TEII ME AND I LL FORGET ,SHOW ME AND I MAY REMEMBER, BUT INVOLVE ME AND I LL UNDERSTAND CHINESE PROVERB

ITS NOT APROBLEM THAT WE HAVE A PROBLEM .ITS A PROBLEM IF WE DONT DEAL WITH THE PROBLEM

PROBLEM SOLVING SCIENCE OR ART???y SCIENCEy MATH y PHYSICS y CHEMISTRY y MECHANICS y EQUATIONS

y ART & CRAFTy EXPERIENCE y INTUATION y COMMON SENSE y KNOW-HOW

Problem solving stepsy Recognize that there is a problem y Identify the problem y Search the alternatives y Choose among the alternatives y Implement your solution y Follow up

Techniques for recognizing the problemy Comparison y Monitor for weak signals y Listing complaints y Comparison the current performance with the past

performance y checklist

AskyWho? yWhat? yWhere? yHow?

Techniques for identifying the problemy Talking to others y Consensus building y Why-why technique

Pr

l

stat

t

y The statement should be clear , brief, to the point y Including the key rationale why it should be solved

Cre tive problem solvingy Definition:

y

creative problem solving- is looking at the same thing as everyone else and thinking something different

Exercise

Techniques to generate a solution

yBrainstorming yConsensus yMultivoting yMind mapping

Choose among the alternati ey Is it realistic? y Is it work? y You are on the track? y Is it practical? y How cost effective is it? y Easy to implement? y Applicable or not?

Focus on the goaly Aaaaaaafasdasdafdfsasdafsasasasgsghsdhshdgfhgsdfsd

fhsgdf think ashdjahjsdhjasdfsdffffffff jjdjjjdjdjjdjjdjdjjdjdjdjjddjdjjdjdjooooooooowoekslkdls kdasdadyyyyyyyyy yyyyyyyyyyyyyyaa kksklldfoutyyyyyyyaaaaaakjaksjkajdu4sjjdjd hythalaklakskp2p42o;sdllsddsldjsjdhsjdsldjjfk jskddh of the book sjffsfggfgfgfgfgfgfgf.

Implementation the solutiony Allocate the resources y Steps of implementation y Set dead lines y Result

Follow upy Very critical y Very crucial y very important

Problem solving tipsy Define the problem & set goals y Share ideas y Team building y Break your solution into small

parts y Document (portfolio)

DECISION MAKING

DECISION MAKINGy IT IS THE PROCESS OF CHOOSING A COURSE

OF ACTION FOR DEALING WITH A PROBLEM OR OPPORTUNITY y IT IS AN ENDLESS PROCESS

DECISION MAKING MODULE

Step 1 is to identify and define the problem. Step 2 is to generate and evaluate alternative courses of action. Step 3 is to decide on a preferred course of action. Step 4 is to implement the decision. Step 5 is to evaluate results.

Basic Management Functions The Management Process

Organizing the Enterprisey Planningy Establishing organizational goals and deciding how to

accomplish them

y Organizing

y The grouping of resources and activities to accomplish

some end result in an efficient and effective manner

y Leading and Motivating

y Leading y Influencing people to work toward a common goal y Motivating y Providing reasons for people to work in the best interests of the organization y Directing y The combined processes of leading and motivating

Controlling Ongoing Activitiesy Controlling y Evaluating and regulating ongoing activities to ensure that goals are achieved y The Control Function

DECISION ENVIRONMENT INCLUDE:y CERTAIN ENVIRONMENT y RISK ENVIRONMENT y UNCERTAIN ENVIRONMENT

CERTAIN ENVIRONMENTy EXIST WHEN THERE IS A SUFFICIENT

INFORMATION TO PREDICT THE RESULT IN ADVANCE OF IMPLEMENTATIONy CERTAINITY IS THE IDEAL PROBLEM SOLVING &

DECISION MAKING ENVIRONMENT

RISK ENVIRONMENTy EXIST WHEN DECISION MAKERS LACK COMPLETE

CERTAINITY y BUT THEY CAN ASSIGN PROBABILITES OF OCCURRENCE y PROBABILITES CAN BE ASSIGNED THROUGH SELF INTUITION OR STATISTICAL PROCEDURES

UNCERTAIN ENVIRONMENTy EXIST WHEN WE HAVE SO LITTLE INFORMATION y NO ASSIGN FOR PROBABILITES OR OUTCOMES y SO MANAGERS RELY ON THEIR INTUITION

&CREATIVITY TO SOLVE THE PROBLEM

DECISION MAKING REALITESy DECISIONS TO SOLVE NON ROUTINE PROBLEM y DECISION MUST BE ETHICAL y DECISION MUST BE UNDER TIME PRESSURE y DECISION MUST BE UNDER INFORMATION LIMITATION

INTUITIONy IT IS A GOD FEELING COMMON SENSE BASED ON

KNOWLEDGE& EXPERIENCEy IT IS AKEY ELEMENT IN TAKING DECISION UNDER

RISK AND UNCERTAINTY ENVIRONMENT

DECISION MAKINGy

Satisficing y Choosing an alternative that is not the best possible solution, but one that adequately solves the problem

y AGOOD PLAN EXCUTED NOW IS BETTER THAN

THE PERFECT PLAN EXCUTED LATER

The Three Components of Creativity

Decision-Style Model

Ethics in Decision Making Ethics and National Culture There are no global ethical standards. The ethical principles of global organizations that reflect and respect local cultural norms are necessary for high standards and consistent practices.