President Obama has given you permission to create and enforce one new law in the United States....
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Transcript of President Obama has given you permission to create and enforce one new law in the United States....
Congratulations!
President Obama has given you permission to create and enforce one new law in the United States. Assume that Congress will agree with and automatically pass your law.
Write it down now.
Part II: Convincing the People
Now, you must convince the people of the United States that your law is a good idea.
List the reasons why they should support this law.
What is Persuasion?
To influence the beliefs, attitudes, intentions, motivations, or behaviors of your audience
To change their idea toward an idea, event, object, or person
To use written or spoken words to convey information, feelings, and reasoning
Aristotle Ancient Greek philosopher and
scientist On Rhetoric
Persuasion is technical; uses method
Three modes of persuasion:LogosPathosEthos
“Persuasion is achieved by the speaker's personal character when the speech is so spoken as to make us think him credible… Secondly, persuasion may come through the hearers, when the speech stirs their emotions…Thirdly, persuasion is effected through the speech itself when we have proved a truth or an apparent truth by means of the persuasive arguments suitable to the case in question.”
Logos
Logical appeal
Facts and figures support the
topic
CAUTION: Ensure information
is accurate and makes sense
Pathos
Appeal to audience’s emotions
Most effective when speaker
agrees with values of reader/
audience
CAUTION: Powerful, but won’t
completely carry a speech
Ethos Appeal to honesty/ authority of
speaker
Demonstrates your credibility on the
topic
CAUTION: You must build your
audience’s trust
Example: Problem: You want pizza, but your
mother won’t order it Logos: It would be more fiscally
responsible to order pizza, since you have a coupon.
Pathos: You understand how tired she must be from working and cleaning all day.
Ethos: You are known to give good advice on ordering dinner.
Period 1 and 2 Warm-Up:
On a half sheet of paper, convince Ms. Jurewicz to buy pizza for everyone in the class.Use the four argumentative
techniques and one persuasive technique.
In addition, address at least one counterclaim she may make.
Use of Rhetorical Devices
Sound – add poetic melody;
make speech enjoyable to hear
Alliteration/Assonance
Onomatopoeia
Use of Rhetorical Devices Repetition
Use the same word or phrase more
than once
Adds emphasis
Connects ideas throughout text
Use of Rhetorical Devices
ParallelismUses similar grammatical constructions to express ideas that are related or equal in importance
Often creates a rhythm
Use of Rhetorical Devices
Figurative Language
Adds interest/narrative quality
Personification
Simile
Metaphor
Use of Rhetorical Devices Technical Language
Specific words and phrases associated with a particular subject or topic
Shows your expertise in the field you are discussing (i.e., builds ethos)
Example: technical language for English: claim, metaphor, haiku ; technical language for football: touchdown, safety, tight end
Rhetorical devices are useful for everyday situations, especially
business:
Metaphors and analogies = explain new
concepts/visions for your company.
Repetition = emphasize key results or
recommendations.
Alliteration = slogans, mantras, etc.
Technical language = shows you are
knowledgeable about the subject matter
Rhetorical Device Practice
Identify at least three types of rhetorical devices used in the following excerpt from John F. Kennedy’s inaugural address. Explain how each device contributes to/strengthens the argument.
“The world is very different now. For man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human poverty and all forms of human life. And yet the same revolutionary beliefs for which our forebears fought are still at issue around the globe—the belief that the rights of man come not from the generosity of the state, but from the hand of God. We dare not forget today that we are the heirs of that first revolution. Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans—born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage—and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of those human rights to which this Nation has always been committed, and to which we are committed today at home and around the world. Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe, in order to assure the survival and the success of liberty. This much we pledge—and more…”
Summarizing Activity
On a half sheet of paper, use each of the five vocab words in a sentence.
(impetuous, deficit, hiatus, laudable, prestigious)
Works Cited“A General Summary of Aristotle’s Appeals.” 14
November 2012. Web. http://courses.durhamtech.edu/perkins/aris.html
Dlugan, Andrew. “Ethos, Pathos, Logos: Three Pillars of Public Speaking.” 14 November 2012. Web. <http://sixminutes.dlugan.com/ethos-pathos-logos/>
"Persuasion". Business Dictionary. Retrieved 9 May 2012. <http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/persuasion.html>
Seiter, Robert H. Gass, John S. (2010). Persuasion, Social Influence, and Compliance Gaining (4th ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon. pp. 33. ISBN 0-205-69818-2.
Groups:
Group 1: Morgan, Andrew, LeviGroup 2: David, Demetrious, MiqelGroup 3: Shaylah, Adin, BreanneGroup 4: Kirsten, Jack, MadisonGroup 5: Madison, Ian, AbdelGroup 6:Ryan, Jazmyne, Chloe
Directions:
1. In small groups, you will read and analyze a famous political speech.
2. Use the back of your note sheet to identify evidence of research, organization, elements of persuasion, and overall effectiveness.
3. If you finish early, your next step will be to once again revisit Old Major’s speech from Animal Farm. Compare/ contrast the two on a separate sheet of paper, looking for evidence of these same elements.