. R. Reddy (India)

Prof. S. K. Prasad (India) Dr. Seelam Jayakumar (India)

Prof. K. Rajagopal (India) Dr. M. Bidasaria (India)

Prof. H. N. Ramesh (India) Dr. James (India)

Prof. J. T. Shahu (India) Dr. K. Balan (India)

V

We gratefully acknowledge the support extended by our sponsors

TEQIP-II @ NITK, SURATHKAL

INSTITUTE OF LOWLAND TECHNOLOGY AND MARINE RESEARCH (ILMR), JAPAN

SURATHKAL CHAPTER

INDIAN GEOTECHNICAL SOCIETY, SURATHKAL CHAPTER

M/s श्री GARODI STEELS

NAGORI, KANKANADY, MANGALURU

VI

Preface

The International Association of Lowland Technology (IALT) has been conducting International

symposia on Lowland Technology (ISLT) every two years since 1998. We are thankful to IALT for

assigning ISLT2016 to India, to be conducted at Mangalore. ISLT2016 is being organized and

hosted by the National Institute of Technology Karnataka (NITK) Surathkal, Mangalore, India,

with support from IISc Bangalore, India. This is the first time that ISLT will be held in India.

Earlier nine ISLTs have been conducted at Saga (Japan) [1998, 2000, 2002, 2006, 2010 and 2014],

Bangkok (Thailand) [2004], Busan (Korea) [2008] and in Bali (Indonesia) [2012]. NITK is

probably the only institution in India which can boast of its own beach.

ISLT is a biennial event which brings together all those involved with the problems of lowlands

such as engineers, scientists, planners, administrators etc. on a common platform to discuss and

evolve solutions to the problems. ISLT 2016 has six themes such as geotechnical/geo-

environmental engineering, water/environmental engineering, city urban planning and management,

coastal environment - science and engineering, remedial measures for lowland management,

ecological aspects and issues related to lowlands. We have tried to bring keynote speakers from all

the six themes to share their expertise. About one hundred papers were received and accepted and

are included in this proceedings. Papers are received from more than a dozen countries.

It gives me immense pleasure to welcome all to 10th ISLT at Mangalore. I wish all the delegates a

pleasant and memorable stay in Mangalore. I, on behalf of the organizing committee of ISLT2016,

thank profusely the main sponsorers of ISLT2016 namely TEQIP-II NITK and Institute of Lowland

and Marine Research (ILMR), Saga University, Japan

Prof. R. Shivashankar

Organizing Chair ISLT 2016

Professor of Civil Engineering

NITK Surathkal, Mangalore, India - 575025

VII

President’s Address

I am delighted to welcome all the members of the International Association of Lowland Technology

and participants of the 10th International Symposium on Lowland Technology being organized by

our prestigious National Institute of Technology, Surathkal. This symposium follows the very

successful ones held at Saga (several times), Busan, Bangkok and Bali. We have very fond

memories of our meet at Saga in 2014 ably organized by Prof. Araki and his team at ILMR

(Institute of Lowland and Marine Research). I am particularly delighted that the symposium has

come to India for the first time.

India too has a fairly long history of lowlands, their reclamation, development and urbanization

though not as well publicized and appreciated. The largest metropolis of India, Mumbai (earlier

known as Bombay) was built on seven islands of the Arabian Sea. The other two coastal metropolis,

Chennai and Kolkata were also built and developed from coastal lowlands/tidal areas. The famous

Marine Drive was reclaimed from the sea about hundred years ago. New Bombay was reclaimed in

the 1970s to cater to the ever increasing demands for land for commercial and housing. Several

such instances can be listed.

The importance of the topics being discussed at the symposium is of great importance and relevance

because of the increasing demand for land for industry and commerce and the impact of possible

climate change which possibly lead to sea level rise. Developmental aspects need to be assessed in

consonance with the environmental and sustainability issues. Engineers, scientists, administrators

and all others involved in the above topics should meet often or periodically to share their

experiences and concerns and arrive at acceptable and implementable solutions. The symposium is

one such platform.

The symposium is organized around six themes, viz., Geotechnical and Geo-environmental

Engineering, Water/Environmental Engineering, City, Urban Planning and Development, Coastal

Environment – Science and Engineering, Remedial Measures for Lowland Management and

Ecological aspects and issues related to lowlands. The symposium would have apart from the Miura

lecture by Prof. J C Chai, two plenary lectures on the second day and ten keynote lectures covering

the above topics and more. About eighty papers have been accepted from all over the world

reflecting the interest and enthusiasm of the researchers.

VIII

Once again we recognize and salute the founders of IALT, Prof 's Miura, Poorooshasb (sadly no

more with us), Hayashi, Kim, etc. for their vision and compliment the present team Prof. Araki,

Prof. Hino, Prof. Mishima, and the team led by Prof. R.Shivashankar, Yaragal, Sunil and Nayak of

NIT, Surathkal. We are also ably supported by Prof 's. Mohan Kumar of IISc and Srinivasulu of

JNTU.

Madhav Madhira, IIT & JNTU, Hyderabad

IX

List of Reviewers

The Editors would like to thank the following individuals for their assistance in refereeing

submitted papers for ISLT 2016.

Prof. R Shivashankar Dr. B M Sunil

Prof. S. Shrihari Dr. Anjana Bhasi

Prof. Sitaram Nayak Dr. A Gowri

Prof. K Swaminathan

Dr. Arun Kumar Thalla

Prof. D. Venkat Reddy

Dr. Basavaraju Manu

Prof. K S Babu Narayan

Dr. Devatha C P

Prof. KattaVenkataramana

Dr. Gangadhar Mahesh

Prof. Subhash C. Yaragal

Dr. B.B. Das

Prof. A.U. Ravi Shankar Dr. Rajasekaran C

X

CONTENTS

MIURA LECTURE

CONSOLIDATION ANALYSIS OF CLAY DEPOSITS WITH VERTICAL OR HORIZONTAL DRAINS

J.C. Chai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

PLENARY LECTURES

OBSERVATIONALLY-CONSTRAINED FLOOD FORECASTING IN LOWLAND AREAS

J.P Walker, S. Grimaldi, Y. Li, and V. Pauwels.................................................................................................................15

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENT OF GEO-DISASTERS DUE TO CLIMATE CHANGE: FROM

MOUNTAINS TO LOWLANDS

D.T. Bergado, S. Artidteang ,P. Voottipruex and T. Hino.................................................................................................16

KEYNOTE LECTURES

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF URBAN ROADS BUILT IN LOWLAND ENVIRONMENT

U.K.Guru Vittal and P.S.Prasad............................................................................................................................. ...........31

BEHAVIOR OF GEOCELL-REINFORCED GRANULAR BASE UNDER REPEATED LOADING

G L Sivakumar Babu, Lekshmi Suku, and Sudheer S Prabhu...........................................................................................37

PERFORMANCE OF GEOSYNTHETIC REINFORCEMENT ON SUBGRADE FAILURE AND SETTLEMENT

RESPONSE OF TRACKS LAID ON SOFT SUBGRADE

J.T. Shahu and S. Chawla............................................................................................................................. ......................50

BEARING REINFORCMENT EARTH WALL WITH COHESIVE-FRICTIONAL SOIL BACKFILLS:

LABORATORY AND NUMERICAL SIMULATION

S. Horpibulsuk, K.Sukmak and P. Sukamk............................................................................................ .............................56

RIVER BASIN MANAGEMENT IN RELATION TO THE WISE USE OF WETLANDS: CASE STUDIES FROM

INDIAN SUBCONTINENT

E. J. James............................................................................................................................. .............................................64

WETLANDS OF DAKSHINA KANNADA DISTRICT - WHATS HAPPENING? A. V. Hegde and S. M. Cherian............................................................................................................................. .............72

URBAN DESIGN ATTEMPTS WITH COMMUNITY FOR A RESILIENT TRADITIONAL LOCAL TOWN IN

LOWLAND

Nobuo Mishima............................................................................................................................. ..................................77-a

LOWLANDS AND GROUNDWATER: EMERGING ISSUES IN INDIA

Sekhar, M.............................................................................................................................. ..........................................77-b

PALEOCLIMATE FROM ENVIRONMENTAL MAGNETIC STUDIES OF SEDIMENT CORES

R Shankar, C N Prabhu, A. K. Warrier, KSandeepand S. B. Shetty...............................................................................77-c

ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS AND ISSUES RELATED TO COASTAL LOWLANDS

Baban Ingole............................................................................................................................. .....................................77-j

XI

PART 1

GEOTECHNICAL AND GEOENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

EFFECT OF NATURAL FIBERS IN BLACK COTTON SOIL

Abdul Mujeeb and Sowmya N.J…………………………………………………………………………………..............78

A STUDY ON LATERITE SOIL STABILIZED WITH WASTE TYRE

B. A. Akshatha, C. G. Darshan and N. J. Sowmya……………………………………………………………….............84

INFLUENCE OF HYDRAULIC GRADIENT ON THE BEHAVIOUR OF STRIP FOOTING RESTING ON

COHESIONLESS SOIL

Anjali.U.J, Aiswarya Sreenivasan, Athira.S, Renju.D.R and Jayamohan.J………………………………………...........89

INFLUENCE OF GRADATION OF FILL MATERIAL ON THE BEHAVIOUR OF GEOCELL MATTRESS

Aparna S, Jayamohan Jayaraj and Aswathy Sasikumar……………………………………………………....................95

STIFFNESS EFFECT ON INSTABILITY OF SLIDING SLOPE

Bala Padmaja S, G. V. Narasimha Reddy and Saibaba Reddy E…………………………………………………........101

SLOPE STABILITY STUDIES OF EXCAVATED SLOPES IN LATERITIC FORMATIONS, INCLUDING

EROSION STUDIES ON LITHOMARGIC CLAYS

Biji Chinnamma Thomas, K. T. Krishnanunni, R. Shivashankar and D Venkat Reddy…………………………...........107

STRESSES AND DISPLACEMENT RESPONSE OF GEOSYNTHETIC REINFORCED RAILWAY TRACK

S. Chawla and J.T. Shahu……………………………………………………………………………………….............114

STRENGTH CHARACTERISTIC OF SOFT SOIL WITH BACTERIA ACTIVATION

Hasriana, Lawalenna Samang, Natsir Djide, and Tri Harianto…………………………………………………..........120

INFLUENCE OF ZYCOSOIL ON CONSOLIDATION, SHEAR STRENGTH CHARACTERISTICS AND

PERMEABILITY OF CLAYEY SUBGRADE

Jayatheja. Muktinutalapati, Darga Kumar. Nandyala and Shiva Prashanth Kumar. Kodicherla………......................125

EFFECTS OF RELATIVE DENSITY AND PRESTRESS ON THE SHEAR STRENGTH PARAMETERS OF

REINFORCED SOIL

J. Jayamohan, A. Anjali and K.P. Rajeev……………………………………………………………………….............130

STUDIES ON THE LOAD TRANSFER MECHANISM ALONG THE LENGTH OF PILES

Lakshmi. R. S, Vandana.S Aswathy. S, Anjana. S. Nair, Swetha. P and Jayamohan……………………….................136

CONSOLIDATION OF SOFT CLAY IMPROVED WITH PVD IN LABORATORY AND FIELD CONDITIONS

Le Gia Lam, Sanjay Kumar Shukla, Takenori Hino and Sanaga Srinivasulu……………………………….................142

HYDRAULIC PARAMETERS OF A WEATHERED MYLONITE FAULT

Xiao-Xue Liu, Shui-Long Shen and Suksun Horpibulsuk………………………………………………….....................148

STUDIES ON GEOTECNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BLACK COTTON SOIL STABILIZED WITH STONE

DUST AND FIBRE

Manu.A.N and Sowmya N. J……………………………………………………………………………….....................155

A STUDY ON GEO-ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION OF YAMAGUCHI BAY TIDAL FLAT, JAPAN

M. Azizul Moqsud, K. Omine, Muzamir Hasan and Sato Koki…………………………………………........................160

XII

NUMERICAL MODELLING OF CONTAMINANT TRANSPORT IN SOIL

Jayatheja Muktinutalapati, and Venkata Charan Vakkalagadda……………………………………………………....165

EFFECT OF FACING ON THE SETTLEMENT OF THE MECHANICALLY STABILISED EARTH (MSE)

EMBANKMENT

Nayana.N. Patil, H.M. RajashekaraSwamy and R.Shivashankar……………………………………………............…174

PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF MANDUR LANDFILL LEACHATE AND ITS POTENTIAL

THREATS

B.P. Naveen, P.V. Sivapullaiah and T. G. Sitharam………………………………………………………..................180

A STUDY ON STABILISATION OF LITHOMARGIC SOIL WITH GGBS AND LIME

D. Nayak, P.G. Sarvade, J B Pai, D. Desai, N. Kurtarkar, Shubham…………………………………………..............186

ANALYSIS OF TWO PILE GROUP SUBJECTED TO MOMENT LOADING

Padmavathi, M, Padmavathi, V and Madhav, M. R………………………………………………………....................192

ANALYSIS OF AN EMBANKMENT ON SOFT CONSOLIDATING SOIL WITH LIME COLUMNS

M Prasanna Kumar and A Krishnamoorthy…………………………………………………………………............…199

BENEFICIAL USE OF RECYCLED AGGREGATES AND WASTE RUBBER SHREDS IN DRAINAGE LAYER

OF LANFILLS

Prateek Pranab, B.M. Sunil and Subhash C Yaragal.......................................................................................................203

SETTLEMENT ANALYSIS OF PILE SUPPORTED EMBANKMENTS

Radhika. M. Patel, B. R. Jayalekshmi and R. Shivashankar…………………………………………………..............209

BEHAVIOUR OF CLAY REINFORCED WITH GEOGRID ENCAPSULATED IN THIN LAYER OF SAND

Rugmini. A, Aarathi Krishna.V, Archana.C.Anand, Anciya Fazal.R and Jayamohan.J………………………..............215

CHARACTERIZATION AND ANALYSIS OF HYDRAULIC PROPERTIES OF SOIL

S. Prasanna……………………………………………………………………………………………………...............221

STRENGTH CHARACTERISTIC OF FERRO LATERITE SOIL WITH LIME STABILIZATION AS SUBGRADE

MATERIAL

Zubair Saing, Lawalenna Samang, Tri Harianto and Johannes Patanduk…………………………………….............228

EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF REINFORCED STONE COLUMNS IN BLACK COTTON SOIL

Shweta.Yavagal and Rajat.Vaidya……………………………………………………………………………...............234

SILTY CLAY ON QUICK LIME STABILIZATION WITH GUM ROSIN AND IRON OXIDE ACTIVATION

Sofwan, Lawalenna Samang, Tri Harianto and Dan Achmad Bakri Muhiddin………………………………...............240

A REVIEW ON GEOTECHNICAL APPLICATIONS OF EXPANDED POLYSTYRENE

Soundara B and Suganya A……………………………………………………………………………………..............244

FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF GEOGRID REINFORCED PILED EMBANKMENTS UNDER TRAFFIC

LOAD

Sreelekshmy. S, Radhika.M.Patel, B. R. Jayalekshmi and R. Shivashankar…………………………………..............250

EFFECT OF NONWOVEN SYNTHETIC GEOTEXTILE ON CBR VALUE OF CLAYEY SOIL

R. Srivastava, S. Shukla, R.P. Tiwari and A. Mittal………………………………………………………….................256

INFLUENCE OF UNDERGROUND VOID ON THE LOAD-SETTLEMENT BEHAVIOUR AND INTERNAL

STRESS DISTRIBUTION OF A REINFORCED FOUNDATION BED

Thasneem Shajahan, Jayamohan J and Aswathy Sasikumar…………………………………………...........................261

XIII

INFLUENCE OF GEOSYNTHETICS AND GRANITE WASTE IN THE SOIL

R.Thirumalai, S.Gobinath and S.Suresh Babu H. Abdul Hameed……………………………………………...............268

ANALYSIS OF DISPLACEMENTS OF GPA IN NORMALLY CONSOLIDATED SOFT CLAY

B. Vidyaranya and M.R. Madhav…………………………………………………………………………….................275

SOFT GROUND IMPROVEMENT USING SOIL CEMENT JET GROUTING IN THAILAND: OVERVIEW

Panich Voottipruex and Chairat Teerawattanasuk.................................................................................................... ......281

PART 2

CITY/URBAN PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT

VALUE OF DAMAGES COLLECTOR ROAD TOWN KENDARI-INDONESIA CRITERIA BASED TRAFFIC

DAILY AVERAGE AND TYPE OF DAMAGE

Siti Nurjanah Ahmad, Lawalenna Samang, Tri Harianto, Muralia Hustim……………………………………............289

ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK BASED WATER NETWORK STATE ESTIMATION TOOL FOR

BANGALORE INFLOW SYSTEM

Anjana G R, K R Sheetal Kumar, Justin S Payan, and M S Mohan Kumar…………………………………….............296

SEISMIC RESPONSE ANALYSIS OF RC-SHEAR WALL BUILDINGS NEAR COASTAL AREAS

Chinmayi H.K. and Jayalekshmi B.R…………………………………………………………………………..............303

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT LANDSCAPING APPROACH IN A TRADITIONAL AREA FROM

THE PERSPECTIVE OF ARCHITECTURAL INSERTION

M.R. Derbel, Y. Sumida and N. Mishima……………………………………………………………………….............309

ASSESSMENT OF PUBLIC OPEN SPACE ON THE KAMPUNG LOS SETTLEMENT AT THE COASTAL AREA

IN MALALAYANG

P.P. Egam, A.H. Thambas and M.M. Rengkung………………………………………………………………..............317

ANALYSIS OF DYNAMICITY OF URBAN LANDSCAPE USING SATELLITE DATA

Gaurav Nayak, Ashwin. S. Prabhu, Vishwanatha Bhat and Prajwal.M…………………………………………..........325

GEOGRAPHIC FACTORS AFFECTING TO REAR-END CRASH ON URBAN AREA

P. Glinsopon, T. Inohae…………………………………………………………………………………………............331

LOCATION PLANNING OF TEMPORARY EVACUATION AREAS ANALYSIS FOR DISASTER PREVENTION

TOWN CONSIDERING PROBABILITY OF RUBBLE FLOW AND PROBABILITY OF STREET BLOCKADE

Yutaro Hidaka, and Nobuo Mishima………………………………………………………………………………........336

IMPROVING THE SPATIAL RESOLUTION OF MULTISPECTRAL IMAGERY

Jagalingam. Pushparaj, Arkal Vittal. Hegde……………………………………………………………………...........342

MODELING THE HYDRAULIC RELIABILITY OF A MEGA CITY WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

Usha Manohar and M. S. Mohan Kumar……………………………………………………………………….............347

A STUDY ON COLONIAL GRID PATTERN CITY IN TROPICAL ZONE CONSIDERING URBAN

MORPHOLOGY VIEIWING FROM SHADING ASPECT

Khaing Myin Mo and Nobuo Mishima…………………………………………………………………………….........359

XIV

GROWING RESIDENTIAL BUILT DENSITY IN DHAKA - IT'S CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES: A CASE

STUDY OF KAZIPARA, MIRPUR (CUPM-10)

M.W.H. Nipun, A. N. Kakon, S. M. N. Hossain and N. Mishima…………………………………………….................365

ANALYSIS OF LOW VOLUME ROADS UNDER SUBMERGED CONDITION

Ravi Shankar A.U and B. A. Priyanka………………………………………………………………………….............373

THE URBAN SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL ASSESSMENT BY THE STUDY OF URBAN

CENTRALITY ANALYSIS

S. Siewwuttanagul, T. Inohae and N. Mishima………………………………………………………………….............379

EVACUATION AND FLOOD SIMULATIONS IN LOWLAND AREA INCLUDING EMBANKMENT

M. Toshihiro and K. Ohgushi……………………………………………………………………………………...........385

PART 3

COASTAL ENVIRONMENT SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

HYDROGEOMORPHIC RESPONSES OF RIVER DYNAMICS ON LOWLAND - AN EXAMPLE FROM

VENKATAPURA WATERSHED, KARNATAKA

Praveen G. Deshbhandari and Krishnaiah. C…………………………………………………………………….........392

DEVELOPMENT OF LAGOON TYPE OF HARBOR BASIN ALONG LOW COASTAL LANDS WITH FLAT SEA

BED SLOPES AND SOFT SOILS

Jagadeesh H. B, Geetha Kuntoji, Subba Rao and Prashanth. J……………………………………………………......398

A STUDY ON SUBMERGED REEF USING SVM TECHNIQUE

J.S Jithin, Geetha Kuntoji,Manu, Subba Rao and S. Mandal …………………………………………………….........404

APPLICATIONS OF ANN IN BREAKWATERS – A REVIEW

S. Kundapura and A. V. Hegde………………………………………………………………………………….............409

FLOODING DISASTERS INDUCED BY HEAVY RAINS ON MAY 10, 2016 IN GUANGZHOU, CHINA

Hai-Min Lv, Shui-Long Shen, Takenori Hino and Gang Li……………………………………………………….........414

GEO-POLYMER SEA SAND CUBES FILLED GABIONS FOR PREVENTING SEA EROSION

Shriram Marathe, N Bhavani Shankar Rao, Umashankar Shetty…………………………………………………........419

COASTAL INUNDATION STUDY USING REMOTE SENSING

B Nithyapriya and G S Dwarakish………………………………………………………………………………….......425

LARGE SCALE MODELING OF COASTAL AQUIFERS: A CASE STUDY

B.N. Priyanka, M.S.M. Kumar and M. Amai………………………………………………………………………........430

APPLICATION OF SYNTHETIC UNIT HYDROGRAPH TO DETERMINE FLOOD DISCHARGE ALONG THE

TIDAL INLETS OF KARNATAKA COASTLINE

Amarnatha Reddy N Jaya Kumar Seelam, Subba Rao and M K Nagaraj …………………………………………......437

TEXTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF COASTAL SEDIMENTS ALONG UDUPI COAST, WEST COAST OF

INDIA

P. G, Sarvade, J. B, Pai, Dwarakish.G.S, Rahul Abhishek, Rahul Sodhani and Sanket Samal …………………….....446

TIDAL SWAMPLAND MODELING USING REMOTE SENSING TECHNOLOGY AND GIS TO DETERMINE

HYDROTOPOGRAPHY ZONE (CASE STUDY: KALIMANTAN PULAU PETAK DELTA)

Ferry Sobatnu, Achmad Rusdiansyah, Mahmud..............................................................................................................453

XV

CFD-3D MODELING OF LOCAL SCOUR AROUND CIRCULAR PIER WITH REEF3D

Sreedhara B M,Manu and S Mandal ……………………………………………………………………………….......459

STUDIES ON SLIDING STABILITY OF EMERGED SEASIDE PERFORATED SEMICIRCULAR BREAKWATER

Sreejith K U and Arkal Vittal Hegde ……………………………………………………………………………….......464

SOIL-STRUCTURE INTERACTION OF A COMPOSITE DIAPHRAGM WALL

B.Yajnheswaran and Subba Rao………………………………………………………………………………..........469

PART 4

WATER AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

THE EXAMINATION SPREADING OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN CONCENTRATION RELATION WITH PADDLE

WHEEL POSITION AND DIRECTION IN SHRIMP POND BY NUMERICAL MODEL OF WATER QUALITY (A

CASE STUDY OF WATER ACID SULFATE)

Achmad Rusdiansyah and Maya Amalia ………………………………………………………………………….........476

OPTIMIZING WATER USE EFFICIENCY WITH ICT TOOLS

A. G. Matani ………………………………………………………………………………………………………........482

AIR POLLUTION MODELING ENHANCING ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES AND DECISION MAKING

A. G. Matani ………………………………………………………………………………………………………........486

A STUDY ON ADSORPTION ABILITY OF A NEW TYPE OF NANO-SIZED LAYERED DOUBLE HYDROXIDE

FOR PHOSPHORUS SOLUTION

Y. Mishima, W. Pongkarn, S. Juengjarennirathoron and H. Araki ……………………………………………….........490

THE EVALUATION ON IRON AND MANGANESE REMOVAL IN NATURAL WATER RESOURCE BY USING

A NEW HYBRID ADSORBENT

W. Pongkarn, S. Juengjarernnirathorn, Y. Mishima and H. Araki ……………………………………………….........495

ROOFTOP RAINWATER HARVESTING FOR NITK SURATHKAL CAMPUS: A CASE STUDY

Prasad.J.S, Bharath.A, Sukesh.H.G, Vinay Raj. R, Subhash C.Yaragal and B. M Sunil.................................................501

INTEGRATED GROUND WATER STUDIES IN A PART OF KRISHNA BASIN NEAR ALAMATTI RESERVOIR

USING GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Veena.S.Sorganvi and Gururaj.H.B ………………………………………………………………………………........510

PART 5

REMEDIAL MEASURES FOR LOWLAND MANAGEMENT

ESTIMATION OF ACTUAL EVAPOTRANSPIRATION AND ITS SEASONAL VARIATION IN KASE RIVER

BASIN

P. Pokhrel and K.Ohgushi ………………………………………………………………………………………...........516

ASSESSMENT OF DROUGHT FOR MITIGATION

B M Thajuddin Ubaid, .Beeran Moidin B.M……………………………………………………………………............523

453

10th International Symposium on Lowland Technology

September 15-17, 2016 at Mangalore, India

TIDAL SWAMPLAND MODELING USING REMOTE SENSING TECHNOLOGY AND GIS TO DETERMINE HYDROTOPOGRAPHY ZONE

(Case Study: Kalimantan Pulau Petak Delta)

Ferry Sobatnu1*, Achmad Rusdiansyah2, Mahmud3

ABSTRACT: Swampland development means changing the swampland in such a way that a new environment suitable

for developing agriculture cultivation and settlement is created. The land development may use remote sensing

technology and geography information system (GIS) to make digital elevation model (DEM). The model making

applied interpretation method and image rectification by using irregular interpolation in each image pixel hue shade and

referred to representative data in the field. The hydrotopography zones were obtained by analyzing comparative land

model toward water level elevation components. The modeling result showed Pulau Petak delta land characteristic was

formed from two big rivers, namely the 139.58 km long Barito River and the 120.30 km long Murung – Kapuas River.

The level limit was 18 clusters with a maximum height of +4 meter and a minimum height reached -18 meter about

mean sea level. The wide area was 284.936,81 ha and the circumference was 298.04 km. The land topography relief

was relatively flat. The flooded area during a high tide based on hydrotopography zone section for zone A reached 35%

with water level of 0.39 meter, for zone B reached 61% with the water level of 0.96 meter and for zone C reached 4%

with water level of 1.32 meter. Another purpose of the model is to create data-based management system of irrigation

network of Pulau Petak. This model has been validated in the field and the result was satisfying.

Keywords: Pulau Petak Delta, Hydrotopography, DEM, Remote Sensing, GIS, Swampland.

1 Lector, Polytechnic Banjarmasin, Brigjend. H.Hasan Basri of Street, South Kalimantan, sobatnu@yahoo.com 2 Lector, University of Lambung Mangkurat, Brigjend. H.Hasan Basri of Street, South Kalimantan, achmadrusdiansyah@ymail.com 3 Lector, University of Lambung Mangkurat, Brigjend. H.Hasan Basri of Street, South Kalimantan, mahmudratu@yahoo.com

Tidal Swampland Modeling

454

INTRODUCTION

Research activities in the engineering development of

wetlands and swamp land reclamation work always cannot

be separated from the purpose of information such as

topography and land hidrotopografi as a target (object). To

get good information then, one must use data collection

methods are good also. One way to obtain data Digital

elevation model (DEM) at this time is with the use of

remote sensing technology and GIS (geography

information system) as an example interferometry SAR

(synthetic aperture radar) is one of the algorithms to make

DEM data. Radar imagery is used in the process of

interferometry derived from SRTM satellite (the Shuttle

Radar Topographic mission) with mission to create digital

topographic data. Prahasta (2008). A common method

used to collect data is to survey terrestrial topography.

This method is said to be in some literature as the

conventional method of financing and risks are very high

field. Thought is the reason to develop data collection

methods, in order to obtain information about the earth's

surface by using remote sensing and GIS technologies in

building a digital elevation model that can analyze

hidrotopografi zone on wetlands.

FORMULATION

How is the process of creating digital elevation models

using remote sensing technology that is oriented towards

the data representative of the field?

How to analyze the zoning hidrotopografi swamp land

Pulau Petak by utilizing digital elevation models and tidal

value by using GIS (geography infomation system)?

PURPOSE AND RESEARCH OBJECTIVES

Purpose of this research is the modeling of tidal swamp

land Pulau Petak based remote sensing and GIS

technology. The purpose of this study was to obtain

hidrotopografi zone based modeling of land surface

elevation of the water surface elevation on the analysis of

tidal and making database management system existing

irrigation networks in land Pulau Petak.

BENEFITS OF RESEARCH

1. Being an alternative method to conduct a study on the

characteristics and the phenomenon of tidal marsh

land.

2. The availability of a major component in the

development of the spatial database management

system (DBMS) in the management of the swamp land

Delta Pulau Petak.

3. Availability of metadata swamp land Delta Pulau Petak

are useful in performing design (engineered)

infrastructure and land reclamation shape the future.

METHODOLOGY

1. Assumptions

Technology developed the concept pengideraan far as

the observation of the earth and its natural resources,

including wetlands. This study starts from the idea to

conduct a study of the swamp land delta pulau petak to

create digital elevation models oriented towards the

data representation (specimen) field.

2. Object Research

Selection of the specific object of research aimed at the

study of swamp land in Indonesia, namely that the

swamp on the island of Borneo that are in the Barito

River and river estuaries Murung-kapuas and form a

delta. These areas included in the category due to tidal

swamp land still affected by sea water intrusion.

3. Data Collection

This study shows a series of surveys in the field is still

required as reference data acquisition (reference).

Activity topography measurements on a small

proportion of the land pulau petak on the representative

value, in this case the chosen location is the estuary

area of the primary channels Tabunganen unit area of

4,5 hectares and Anjir Serapat. Measurement methods

generally implement standardization of topographic

mapping. Bathymetry survey was also conducted at the

same location is the primary channel Tabunganen unit.

This activity aims to get basic water depth value as a

reference. Applied techniques that sounding using echo

acoustic.

4. Analysis

Studies referred to in the form of swamp land elevation

analysis using digital models of the water level of tidal

analysis results to produce new information in the form

of zoning land hidrotofografi.

5. Framework

The preparation of a framework in reviewing

hidrotopografi swamp land using remote sensing

technology systematically as shown in Figure 1.

Sobatnu, et al.

455

Fig.1 Framework Study of Swamp Land Hidrotopografi Using

Remote Sensing Technology

RESEARCH RESULT

Overall description of the systematic modeling that has

been created and run is divided into four stages. The aim

of this systematic writing as a reference or a framework

that can be applied to study other wetlands region.

Classification point height pixel interpretation of satellite

imagery were 18 clusters, the maximum height were found

to be at an elevation of 4 meters and a minimum height

found reaching -18 meters. This classification serves as a

ground elevation in determining the size limits land

hidrotopografi zone. Table 1 below shows the results of

the classification of land elevation point of the pulau

petak.

Table 1 List Point Elevation Classification Results

Interpretation Pixel Image Pulau Petak

No. Elevation

(m)

Number

of point

No.

Elevation

(m)

Number

of point

1 4 1.297 10 -4 5.888

2 3 4.935 11 -5 2.944

3 3,5 1.916 12 -6 2.803

4 2 6.701 13 -8 1.480

5 1 6.651 14 -10 393

6 -0,5 2.944 15 -12 394

7 -1 2.944 16 -14 383

8 -2 2.944 17 -16 378

9 -3 2.944 18 -18 372

Total 48.311

DEM digital elevation modeling results show the

reliefs of the swamp land delta pulau petak clearly

invitation degradation of the color change can be adjusted

(meet cartographic elements). Figure 2 clearly visible

region or the flow path of water through irrigation

channels that have been made to areas not flooded.

Fig. 2 Results Interpretation DEM Pixel Image Pulau

Petak

Characteristics of swamp land pulau petak according

landscape is an area of tidal marsh. The model shows the

results span distance horizontally from the south-west

(SW) towards the north-east (NE) is more than 100

kilometers and a vertical distance reaches a height of 4

meters above the water surface average so with the

assumption that value then the slope is calculated linearly

is 4x10-3 or (0.004%). Meanwhile, from the north-west

(NW) towards the south-east (SE) pulau petak topography

is relatively flat. Land area reached 2849.37 km2 or

284,936.81 hectares with a distance of 298.04 km

circumference. Measured span length of 104 km island

with the landscape at the coast reached 32 km. Barito river

length that covers the land reached 139.58 km and the

length of the river moody which includes land reached

120.30 km.

This study observed tides at three points on the Barito

River region. Analysis harmony tidal components using

the least squares method. The results of harmonic analysis

is used as a component of determining the vertical

reference datum height of the water surface elevation clear

away land surface. Table 2 below shows the results of the

calculation of the three stations.

Tidal Swampland Modeling

456

Table 2. Average Value Pulau Petak Vertical Datum

DATUM Barito

Muara

Tabung

anen

Maraba

han Average

Delta

MSL

[ HAT ] 260,65 359,01 217,9 279,19 132,61

[ MHWS ] 223,68 320,56 184,7 242,98 96,40

[ MHWL ] 161,28 259,96 135,5 185,58 39,00

[ MSL ] 130,01 179,63 130,1 146,58 0,00

[ MLWL ] 98,74 99,3 124,7 107,58 -39,00

[ MLWS ] 36,34 38,7 75,5 50,18 -96,40

[ LAT ] -0,63 0,25 42,3 13,97 -

132,61

Unit centimeter (cm), MHWS (Main Hight Water

Spring), MHWL (Main Hight Water Lowerst),

MLWL (Main Low Water Lowerst), MLWS (Main

Low Water Spring)

The average results of the vertical datum is used as a

reference for spatial analysis pulau petak in classifying

zone or region category hidrotopografi against the value of

water level. The mean water level (MSL) is at 146.58

centimeters rounded up to 1.5 meters, water levels mean

high tide (MHW) reached 214.28 centimeters rounded up

to 2.14 meters high and low water levels recede mean

(MLW) 78, 88 centimeters rounded up to 0.79 meters,

while the value Formzal (F) can be understood to have the

type of tide is a mixture with a single daily tendency. This

can be understood in terms of connotations equation used

the average value is the water level,

1. MAR = MSL

2. MHW = 0.5 x (MHWS + MHWL)

3. MLW = 0.5 x (MLWL + MLWS)

Based on the literature Direktorat Rawa (1992), Rifani

(1998), Chandrawidjaja (2011), then, the results of the

analysis indicate hidrotopografi swamp land pulau petak

include three categories (zones), namely A, B and C.

Analysis of dynamic changes in water level at the top land

surface can be done with the availability of digital

elevation models. Figure 3 shows a visualization analysis

water level changes that propagate on the surface of the

land. On the position of the water level reaches a height of

2.5 meters wide overflow region reached 35%, and the

position of the water level reaches a height of 3.5 meters

wide overflow region reaches 96% of the total area as

shown in Table 3.

Table 3. Analysis Hidrotopografi Zone Pulau Petak

(a) = 0 meter

(b) = 2,5 meter

Sobatnu, et al.

457

(c) = 3,5 meter

Fig.3 Analysis of Overflow Water on Surface Land

Pulau Petak

Verification results showed a same hue pixel color in

DEM with the reality in the field shows the characteristics

of the land is naturally at elevations above 2.5 meters to 6

meters from the mean water level, which means it is in

zone B and C. Plain rice fields in the area concerned can

only be overflow rainwater instantaneous or through the

engineering process flow irrigation in paddy fields, while

the distance to the surface of the soil surface groundwater

that may occur in the tertiary channels is 20 till 30

centimeters and the water level can reach 50 centimeters as

shown in Figure 4.

Fig. 4 Verify the Field Zone C Distance Groundwater

50 cm

Results inventory infrastructure irrigation networks and

the networks of existing streams digitally process is

carried out with the help of computers using the technique

of digitization on a screen that is the process of converting

raster data into vector data. The benefits of the availability

of digital maps of irrigation networks in a single unit for

the manufacture of this is database management system

Petak island thus providing advantages in management on

an ongoing basis is the ability to perform additional GIS

updating and editing adjustments or changes to any object

or attribute spatial digitally. Addition, the device can

perform arithmetic analysis based tabulation value

contained within each spatial data. Figure 5 and Table 4

shows the DBMS Delta Pulau Petak.

Fig. 5 DBMS Delta Pulau Petak

Table 4. Primary Irrigation Network Data Base Pulau

Petak

As one of the fittings of data to take a decision in the

framework of the engineering management of the swamp

land, Pulau Petak database management system capable of

printing and publishing maps as shown in Figure 6.

Fig. 6 Map of Delta Pulau Petak

20 - 30 cm

50 cm

Tidal Swampland Modeling

458

1. Excess Model

a. Metadata modeling results is a list of the

coordinates of the point spread (vector data) across

the delta pulau petak region calibrated, so that this

data can be used to design the engineering technical

planning of the swamp land delta pulau petak,

macro and micro for a variety of themes and other

purposes.

b. Land Model is a mathematical model created

digitally, so it can be used as the basic simulation in

analyzing the propagation of water into the canal

and the land surface overflow.

c. Model of land can be used as a digital base map so

useful as a source database management delta pulau

petak.

2. Weakness Model

a. The model made specifically for tidal swamp land.

b. Sources of primary data, satellite imagery used is

the archive of the open source. Satellite imagery

with the latest acquisition and is the premium will

provide better accuracy.

c. The nature of the two main components of the

modeling that is, the surface elevation of land and

water surface elevation are dynamic or subject to

change, so that hidrotopografi zones that have been

made should always adjust the changes in the land

CONCLUSION

Results of modeling memperlihatakan characteristic

delta pulau petak is made up of two major rivers that

enveloped namely, Barito river and Kapuas-Murung

river. Land area of 284,936.81 ha with a distance of

298.04 km circumference. Relief appearance of

relatively flat topography, slope linearly reach 4x10-3

or (0.004%). Has a height of 18 clusters with a

maximum elevation of the ground surface 4 meters

away from the mean water level. Type tide is a

tendency to mix with a single daily value of vertical

datum that is, the position of the mean water level of

1.5 meters, a mean high tide water level 2.14 meters

and the water level reaches a low ebb average of 0.79.

The results of the analysis hidrotopografi obtain three

classifications, namely zones, zone A land area

overflow reach (35%), Zone B land area overflow

reach (61%) and Zone C land area overflow reach

(96%).

The data base management system irrigation delta

pulau petak is a blend of spatial data and attribute

data. Topological spatial objects representing each of

which consists of, the boundaries of the pulau petak,

rivers, irrigation networks and village and

hidrotopografi zone analysis results.

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