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Transcript of Principals of Health Education. Health Education Definition - WHO difference between Health...
Environmental Health Department
Umm Al-Qura UniversityFaculty of Public Health and Health Informatics
By: Dr. Ahmed Abdullah
Principals of Health Education
Health Education Definition - WHOdifference between Health education& PromotionDimensions of Health Education
Principals of Health Education
Process of health education
Health Education in the communities
Methods in health Education
Contents of Health Education
Examples of health education.
Communication
Stages of Change
Contents of the Lecture
Health Education Definition - WHO
• Process of providing information and advice related to healthy lifestyle and encouraging the development of knowledge, attitudes and skills aimed at behaviour change of individuals or communities.
• Enables and influences controll over own´s
health leading to optimalization of attitudes and habits related to lifestyle and increasing quality of life.
• Health education is a process aimed at encouraging people to want to be healthy, to know how to stay healthy, to do what they can individually and collectively to maintain health and to seek help when needed.
Health Education Definition
• Health education can be defined as the principle by which individuals and groups of people learn to behave in a manner conducive to the promotion, maintenance, or restoration of health.
Health Education Definition
What is the difference between Health education& Health Promotion?
• Health education, as the name implies, is a field of study that draws from medical sciences and all physical and biological along with emotional and psychological experiences to inform and educate people to promote health and to prevent diseases.
• It imparts knowledge and skills to develop and maintain behaviors and attitudes.
What is the difference between Health education& Health Promotion?
• Health promotion aims to influence the behaviors of people and organizations so that they change their lifestyles and accept their responsibility in causing health problems for others (for example, smoking in public and drunk driving). Health promotion takes the shape of advertisements that try to exert influence on the social behaviors of people and also to make them understand the importance of healthy behaviors and attitudes.
What is the difference between Health education& Health Promotion?
• Health promotion tries to shift the focus of responsibility from governments and health professionals to organizations and people by raising the levels of awareness about diseases and prevention of diseases through healthy behaviors and attitudes.
PRINCIPLES OF HEALTH EDUCATION
1. Credibility 2. Interest. 3. Participation/ community involvement.4. Good human relationship.5. Proceed from known to unknown.6. Comprehension. 7. Reinforcement by repetition.8. Motivation 9. Learning by doing10. Role models and leaders11. Setting an example. 12. Feedback.
Credibilityit is the degree by
which the message to be communicated is perceived as trustworthy by the receiver.
in Health Education we should always communicate in the simple language that people can understand, never use strange or new words
Comprehension
Participation/community involvement
Health Education aimed to encourage people to work actively with health workers & others in identifying their own health problems & also in developing solutions & plans to work together
it is a psychological principle that people are unlikely to listen to those things which are not to their interest.
Interest
Reinforcementif the message repeated in different ways with reinforcement, people are more likely to remember it.
Process of health education
(A) To assess the patients learning needs.(B) To establish the teaching and learning
objectives.(C) To constitute the teaching plan.(D) To implement the teaching plan.(E) To evaluate the teaching and learning.
Health Education in the Communities
• Based on knowledge of their demographic and social specificities (gender, age, education, ethnicity, employment)• Messages are more general and
comprehensible for all community members• Positive motivation – positive aspects and
outcomes are stressed more then negative ones
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Methods of Health Education.
Individual Approach
Counseling.
Clinic Consultation.
On-site Visit.
Group Approach
Lectures.
Group Or Panel Discussion.
Workshop, Seminars.
Mass Approach
Radio, T.V
Newspapers.
Printed Materials.
Internet
Contents of Health Education1. Human biology: i.e., how to keep
physically fit, the effects of alcohol, smoking & drug on the body.
2. Nutrition: the aim is to promote good dietary habits.
3. Hygiene: personal and environmental.4. Family health: HE promote the family’s
self reliance regarding i.e., child bearing & rearing.
Contents of Health Education1. Disease prevention and control:
education of people about the prevention & control of locally endemic diseases is the first of eight essential activities in PHC.
2. Mental health.3. Prevention of accidents.4. Use of health services.
Communication• Communicator: the person or the team
give the message (Educator). • Message: the contents (materials) of
health education• Channel: method of carrying the
message• Audience: the receivers (users or
targets) of the message
Communication Barriers • Social and cultural gap between the sender
and the receiver• Limited receptiveness of receiver• Negative attitude of the sender• Limited understanding and memory• Insufficient emphasis by the sender (health
professional)• Contradictory messages• Health education without identifying the
“needs "of the community
Precontemplation• Definition–the action of looking thoughtfully at
something for a long time.–Before changing their behavior
• Intervention Approach–Novel information –Persuasive communications –Experiences
Contemplation• Definition–Person is beginning to consider behavior
change.– Important stage of information acquisition
• Intervention Approach–Motivated by role modeling and
persuasive communications–Receptive to planned or incidental learning
experiences.
Preparation• Definition–Deciding to change by preparing and
experimenting.–Psychological preparation of trying on or
visualizing new behaviors and sharing the idea with others. Deciding to change.
• Intervention Approach–How-to information, skill development,
attitude change
Action• Definition–Actually trying the new behavior
• Intervention Approach– Skill–Reinforcement– Support– Self-management–Attitude and attribution change
Maintenance• Definition–Establishment of the new behavior–Taking on the new attitudinal and
environmental supports• Intervention Approach–Relapse prevention skills–Self-management–Social and environmental support
References
• World Health Organization - http://www.who.int/topics/health_education/en/
• National Institute of Public Health Prague – http://www.szu.cz• Health promotion and health education in practice / Leo Baric. -
Altrincham, England: Barns Publication, 1994. -Module 1: Definition of problems and choice of solutions. -Module 2: The organizational model. -Module 3: Research, evaluation and auditing. - 624p.
• James F. McKenzie, Brad L. Neiger& Rosemary Thackeray (2012) Planning, Implementing, & Evaluating Health Promotion
• 2-Donald J. Breckon, John R. Harvey & R. Brick Lancaster (1998) Community Health Education: Settings, Roles, and Skills for the 21st Century [Hardcover]