DISASTER MANAGEMENT

• Sonali• Apeks

ha• Palvi

• Juhi • Neha

PRESENTED BY…

WHAT IS DISASTER?Disaster is a sudden, calamitous event

bringing great damage, loss, and destruction and devastation to life and property. The damage caused by disasters is immeasurable and varies with the geographical location, climate and the type of the earth surface/degree of vulnerability. This influences the mental, socio-economic, political and cultural state of the affected area.

Thus, in simple terms we can define disaster as a hazard causing heavy loss to life, property and livelihood.

e.g. a cyclone killing 10,000 lives and a crop loss of one crore can be termed as disaster. 

Type Of Disasters

NATURAL DISASTER

MAN-MADE DISASTER

NATURAL DISASTER Natural disasters are often

frightening & difficult for us to understand,because we have no control over when & where they happen Places that are more likely to have natural disasters, such as the earthquake-prone Pacific Ring of Fire,or coastal areas vulnerable to hurricanes,require accurate methods of predicting disasters and warning the public quickly natural disaster is the effect of a natural hazard that affects the environment, & leads to financial,environmental & human losses.

EARTHQUAKEAn earthquake (also known as a quake, tremor, or temblor) is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves.

An earthquake is the shaking & vibration of the Earth’s crust due to movement of plates

Cont….Earthquakes can happen along any type of plate boundary. They also occur along faults which are large cracks in the earth’s crust. Most faults are associated with large plate boundaries where violent earthquakes usually occur.

CAUSES EARTHQUAKES?

1. eruption of volcanoes: which are sudden,& as is known volcanoes are seat of inner disturbance and can effect the plates.

2. disturbance in the movement of plates: which again can be caused due to various reasons like under crust waves or cracks in the plates.

 

EFFECTS OF EARTHQUAKES

 PRIMARY EFFECTS occur immediately, and are all due to the shaking of the ground e.g. buildings collapsing, destruction of roads and bridges.Primary effects:-         Over 20,000 deaths-         More than 100,000 buildings were destroyed-         Over 100,000 families homeless. -         Transport links destroyed-         Landslides 

SECONDARY EFFECTS happen afterwards, but can be even more devastating e.g. fire, tidal waves and disease and landslides  Secondary effects: -  Services unavailable e.g. water, electricity and sewageIntense heat and dust (people who were made homeless had no shelter, thus were exposed)

EARTHQUAKE FACTS The point directly above the hypocenter on the earth's

surface is called as the 'epicenter'. The calculated value of the earthquake size is called as the 'magnitude'.

The measure of the shaking due to the earthquake is called as the 'intensity'. Earthquakes do occur in cold, hot or rainy climate and so, the concept of 'earthquake weather' has not been established.

A majority of earthquakes have been recorded at a depth of less than 80 km i.e. 50 miles below the earth's surface

Most of the earthquakes take place along plate boundaries. For example, the boundary between the Pacific plate and the

North American plate or the huge Pacific plate.

2010 HAITI EARTHQUAKEThe 2010 Haiti earthquake was

a catastrophic magnitude 7.0 Mw earthquake, with an epicenter near the town of Léogâne, approximately 25 km west of Port-au-Prince ,Haiti 's capital.

The earthquake occurred at 16:53 local time on Tuesday, 12 January 2010.

 The Haitian Government reports that,1) 217,000-230,000 people dead2) 300,000 injured3) 1,000,000 homeless 4) 250,000 residences5) 30,000 commercial buildings 

The earthquake caused major damage to port-au-prince, jacmel and other settlements in the region.

Among those killed were archbishop of port-au-prince joseph serge miot and opposition leader micha gaillard. 

The headquarters of the united nations stabilization mission in haiti , located in the capital, collapsed, killing many, including the mission's chief, hédi annabi

Cont……

In the nights following the earthquake, many people

in Haiti slept in the streets, on pavements, in their cars, or in makeshift shanty towns either because their houses had been destroyed, or they feared standing structures would not withstand aftershocks

RECOVERY U.S. President Barack Obama announced that former

presidents Bill Clinton, who also acts as the UN special representative to Haiti, and George W. Bush would coordinate efforts to raise funds for Haiti's recovery.

Secretary of State Hillary Clinton visited Haiti on 16 January to survey the damage and stated that US$48 million had been raised already in the U.S. to help Haiti recover.

President Préval stated that the highest priorities in Haiti's recovery were establishing a working government, clearing roads, and ensuring the streets were cleared of bodies to improve sanitary conditions.

FINANCIAL AIDA. European Union:US$474 MillionB. Brazil:US$210 Million(long-

term Recovery Aid)/US$15 Million (Immediate Funds)

C. UK:Us$32.7 MillionD. France :US$14.4 Million E. Italy:Us$55.7 MillionF. U.S.:US$100 MillionG. Canada:US$131.5 million

MESSAGE FROM PRIME MINISTER

Prime Minister Bellerive announced that from January 20, people would be helped to relocate outside the zone of devastation, to areas where they may be able to rely on relatives or better fend for themselves; people who have been made homeless would be relocated to the makeshift camps created by residents within the city, where a more focused delivery of aid and sanitation could be achieved.

PHASES The process of emergency management involves four

phases:I. MitigationII. PreparednessIII. ResponseIV. Recovery

MITIGATION Mitigation efforts attempt to prevent hazards from

developing into disasters altogether, or to reduce the effects of disasters when they occur.

The mitigation phase differs from the other phases because it focuses on long-term measures for reducing or eliminating risk.  

The implementation of mitigation strategies can be considered a part of the recovery process if applied after a disaster occurs.Mitigative measures can be structural or non-structural.

 Mitigation is the most cost-efficient method for reducing the impact of hazards, however it is not always suitable

PREPAREDNESS In the preparedness phase, emergency managers develop plans

of action for when the disaster strikes. Common preparedness measures include:

communication plans with easily understandable terminology and methods.

proper maintenance and training of emergency services, including mass human resources.

development and exercise of emergency population warning methods combined with emergency shelters and evacuation plans.

stockpiling, inventory, and maintain disaster supplies and equipment

develop organizations of trained volunteers among civilian populations.

RESPONSE The response phase includes the mobilization of the

necessary emergency services and first responders in the disaster area.

This is likely to include a first wave of core emergency services etc. A well rehearsed emergency plan developed as part of the preparedness phase enables efficient coordination of rescue.

Organizational response to any significant disaster - natural or terrorist-borne - is based on existing emergency management organizational systems and processes

RECOVERY# The aim of the recovery phase is to restore the affected area

to its previous state. # It differs from the response phase in its focus; recovery

efforts are concerned with issues and decisions that must be made after immediate needs are addressed.

# Recovery efforts are primarily concerned with actions that involve rebuilding destroyed property, re-employment, and the repair of other essential infrastructure. 

# Citizens of the affected area are more likely to accept more mitigative changes when a recent disaster is in fresh memory.