PresentationProposal !–!David!H.!Michels! … · 2015. 7. 6. · ! 5!...
Transcript of PresentationProposal !–!David!H.!Michels! … · 2015. 7. 6. · ! 5!...
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Presentation Proposal – David H. Michels CPD Session -‐ Thursday March 21, 2013 Beyond the Court: Researching for Academic and Professional Publications
Research for clients and court is familiar ground. Now you want to share your knowledge with your colleagues. Join us as we explore another kind of research for professional and academic publications.
The Plan:
• Conceptualizing our research (have I bitten off too much?) • Wrestling with the literature review (have I found enough?) • Sifting through sources (have I kept the good stuff?) • Grounding our writing in sources (have I avoided plagiarism?)
This session will be 60 minutes with an additional 30 minutes for Q&A. I include interactive opportunities and participants are invited to bring something to write on, and perhaps one idea that might just make a good book or article someday.
Bio:
David H. Michels MA MLIS PhD (cand.). Public Services Librarian, Schulich School of Law, and Lecturer, School of Information Management. His own published research is in law, information science, and sociology of religion and media.
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Introduction (5min)
A. “The podium and the pulpit…”
Good evening! My name is David Michels and I am the Public Services Librarian for the Schulich School of Law, and a Lecturer in the School of Information Management. My passion is connecting people with information, and I do think being an Information Professional in the Information Age is cool.
Now Librarianship is my second career; pastor was my first. After 10 years preaching I knew well, but presenting academic papers was completely new. Not surprisingly after the first academic paper I delivered I friend in the audience came to me and said “I was thinking during your presentation that it reminded me of something; then it hit me: a sermon!” Perhaps I made too many “thou shalt” statements and a little lacking on the carefulness of the “we propose“ style of academic writing. It took time to adjust my way of researching, writing and speaking to suit a new context and a different style of communication. I might add that I also have heard a few academics and lawyers preach, and occasionally even in church.
I offer this only to suggest that most of you are comfortable with research and writing for one style will be able to switch styles easily. Others like me will take some adjustment. I hope some of the tips and suggestions I offer today can be a help.
B. The Plan
My goals for this evening’s session are to provide you additional tools to help conceptualize your professional or academic writing project and to conduct effective research to support it. I do not offer myself as a master academic writer or even the most prolific. I am a master researcher, and I understand the creation, organization, and use of academic and professional information.
Learning Objectives:
• You will have begun to develop a plan for your research project. • You will have a framework for conducting your literature review. • You will understand how filter, evaluate, and manage your sources. • You will be comfortable grounding your research in your sources.
The presentation will be about 60 min and then there will be 30 minutes for questions/discussion. We will interrupt the presentation occasionally to be a little interactive.
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Developing a plan for your research project.
So what do you want to write? “It matters” (15min)
Let’s begin with the most important question: what do you want to write? The type of research/writing project will determine the nature, scope, and depth of your research. So let’s talk about the types of writing projects.
Book Review “A Good Place to Start”
• Descriptive -‐ give the essential information about a book. This is done with description and exposition, by stating the perceived aims and purposes of the author, and by quoting striking passages from the text.
• Critical -‐ describe and evaluate the book, in terms of accepted literary and historical standards, and supports this evaluation with evidence from the text. The following pointers are meant to be suggestions for writing a critical review.
Article “Short & To The Point”
• Comment – a synopsis and analysis of a specific case or piece of legislation.
• Report – explore the conduct of research in a specific project and present the findings of the research team.
• Review – an assessment of the literature on the topic identifying themes and gaps. This assessment.
Book Chapter “Soldiers All In A Row”
• Festschrift – a published collection of legal essays written by several authors to honour a distinguished jurist or scholar or to mark a significant legal event.
• Theme – a published collection of legal essays written by several authors around a particular theme or problem. The essays may explore different aspects or perspectives on the topic.
Book “A Full Meal Deal”
• Monograph – one author, one unified writing that can expand on the thesis at greater length and depth.
• Collection – an edited collection of articles by several authors around a theme.
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Book Reviews – “Great place to start”
When I was completing my last professional degree I was advised to consider book reviews as a good entry into academic writing. It helps you develop your writing style and you will receive free books.
Where do you find opportunities for reviewing?
• Societies -‐ If you are a member of a professional or academic society that publishes a journal or magazine they may periodically distribute a list of books to be reviewed for their members. I am a member of the Canadian Association for Information Science and quarterly they post a list of books on their Google group. Usually they are snapped up within and hour or two.
• Journals -‐ Most journals also have Book Review editors and you can ask to be put on a review list. You will probably be asked for your CV and areas of interest/expertise.
There are two types of Reviews:
• Descriptive reviews -‐ give the essential information about a book. This is done with description and exposition, by stating the perceived aims and purposes of the author, and by quoting striking passages from the text.
• Critical reviews -‐ describe and evaluate the book, in terms of accepted literary and historical standards, and support this evaluation with evidence from the text.
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Example of a Descriptive Review
4059 Page, Christopher. The Roles of Public Opinion Research in Canadian Government. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2006. 258p. The Institute of Public Administration of Canada Series in Public Management and Governance. biblio. index. $60.00. $27.95pa. ISBN 0-‐8020-‐9039-‐7. ISBN 0-‐8020-‐9377-‐9pa. CCIP. DDC 320.6’0971.
Many informed observers have come to believe that governments spend too much public money and assign too much importance to public opinion research. Polls allegedly cause politicians to follow rather than lead and produce attempts to manipulate public opinion. The Government of Canada spends approximately $20 million annually on polling. The spending is justified on the grounds that it enables government to be more responsive to citizens.
This book argues that enhanced responsiveness to public concerns might arise sometimes. However, it finds that the main uses of polling data are to help set the decision-‐making agenda of government and, even more importantly, to help governments communicate with citizens in order to increase public understanding of, support of, and compliance with the policies and actions of government. The book reaches this conclusion through three case studies of the policy process: the patriation of the Constitution and the adoption of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms; the adoption of the Goods and Services Tax, and the strengthening of gun control rules.
The three cases cover different time periods and different political parties in office. The cases are thoroughly analysed so as to offer a fascinating insight into the inner workings of the policy process at the highest levels. Reliance on polling is found to be greatest on high-‐profile issues, because such issues can potentially affect the political fortunes of governments more dramatically. Each of the cases fell into the high-‐profile category. In each case, polling shaped communications strategy and tactics after the policy was decided and played a limited role in the formulation of policy. The final chapter examines the potential and the problems of polling.
This is one of very few careful examinations of the role of opinion research within government. Written originally as a doctoral dissertation, it will appeal mainly to students of the policy process and, to a lesser extent, practitioners in government who want to learn what works and what not to do when it comes to relying on polls.
— Paul G. Thomas is the Duff Roblin Professor of Government at the University of Manitoba, the author of Parliamentary Reform Through Political Parties, and the co-‐author of Canadian Public Administration: Problematical Perspectives.
Paul G. Thomas Scholarly, Review of Christopher Page, The Roles of Public Opinion Research in Canadian Government, Scholarly Reviews, Canadian Book Review Annual (Sample Reviews).
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How to Write a Critical Book Review
Basic requirements
To write a critical review, the reviewer must know two things:
• Knowing the work under review: This demands not only attempting to understand the author's purpose and how the component parts of the work contribute to that purpose, but also knowledge of the author: his/her nationality, time period, other works etc.
• Requirements of the genre: This means understanding the art form and how it functions. Without such context, the reviewer has no historical or literary standard upon which to base an evaluation.
Reviewing essentials
• Description of the book. Sufficient description should be given so that the reader will have some understanding of the author's thoughts. This account is not a summary. It can be woven into the critical remarks.
• Discuss the author. Biographical information should be relevant to the subject of the review and enhance the reader's understanding of the work under discussion.
• Appraise the book. A review must be a considered judgment that includes: o a statement of the reviewer's understanding of the author's purpose, o how well the reviewer feels the author's purpose has been achieved, o evidence to support the reviewer's judgment of the author' achievement.
First Draft
• Opening paragraphs set the tone of the paper. Possible introductions usually make a statement about the:
o Thesis o Authorial purpose o Topicality of the work or its significance o Comparison of the work to others by the same author or within the same genre o Author
• The body of the review logically develops your thesis. Follow your outline or adjust it to further your argument. The aim should be to push your central point. Put quoted material in quotation marks, or indented, and properly footnoted.
• Concluding paragraphs sums up or restates your thesis or it may make a final judgment regarding the book. Do not introduce new information or ideas in the conclusion.
Dalhousie Libraries Guide to Writing Book Reviews Online: l
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Where do you do to find book reviews?
The most effective and efficient way to locate Canadian law book reviews is the Index to Canadian Legal Literature. You can search by subject/author for articles and book reviews and by citation for case/legislation comments. Where to find this set:
1. Print (2nd floor reference/3rd floor journals)
2. WestlawCanada (Password Required): LawSource -‐ ICLL
3. LexisQuicklaw (Password Required): Source Directory -‐ Legal Indices and Tables -‐ Index to Canadian Legal Literature
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There are two key English language databases of legal articles: Index to Legal Periodicals (ILP) and LegalTrac. These databases index articles from the U.S., U.K., Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. Many articles are full text, others can be asked by the "Get it@Dal" link or button.
ILP Indexes articles from 615+ legal periodicals published in the United States, Canada, Great Britain, New Zealand and Australia.
LegalTrac Indexes articles in all major law reviews, law journals, specialty law and bar association journals, and legal newspapers on Federal and State Cases, Laws and Government Regulations, Legal Practice, and legal subjects such as Taxation and International Law. British Commonwealth and European Union cases and law are also included.
Outside of Law
Book Reviews Plus (HH Wilson)
Where do I find information about the author?
Biographical
• Canadian Legal Directory • Canada Law List • Martindale-‐Hubbell (Martindale.com) • Firm/Faculty Website (Schulich School of Law)
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Publications
• Index to Canadian Legal Literature Author Index • Index to Legal / LegalTrac Periodicals Author Index
How do I do a Literature Review? (Book, Journals, Theses, oh my!) (15min)
Purpose of the Literature Review A literature review is an explanation of what has been published on a subject by recognized researchers. http://calstatela.libguides.com/content.php?pid=160334&sid=1356038 Definition: “The selection of available documents on the topic, which contain information, ideas, data and evidence written from a particular standpoint to fulfill certain aims or express certain views on the nature of the topic and how it is investigated, and the effective evaluation of these documents in relation to the research being proposed.” Chris Hart, Doing a Literature Review: Releasing the Social Science Research Imagination (London: Sage, 1998) at 13. “A Research literature review is a systematic, explicit, and reproducible method for identifying, evaluating, and synthesizing the existing body of completed and recorded work produced by researchers, scholars, and practitioners.” Arlene Fink, Conducting Research Literature Reviews: From the Internet to Paper (London, Sage, 2010) at 3. “A formal literature review is a very specific piece of argumentative writing. It is a work that relies on scientific and academic discourse and debate to construct arguments about a current research project.” Purposes of the ‘literature review’:
1. Inform your readers of developments in the field. 2. Establish their own credibility. 3. Argue the need for, and relevance and significance of, their study. 4. Providing a context for your own methodological approach. 5. Arguing the relevance of your approach.
Zina O’Leary, The Essential Guide to Doing Research (London, Sage, 2004) at 78-‐79.
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Eight literature review tasks
1. Select Research Questions
A research question is a precisely stated question that guides the review.
2. Select Bibliographic Indices, Databases or Websites The bibliographic databases of interest in research reviews contain full reports of original studies. Other sources for literature reviews include experts in the field of interest, the web, and the reference lists contained in the books/articles.
3. Choose Search Terms (Ask Experts) Search terms are the words and phrases that you use o get the appropriate articles, books, and reports. You base them on the words and concepts that frame the research questions, and you use the particular grammar and logic to conduct the search.
4. Apply Practical Screens Preliminary literature searches always yield too many articles, but only a few are relevant. You screen the literature to get at the relevant articles by setting criteria for inclusion into and exclusion from the review. Practical screening criteria include factors such as the language in which the article is printed, the setting of the study, and its funding source.
5. Apply Methodological Screens Methodological criteria include criteria for evaluating the adequacy of a study’s coverage and its scientific quality.
6. Do the Review
Reliable and valid reviews involve using a standardized for abstracting data from articles, training reviewers to do the abstraction, monitoring the quality of the review, and plot testing the process.
7. Synthesize the Results Literature reviews results may be synthesized descriptively. Descriptive syntheses are interpretations of the reviews findings based on the reviewers’ experience and the quality and content of the available literature.
8. Produce Descriptive Review Primarily qualitative synthesis of results.
Fink, 2010, 5
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Goal of the Literature Review Integration
• Find connections between sources. • Rather than summarize each source, discuss what they have in common, in what ways
they intersect, or how they significantly differ. • While integrating, or synthesizing, your sources, keep the big picture in mind.
Conducting the Literature Review
1. What is the specific thesis, problem, or research question that my review of literature helps to define?
2. What type of literature review am I conducting? Am I looking at issues of theory? methodology? policy? quantitative research (e.g. on the effectiveness of a new procedure)? qualitative research (e.g. studies )?
3. What is the scope of my literature review? What types of publications am I using (e.g., journals, books, government documents, popular media)? What discipline am I working in (e.g., psychology, organizational behavior, education)?
4. How good was my information seeking? Has my search been wide enough to ensure I've found all the relevant material? Has it been narrow enough to exclude irrelevant material? Is the number of sources I've used appropriate for the length of my paper?
5. Have I critically analyzed the literature I use? Do I follow through a set of concepts and questions, comparing items to each other in the ways they deal with them? Instead of just listing and summarizing items, do I assess them, discussing strengths and weaknesses?
6. Have I cited and discussed studies contrary to my perspective? 7. Will the reader find my literature review relevant, appropriate, and useful?
Chris Hart, Doing a Literature Review: Releasing the Social Science Research Imagination (London, Sage, 1998).
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Bibliographic Tools
Books
• Google Books • WorldCat • Novanet
Journals
• Subscription Sources • HeinOnline • Westlaw • LexisNexisQuicklaw
• Open Access Sources
• SSRN (Legal Scholarship Network) http://www.ssrn.com/ • WorldLII Journals Project http://www.worldlii.org/int/journals/ • Berkeley Electronic Press Legal Repository http://law.bepress.com/repository/ • European Integration Online Papers http://eiop.or.at/eiop/index.php/eiop • European Research Papers Archive http://eiop.or.at/erpa/ • Cornell Law School Working Papers Series
http://scholarship.law.cornell.edu/clsops/ • North East Law Libraries Consortium (NELLCO) Legal Scholarship Repository
http://lsr.nellco.org/
Festschriften • Index to Common Law Festschriften http://magic.lbr.auckland.ac.nz/festschrift/
Theses
• Open Access Sources • Theses Canada • Dalhousie Online Theses
• Dissertations Subscription Services • Proquest UMI Dissertations and Theses • ProQuest Dissertations & Theses: UK & Ireland
Websites • Web-‐letters • Blogs/Podcasts • White Papers/Reports
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Managing My Sources
Managing your information sources is an essential research task that should be planned even before the literature review begins. By organizing your citations you will be able quickly locate sources as you need them for writing and citing.
Gather and record complete citations and well as annotations that summarize the content and important notes for later.
Michels, David and David Blaikie. “’I took up the case of the stranger’ -‐ Arguments from Faith, History and Law” In Randy Lippert and Sean Rehaag eds, Sanctuary Practices in International Perspectives (New York: Routledge Press, 2012).
Michels is a Law Librarian and Sociologist of Religion at Dalhousie University. Blaikie is a Law Professor at Schulich School of Law.
This is a comparative analysis of justifications for the practice of ecclesiatical sanctuary as reported in Canada, UK and USA news media. The chapter identified theological as well as philosophical differences in the national sanctuary movements.
Records can be managed using a print cataloguing system or using free or subscription bibliographic software.
Software Publisher Recent Version
Cost Notes
Refworks Refworks 2010-‐05 US $100/year
web-‐based, browser-‐accessed, centrally-‐hosted program. Compatible with Mac and Windows, Integration with MS Word, OpenOffice, and Mac Pages.
Mendeley Mendeley 2012-‐11-‐15 (1.5.2)
Free
Desktop & Web components, iPhone and iPad. Compatible with Mac and Windows. Integration with MS Word and OpenOffice.
EndNote Thomson Reuters
2012 (X6) US $299 Includes EndNote Web account. Compatible with Mac and Windows. Integration with MS Word.
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Zotero
Center for History and New Media at GMU
2012-‐07-‐26 (3.0.8.1)
Free / Online storage free up to 300 MB / Additional storage space available
Firefox extension or stand-‐alone with connectors for Chrome and Safari. Compatible with Mac and Windows. Integration with MS Word, OpenOffice, Mac Pages, Google Docs.
Comparison of Reference Managers, Wikipedia.com (March, 2013)
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How do I evaluate my sources? (15min)
The criteria for evaluating information have not changed but the sources of legal scholarship have changed tremendously. Legal information (cases, statutes, commentary) were published in print under tight editorial control. Increasingly documents are gathered online from official and unofficial sources that require the end-‐user to be more vigilant in what is selected.
Criteria
Author or Organization • Is there an author of the work? If so, is the author clearly identified? • Are the author's credentials for writing on this topic stated? For instance, journal articles
often list the university or organization the authors are affiliated with. • If the author is affiliated with an organization, could this organization have a bias? • Have you seen the author's name cited in other sources or bibliographies? Repeated
citations by others and a substantial body of work by the author can indicate expertise. • Does the source represent a group, organization, institution, corporation or government
body? • For online sources, is there a way to contact the author and/or organization?
Accuracy
• Is the source part of an edited or peer-‐reviewed publication? • Can factual information be verified through references to other credible sources? • Based on what you already know about the subject, or have checked from other
sources, does this information seem credible? • Is it clear who has the responsibility for the accuracy of the information presented? Is it
on a site like Wikipedia which can be edited by anyone? • If data are presented in graphs or charts, is the source of the data clear? • Look at the NIPCC website and ask yourself if the information seems credible and
accurate.
Currency • Is there a date stating when the document was originally created? • Is it clear when the source was last updated, revised or edited? • Are there any indications that the material is updated frequently or consistently to
ensure currency of the content? • If online, are any links to other websites current?
Objectivity
• Is the page free of advertising? If the page does contain advertising, are the ads clearly separated from the content?
• Does the page display a particular bias or perspective? Or is the information presented factually, without bias?
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• Is it clear and forthcoming about its view of the subject? • Does it use inflammatory or provocative language?
Coverage
• Does the source update other works, support other works you've read, or add new information?
• Does the source cover the topic comprehensively, or does it only cover one aspect? Make sure to analyze enough sources to obtain a range of viewpoints on all facets of the topic.
• For books, a table of contents and index can be helpful in assessing the coverage of the work.
• For online sources, is the site complete or still under construction? Does the source seem stable, or is it likely to change much between the time you read it and the time your research is finished?
• For online sources, if there is a print equivalent to the website, is there clear indication of whether the entire work or only a portion is available online?
Purpose and Audience • Why was the source created -‐ to educate? sell a product? advocate a viewpoint? • Is the publication aimed at a general or a specialized audience? • Is the source too elementary, too technical, too advanced, or just right for your research
needs? • Which parts of the information presented are fact and which are opinion?
http://wiki.ubc.ca/Library:Evaluating_Information_Sources
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How do I use my sources? (10min)
Quoting/Paraphrasing
Academic Integrity and Plagiarism
The use of another's intellectual property such words, phrases, ideas or thoughts, as well recorded or published works without attributing the other's contribution is an ethical offense that can have professional as well as academic consequences. Taking credit for work completed by another or resubmitting your own work without acknowledging the previous use are also examples of plagiarism.
Plagiarism in the News:
• German Education Minister Resigns Amidst Plagiarism Scandal (Feb. 10, 2013) • Toronto School Board Head Resigns, Plagiarism Allegations Grow (Jan. 10, 2013) • Internal Probe Finds UW Prof Guilty of Plagiarism (Jan. 8, 2013) • New Plagiarism Cases Cause Second Thoughts in Germany (March 11, 2013) • Plagiarism in Successful NSF Proposals (March 10, 2013)
Dalhousie University Academic Integrity
• Guidelines and Resources • You Quote It, You Note It Tutorial
Quoting, Paraphrasing or Summarizing? What's the difference?
Quotations must be identical to the original, using a narrow segment of the source. They must match the source document word for word and must be attributed to the original author.
"Access to courts of justice is a fundamental right in western societies. The ability to stand before your accusers and offer evidence in your defense is essential to our right to security of the person. However important this right is, there exist in Canada gate-‐keeping mechanisms that historically and contemporarily limit a person’s access to this venue. One of these is the requirement of oaths in court."
Michels and Blaikie, L’État et la diversité culturelle et religieuse 1800-‐1914, (Quebec: Presses de l'Université du Québec, 2009) at 14.
Paraphrasing involves putting a passage from source material into your own words. A paraphrase must also be attributed to the original source. Paraphrased material is usually shorter than the original passage, taking a somewhat broader segment of the source and condensing it slightly.
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It is a fundamental right in the West to be able to personally defend yourself in courts of law. Michels and Blaikie identified court oaths in as gatekeeper mechanisms that have limited access throughout Canadian history. Michels and Blaikie, L’État et la diversité culturelle et religieuse 1800-‐1914, (Quebec: Presses de l'Université du Québec, 2009).
Summarizing involves putting the main idea(s) into your own words, including only the main point(s). Once again, it is necessary to attribute summarized ideas to the original source. Summaries are significantly shorter than the original and take a broad overview of the source material.
Michels and Blaikie argue that oaths act as gate keeping mechanisms for the courts.
Michels and Blaikie, L’État et la diversité culturelle et religieuse 1800-‐1914, (Quebec: Presses de l'Université du Québec, 2009).
Citing your Sources
Where you publish and in what discipline will determine what citation style you use. Always refer to the publisher's information for prospective authors.
Common Citation Styles in Law
• Canadian Guide to Uniform Legal Citation, 7th ed. (McGill) (Dal Law) • The Bluebook A Uniform System of Citation, 19th ed. (Harvard) (Dal Law) • Guide to Foreign and International Legal Citations, 2nd ed. (New York) (Dal Law) • New Zealand Law Style Guide, 2nd ed. (web) • The Australian Guide to Legal Citation, 3rd ed. (pdf) • Oxford University Standard of Citation for Legal Authorities, 4th ed. (pdf) (Dal Law)
Other Common Citation Styles
• The Canadian Press Stylebook: A Guide for Writers and Editors, 16th ed. (Dal Law) (HPL: 13th ed.)
• MLA Handbook for Writers of Research papers, 7th ed. (English) (Dal Law) • Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 10th ed. (Dal Law) (HPL) • The Chicago Manual of Style, 15th ed. (Dal Law) (HPL) • AMA Manual of Style: A Guide for Authors and Editors, 10th ed. (Medicine) (Dal Law) • Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals (vancouver) •
The following are a sample of secondary source citations using the McGill format.
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Book Reviews
• Tastad, Mary. Book Review of Legal Research and Writing by Ted Tjaden, (2002) 27 Can L Libraries 42.
• Arbuckle, Kathryn. Book Review of Legal Research and Writing by Ted Tjaden, (Sept 2002) 40 Alta L Rev 519.
Books
• Fitzgerald, Maureen F. Legal Problem Solving: Reasoning, Research and Writing, 5th ed (Markham, ON: LexisNexis, 2010).
• Kerr, Margaret, JoAnn Kurtz, and Arlene Blatt. Legal Research: Step by Step. 3rd ed (Toronto, ON: Emond Montgomery, 2010).
• MacEllven, D T et al. Legal Research Handbook, 5 ed (Markham, ON: LexisNexis, 2003).
Articles
• Colbran, Stephen & Belinda Tynan. "Australian Law Postgraduate Network" (2006) 16 Legal Educ Rev 35.
• Cooper, Donna et al. "The Emergence of the JD in the Australian Legal Education Marketplace and its Impact on Academic Standards" (2011) 21 Legal Education Review 23.
• Loughnan, Arlie & Rita Shackel. “The Travails of Postgraduate Research in Law. (Australia)” (2009) 19 Legal Educ Rev 99
Theses
• Apold, Victoria. Commercial Surrogacy: Reconsidering Canada's criminal prohibition (LLM Dalhousie law School, 2005) [unpublished].
• Bartlett, Amy Christine. The Prevention of Violence in Intrastate Conflict: Opportunities for an International Response System (LLM Dalhousie Law School, 2005) [unpublished].
Web-‐documents
• Strategis Guide for Canadian Legal Research (24 November 2006), online: Industry Canada, .
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Where do I Publish?
1. What’s the best journal or publisher?
Again, this depends on your publishing goal: academic or professional, peer-‐reviewed or editor-‐reviewed, and your field/discipline. There are tools that can assist you in locating appropriate publishers.
Online Catalogues: subject search/narrow by material type/subject
A general search of the WorldCat catalogue for a particular subject will generate a wide collection of materials. The filter features to the left will allow you to reduce your results down to books or print and electronic journals.
Journal Ranking sites: Washington and Lee University Law Journal Rankings: http://lawlib.wlu.edu/LJ/index.aspx
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Journal rankings can be problematic but with care they can be useful tools. For a fuller discussion on the ranking question see the helpful analysis from CALT.
“Ranking World Law Journals”, Canadian Association of Law Teachers, Online: http://www.acpd-‐calt.org/?p=1589.
2. Open Access Publishing
It is increasingly important to consider Open Access publishing. Open access promotes broader access to academic research by scholars, students, professionals and the general public.
The concept of open access continues to evolve, but in general, it means that works such as peer-‐reviewed journal articles, graduate theses, data, or other types of scholarly information are made available free of charge, immediately (no publisher delay or embargo), and in a permanently accessible, online format.
• Dalhousie Libraries Open Access Subject Guide • Sherpa/Romeo – Publisher Copyright Policies & Self-‐Archiving • OpenDOAR Search for Repositories
3. Surveying the Market
I need to be able to demonstrate to the publisher the need for this book or collection. How can I determine what has been published in this market?
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• Global Books in Print (Dalhousie Subscription Service)
GBIP provides bibliographic data and price information for English-‐language books worldwide as well as many books in Spanish and some in French and German and other languages, wherever published. It includes Books In Print (U.S. and Canada), Whitaker’s BookBank (U.K.), International Books In Print (Continental Europe, Africa, Asia, and Latin America) and Australian and New Zealand Books In Print (Australia, New Zealand, and the Oceanic states).
• Amazon / Chapters (General/Popular) • WorldCat (Academic Treatises)