Applying Population Ecology: The Human Population and Its Impact
Principles of Population Ecology Population ecologists ask: 1) How many are in the population? 2)...
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Transcript of Principles of Population Ecology Population ecologists ask: 1) How many are in the population? 2)...
![Page 1: Principles of Population Ecology Population ecologists ask: 1) How many are in the population? 2) Are its numbers increasing / decreasing? 3) What is its.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070415/5697bfc11a28abf838ca40c6/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Principles of Population Ecology
Population ecologists ask:
1) How many are in the population?
2) Are its numbers increasing / decreasing?
3) What is its pattern of reproduction?
4) What is its pattern of mortality?Significance of understanding this?1.Manage domestic and wild populations2.Manage pests3. Save Endangered Species4.Understand our own population changes
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Principles of Population Ecology
How Do Populations Change in Size?
On a global scale (closed system):
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Principles of Population Ecology
How Do Populations Change in Size?
On a local scale (open system):
![Page 4: Principles of Population Ecology Population ecologists ask: 1) How many are in the population? 2) Are its numbers increasing / decreasing? 3) What is its.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070415/5697bfc11a28abf838ca40c6/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Principles of Population Ecology
How Do Populations Change in Size?
Global scale:
r = b – d
Growth rate
Birth rate
Death rate
![Page 5: Principles of Population Ecology Population ecologists ask: 1) How many are in the population? 2) Are its numbers increasing / decreasing? 3) What is its.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070415/5697bfc11a28abf838ca40c6/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Principles of Population Ecology
How Do Populations Change in Size?
Local scale:
r = (b – d) + (i – e)
Growth rate
Birth rate
Death rate
Immigration rate
Emigration rate
Rule of 70: 70/Growth Rate% = Doubling Time
![Page 6: Principles of Population Ecology Population ecologists ask: 1) How many are in the population? 2) Are its numbers increasing / decreasing? 3) What is its.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070415/5697bfc11a28abf838ca40c6/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Biotic Potential
Maximum Population Growth-
under ideal conditions = intrinsic rate of increase
J-shaped curve (exponential growth)
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Carrying Capacity
Environmental Resistance-
Exponential growth cannot occur forever.
What factors prevent it from doing so?
S-shaped curve (logistic growth)
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Principles of Population Ecology
Overshooting the carrying capacity can lead to a population crash.
Positive & NegativeFeedback Loops
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Population Crash
Population 1910= 26 / 1935= 2K / crash / 1945=8
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Reproductive Strategies
Life History Strategies
r-selected K-selectedvs.
high growth rate slow growth rate
small body size large body size
early maturity late maturity
short life span long life span
large broods small broods
little / no parental care high parental care
Which are we? How do we apply this knowledge?
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Survivorship & Reproduction
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Density Dependent Factors
• Factors that influence population growth when its density is high.
• Predation, competition, disease, parasites, food availability.
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Locust
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Lemmings
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Factors that Affect Population Size
Density-Dependence and Boom-or-Bust Population Cycles
Predator birth timing?
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Predatory Prey Dynamics
Wolves Established 1949 - Moose 1900 approx. 1980’s parvovirous hits wolves1995 & 96 harsh winters and overgrazingTick numbers increase with warm spring & fallIsle Royal southern limit of Moose
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Ticks
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Density-Independent Factors:
• Regardless of population density, influences population growth.
• Weather, fire, earthquakes, etc…