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Preventive Health care

Definition of Health:

State of complete physical, mental,social and spiritual well-being, notmerely the absence of disease orinfirmity.

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C ommon Risk FactorsHigh B. P.(Hypertension)

Stress(Distress)

Overweight/Obesity

Physical inactivity

Fatty diet(High C holesterol)

Smoking/Tobacco chewing

Alcoholism

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High Blood Pressure

Blood pressure ( BP )Normal BP : systolic/diastolic

100-140/60-90

mm of hg.Even 140/90 is High normal.High BP : BP> 140/90

(Hypertension)Two types : Primary 90%

Secondary 10%

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Prevalence of Hypertension:Almost 20 - 30 % in the 20 - 60 years agegroup in India.

Symptoms:No specific symptoms ,silent killer.Symptoms due to involvement of the organs

heart,brain, kidneys & eyes (target organs )

ie. angina, loss of memory/concentration,insomnia, urinary symptoms, loss of vision.

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Associated Risk factorsModifiable

Stress(Distress)Physical inactivityFatty & high sodium dietOverweight/obesitySmoking/Alcohol intake

Non-modifiableAgeHeredity

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Risks to health:(by High BP)

Heart Diseases:Coronary artery disease,Myocardial infarction, Heart failureBrain Disorders: Stroke(paralysis),BrainhaemorrhageKidney Disorders: Renal failureEye diseases: Retinopathy

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Prevention and control of HypertensionDietary Habits:

salt /salty food items restriction

fatty foods restrictionplenty of fruits and vegetables

high fibre diet ie.wheat bran,sprouted cereals/beans/pulses

Weight reduction/calories restriction

Physical activity / exerciseAvoid unhealthy habits

smoking,alcohol,tobaccoStress management.

coping skills,yoga,meditation

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Overweight/Obesity

Risk factor for -Hypertension,Heart attack ,

Stroke,Diabetes Mellitus,Osteo-arthritis etc

Normal/average weight : Height in cm.-100

Overweight & Obesity : expressed in terms of

BMI (Body Mass Index)

BMI = weight in kg./height in metre 2

Normal BMI :

20 to 25 in males

18 to 23 in females

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Overweight : BMI 26 to 29 in males

24 to 28 in femalesObesity : BMI 30 or more in males28.6 or more in females

Prevention & C ontrol of Obesity

Proper diet control/ calories restrictionMore food items poor in calories &less food items rich in caloriesRegular physical activity/ burningcaloriesBalance between calories intake andburning/expenditure

C alories requirements :depending on the type of work/physical

labour

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Healthy eating guide

Fats & sweetsMeat & eggs

Pulses & nutsMilk & milk productsFruits & vegetables

Cereals & sprouted

eat least eat less

eat moderatelyeat moderatelyeat more

eat most

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