Principles of Shiphandling and Maneuvering

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4/1/2016 Principles of shiphandling

http://principlesofshiphandling.blogspot.in/

Defines Shiphandling and Maneuvering. Also describes the Basic movement of a ship and talks about

the factors and forces affecting shiphandling.

Principles of shiphandling

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Ship handling Pivot point Basic Propeller Types

Sunday, November 13, 2011

Principles of ship Handling

Ship Handling and Maneuvering is defined as the art of proper

control of a ship while underway, especially in harbours, around

docks and piers. It is one of the skills that any ship handler finds very

satisfying when well accomplished.

The most basic thing to be understood in ship handling is to know

and anticipate how a ship behaves under all circumstances and what

orders should be given in order to make the ship behave and move

exactly the way you want her to. The difference between the ships’s

heading and the actual direction of movement of the ship should also

be constantly attended to as this is essentially important at slow

speeds and when there is wind and current.

Three basic ship motions:

1. Longitudinal motion (forward or astern).

2. Lateral motion (sideways).

3. Rotational or turning motion.

Vessels also have other behaviors worth noting when her

maneuvering equipment is in operation. Depending on the type of

propeller, a ship with a single propeller when run ahead from stop

cants to either port or starboard; when put astern from stop the stern

cants at a fast rate to port or starboard. When a ship has headway and

the rudder is put over to one side, the bow turns to the same side

where the rudder is turned. Thrusters on the other hand move the

vessel’s end sideways. Thrusters, depending on its design increase its

effectiveness as the vessel slows down.

Factors and forces that commonly constitute a change in a

vessel’s behavior while being maneuvered:

External Factors/forces:

1. Tide.

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2. Sudden change in wind velocity and direction (gust).

3. Set and drift.

4. Proximity of other vessels.

5. Depth of harbours.

Internal Factors/forces under the control of the Ship handler:

1. Engine power.

2. Speed.3. Effect of the type of propeller.

4. Rudder movement and type.

5. Thrusters.

6. Anchors and mooring lines.

7. Tugboats.

Effects of external forces:

The effects of external forces may become advantageous or

disadvantageous to the ship handler. It is best that these effects are

foreseen beforehand so that necessary steps to counter or make use of them during the maneuver are made. As some experts put it; “ the art

of ship handling involves the effective use of the forces under one’s

control to overcome the effects of external forces”.

Among the external forces, the effects of the wind and current are the

most important. These forces greatly affect the movement of the

ship. When there is wind blowing on one side of a high sided ship

moving ahead, she will not move along the line of the intended

course line but rather drift towards the lee side of the ship. Likewise,

if a current is acting on one side of a ship, she will behave in the

same manner, that is, she will be moving diagonally in the direction

where the current is setting although her heading is on the coursesteered. To attain the desired track we make allowance for set to

compensate for a current and allowance for leeway to compensate for

the wind. Always bear in mind that currents affect ships more than

the wind and allowances made to compensate for these factors are

called set because generally it is not possible to separate the

difference. If a ship steers a course of 270 degrees, and the current is

setting north, she will deviate considerably towards the north from

the course line. The angular difference between the ship’s heading

and the course made good is called the drift angle.

The set, drift and

drift angle can be

estimated

graphically or by

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Principles of ship Handling

Filgen D Yurong

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Posted by Filgen D Yurong at 9:04 AM No comments:

mathematical calculation. This drift angle is applied opposite to the

set of the current in order that the ship will progress along the

intended course line. The factors affecting the drift angle depend on

the load condition of the ship, the speed of the ship,the velocity of

the wind or rate of the current and their direction relative to the

ship’s fore and aft line. Then there is also the effect to the ship’s

speed if the wind or current is ahead or astern.

Other Variable factors affecting ship handling.

1. Human factor - A delay in time between your given order and

the execution of the order will affect how you intend to move

your ship. This is caused by human factors because the

individuals you are ordering may have different responses

depending on their training and ability to perform the job, or

that orders have to be relayed by an officer to the helmsman,

which is a bad practice that should be avoided so that the

conning officer should be able to give his orders directly to the

helmsman.

2. Sudden breakdown or failure of the ship’s equipment.

3. Mode of communication failure from bridge to engine room or

vice-versa, or to the fore and aft stations.

4. Language problems between nationalities.

5. Ship’s Momentum.

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Principles of Shiphandling and Maneuvering

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Transcript of Principles of Shiphandling and Maneuvering