How a nuclear power plant works

Welcome to Chernobyl

Pripyat

Ground deposition of radioactive Caesium 137 following the Chernobyl disaster

Increased radiation dose across EuropeMay 3, 1986

Dispersal of radioactive Caesium137

Projected containment unit under construction

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Welcome to Chernobyl

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• The Soviet-designed RBMK (reaktor bolshoy moshchnosty kanalny, high-power channel reactor) is a pressurised water-cooled reactor with individual fuel channels and using graphite as its moderator.

• It is also known as the light water graphite reactor (LWGR). It is very different from most other power reactor designs as it derived from a design principally for plutonium production and was intended and used in Russia for both plutonium and power production.

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•The Chernobyl accident in 1986 was the result of a flawed reactor design that was operated with inadequately trained personnel.•The resulting steam explosion and fires released at least 5% of the radioactive reactor core into the atmosphere and downwind – some 5200 PBq (I-131 eq).•Two Chernobyl plant workers died on the night of the accident, and a further 28 people died within a few weeks as a result of acute radiation poisoning.

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Summary of average accumulated doses to affected populations from Chernobyl fallout

• Liquidators (1986–1989) 600 000 ~100

• Evacuees from highly-contaminated zone (1986) 116 000 33

• Residents of “strict-control” zones (1986–2005) 270 000 >50

• Residents of other ‘contaminated’ areas (1986–2005) 5 000 000 10–20

• Population category Number Average dose (mSv)

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