Primary vs. Secondary Documents
description
Transcript of Primary vs. Secondary Documents
![Page 1: Primary vs. Secondary Documents](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081416/568166de550346895ddb0bf6/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Primary vs. Secondary DocumentsPrimary Source: a document or physical object which was written or created during the time under study.
• ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS: Diaries, speeches, manuscripts, letters, interviews, news film footage, autobiographies, official records
• CREATIVE WORKS: Poetry, drama, novels, music, art • RELICS OR ARTIFACTS: Pottery, furniture, clothing, buildings
Secondary Source: interprets and analyzes primary sources. These sources are one or more steps removed from the event.
• PUBLICATIONS: Textbooks, magazine articles, histories, criticisms, commentaries, encyclopedias
http://www.princeton.edu/~refdesk/primary2.html
![Page 2: Primary vs. Secondary Documents](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081416/568166de550346895ddb0bf6/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
I. Settlers moved to the west in the 1850s and conflicts arose with Indians
1. Reservations : areas of federal land put aside for Native Americans
2. Sand Creek Massacre (1864):Cheyenne surrendered, US military killed over 200 men women and children
3. Battle of Little Bighorn (1876): gold discovered in the Black Hills (SD). Sioux refused to leave. Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull led the Sioux to a
victory. “Custer’s Last Stand”
4. Wounded Knee (1890): (SD) After Sitting Bull is killed, Indians leave the reservations. This is the last war on the Plains.
5. Dawes Act (1887): Gave Indians land ownership (160 acres). Also gave Indians U.S. Citizenship
![Page 3: Primary vs. Secondary Documents](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081416/568166de550346895ddb0bf6/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: Primary vs. Secondary Documents](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081416/568166de550346895ddb0bf6/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
II. Reasons to move west:
1. Discovery of gold2. Transcontinental RR3. Offers of free land
a. Homestead Act: 160 acres of land for a registration fee and a promise to live on the land for 5 years. b. Morrill Act: granted 17 million acres of land to the states
4. Cattle kingdomsa. New farming techniques (dry farming)b. Farming inventions (John Deere steel plow)
![Page 5: Primary vs. Secondary Documents](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081416/568166de550346895ddb0bf6/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
III. ResultsIncreased populationImmigration
![Page 6: Primary vs. Secondary Documents](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081416/568166de550346895ddb0bf6/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Immigration to the United States
![Page 7: Primary vs. Secondary Documents](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081416/568166de550346895ddb0bf6/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Pre 1800EnglandGermanyIrelandScandinaviaScotlandAfrica
•Skilled workers •Spoke English •Most were Protestant (except Irish)
•Settled outside cities on farms
![Page 8: Primary vs. Secondary Documents](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081416/568166de550346895ddb0bf6/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
1800-1900ItalyGermanyHungaryGreecePolandRussiaSlovakiaCzechoslovakia ChinaJapan •Unskilled workers industrial jobs in cities •Spoke little English •Different religious beliefs:Greek OrthodoxCatholicismJudaismBuddhism
![Page 9: Primary vs. Secondary Documents](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081416/568166de550346895ddb0bf6/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Primary vs. Secondary Documents](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081416/568166de550346895ddb0bf6/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Primary vs. Secondary Documents](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081416/568166de550346895ddb0bf6/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: Primary vs. Secondary Documents](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081416/568166de550346895ddb0bf6/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Primary vs. Secondary Documents](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081416/568166de550346895ddb0bf6/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Chinese ImmigrationReasons for Immigration:
1. Jobs Construct RR’s Peddlers Agricultural workGarment working
substitute for slave labor
2. 1849 California Gold Rush
Negatives:Cheap labor a threat to American
workersChinatownsWorked “dirty” jobsOpium densProstitutionGambling
![Page 14: Primary vs. Secondary Documents](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081416/568166de550346895ddb0bf6/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Primary vs. Secondary Documents](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081416/568166de550346895ddb0bf6/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Restrictions on Chinese Immigration
Naturalization Act of 1870restricted immigration to “white persons and persons of African descent”
Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882suspended Chinese immigrationprohibited Chinese from becoming citizens
Geary Act (2nd Chinese Exclusion Act) 1892
![Page 17: Primary vs. Secondary Documents](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081416/568166de550346895ddb0bf6/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Irish Immigration - 1846• Ireland ~ 4 million people• Major industry is agriculture• Major crop is the potato• Blight AKA the “Irish Famine” in 1845 ruins ¾ of the crop of potatoes
• 1 million die from starvation, typhus
![Page 18: Primary vs. Secondary Documents](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081416/568166de550346895ddb0bf6/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Irish to the United States • 2 million emigrate to the United States by 1854• Lived in cities (NYC, Philly, Boston*, Chicago)• Poor, did not own land• Built RR’s, coalminers, fought in the Civil War• Democrats – feared the slave
would compete for jobs
• Stereotypes:Catholics that fought with others
Bought votesStuffed ballot boxesDrunksAnimal-like (dogs, apes)
![Page 19: Primary vs. Secondary Documents](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081416/568166de550346895ddb0bf6/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Italian Immigration•Poverty•Illiteracy (70%)•Overpopulation•Natural disaster
- Mt Vesuvias (buried a town- Mt Etna (killed 100,000
people)•Division between north and south
- relied on la famiglia (the family) instead of Italians as a cohesive ethnic group Between 1880
and 1920, 4 MILLION
Italians entered the
U.S.
![Page 20: Primary vs. Secondary Documents](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081416/568166de550346895ddb0bf6/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Italian ImmigrationIn America:
young, single men in their 20’sstayed in cities (no farming)construction work (bridges, roads, the first
skyscrapers)began as migrant workers “birds of passage”
Negatives:Catholics (seen as oppressive)Fought with the Irish, Portuguese, Polish“dirty” (menial jobs with little education)Little Italy (clusters of ethnicity)AnarchistsOrganized crime
![Page 21: Primary vs. Secondary Documents](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081416/568166de550346895ddb0bf6/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
German ImmigrationReasons to Leave:•High food prices, low wages•Persecution – 1848 Rebellion•Religious freedom
![Page 22: Primary vs. Secondary Documents](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081416/568166de550346895ddb0bf6/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
German Immigration
In America:
•Settled on farms in PA or cities in the Midwest
• ~6 million people emigrated from Germany between 1820-1914
•Brought reforms to America• Universal education – kindergarten• Better working conditions (8 hour day)
•Assimilated • Religion• Language (English)
![Page 23: Primary vs. Secondary Documents](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081416/568166de550346895ddb0bf6/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Jewish Immigration Come largely from Spain and Portugal (Sephardic), Russia, Germany (Ashkenazi)
Reasons to leave:•Pogroms directed at Jews in the 1880s (violent riots)•Land and Gold•Modern vehicles like steam engine and RR•Laws against Jews in Europe• Pay to live• Ordered out• Denied the right to vote• Denied right to hold public office
![Page 24: Primary vs. Secondary Documents](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081416/568166de550346895ddb0bf6/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
In America:•Skilled laborers
• Peddlers• Garment and textile industry (Levi
Strauss, Sears & Roebuck)•Educated•Organized into synagogue communities – cities•Assimilated • learned English, • reform
![Page 25: Primary vs. Secondary Documents](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081416/568166de550346895ddb0bf6/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Gentile: A person of non-Jewish faith
Anti-Semitic:
Hostility or discrimination against Jews.
Yiddish:A language used by Ashkenazi (European) Jews
bupkesglitchkosherMazel Tovoy veyshlepshalom
![Page 26: Primary vs. Secondary Documents](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081416/568166de550346895ddb0bf6/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: Primary vs. Secondary Documents](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081416/568166de550346895ddb0bf6/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: Primary vs. Secondary Documents](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081416/568166de550346895ddb0bf6/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: Primary vs. Secondary Documents](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081416/568166de550346895ddb0bf6/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 31: Primary vs. Secondary Documents](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081416/568166de550346895ddb0bf6/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
….or a one room 12 x 12 with five families living in it, comprising twenty persons of both sexes and all ages, with only two beds, without partition, screen, chair, or table.”
![Page 32: Primary vs. Secondary Documents](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081416/568166de550346895ddb0bf6/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)