Presentation Sample.Bullying
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Transcript of Presentation Sample.Bullying
Bullying Prevention and Intervention
Recommended Intervention Guidelines and Specific Intervention Strategies
Presentation by Debbie Bassett
“Spectrum of aggressive behaviors ranging from overt acts of physical violence to far more subtle, yet equally destructive, patterns of verbal or relational cruelty” (Feinberg, 2003, p. 10)
Aggressive behaviors (intentional, harmful) from a more powerful person/group continually aimed at a less powerful individual, usually without provocation
Links many troublesome school issues (i.e. suicide, academic difficulties, substance abuse)
One study showed 44% of students bullied at least once during a school year
What is bullying?
(Feinberg, 2003; Garringer, 2008)
Consequences for Victims:◦ Less connected to peers, adults, school ◦Develop poorer peer relationships◦ Take part in less extracurricular activities◦ Experience loneliness, isolation, anxiety, depression
71% of school shooters had been victims
Consequences for Bullies:◦Depression◦High levels of anger◦Decreased academic achievement◦Negative perceptions of school environment◦ Frequently victims themselves (bullying or abuse)
Impact of Bullying
(Garringer, 2008)
Bullying acts often go unrecognized◦ Acts are not always the obvious “bullying” activities of
hitting/name calling◦ Bullying is a subtype of aggression shown in various forms
(i.e., damaging peer relationships, Cyber-bullying)◦ Bullies may be socially competent- bullying to retain status
in a group Adults not intervening◦ 25% of teachers report it is unnecessary to step in◦ Behavior dismissed as “kids will be kids”
Adolescents hide social lives from adults Some programs are expensive, difficult to implement,
and miss site-specific problem components
Barriers to prevention?
(Feinberg, 2003; Garringer, 2008; Pepler & Craig, 2011)
School-Wide Foundation◦ Value System (Caring, respect, personal responsibility)◦ Positive discipline/supports◦ Clear behavioral expectations & consequences◦ Skill development◦ Greater adult supervision & parent involvement
Effective Bullying Prevention
Universal Prevention includes:Reinforcing Protective Factors + Reducing Risk
Following factors are important in the approach to prevention and intervention (Based on research/work of D. Olweus)
(Feinberg, 2003)
Early Interventions◦ Target specific risk factors for your school◦ At classroom level, teach positive behavior & critical
thinking skills (with lessons, discussions, parent meetings)
Intensive one-on-one interventions◦ Individual support for bullies and victims
Meetings with students and parents Counseling Sustained child/family supports
GOAL: “Create a culture in which adults stop all bullying immediately, all students learn positive behaviors and become a part of the anti-bullying solution, and the needs of individual students are met” (Feinberg, 2003, p. 10-11)
Factors important in the approach to prevention and intervention (continues)
Coordinate with schools in district (maintain similar plan/culture as students transition between schools)
Assess degree of problem Set up a coordinating team (develop/implement activities)
Include school community
Recommended Intervention GuidelinesLaying the Groundwork
(Feinberg, 2003)
Develop a conduct code with values, acceptable behaviors, and defined consequences
Consistently Enforce Consequences ◦ Sanctions + Supportive interventions
Help students create a sense of responsibility for their school community
“Distinguish between ‘ratting’ and ‘reporting’ All school personnel receives training Be aware of cultural needs Increase adult supervision School-wide prevention activities
Recommended Intervention GuidelinesConstruct a School-Wide Foundation
(Feinberg, 2003, p. 11)
In the classroom, target and teach skills and values
Lessons on conflict resolution/peer mediation
Conduct Parent Meetings
Recommended Intervention GuidelinesDo Early Interventions
(Feinberg, 2003, p. 12-13)
Create an Intervention/Investigation Protocol Determine underlined cause of bullying behavior Help child determine alternate behaviors and reinforce
appropriate behaviors Assist Parents Address off-campus bullying
Recommended Intervention GuidelinesIndividual Intervention
(Feinberg, 2003, p. 12-13)
Interventions: For the Bully
(Pepler & Craig, 2011, p.2)
Intervention Goals: Redirect leadership potential from negative, bully strategies to positive
leadership skills/opportunities Support child as they discover positive ways to gain power and status in
his/her social group/relations Provide students with “formative, rather than punitive consequences –
interventions that provide a clear message that bullying is unacceptable, but that also build awareness, skills, empathy and insights .”
Provide appealing alternatives to bullying Examples: (from cite below)• Encourage student to read a story or watch a movie and write about
how hurtful bullying can be
• Elicit student’s help to implement anti-bully programs in younger grades
Bullies have learned to assert their social power in a negative, aggressive manner
Intervention Goals: (from Pepler & Craig, 2011, p.3) Protect victims and help them develop positive connections with
peers and a trusted adult. Assess the child’s individual and relationship strengths and
weaknesses (Including: Social and assertiveness skills, Emotional/behavioral regulation, Internalizing problems)
Provide social skills programs Aim to provide moment-to-moment support for victim Examples (in and outside classroom):
establish buddiescircles of support peer mentors ways to highlight the victimized child’s talents for others to see
Aim to provide moment-to-moment support for victim, teachers, peers
Interventions: For the VictimVictims not only experience abuse, but may perceive a lack of support from peers observing the bullying and/or from adults unaware of the issue.
Peers can be coached in taking a stand and intervening when bullying occurs.
Children may need scripts for what to say and do to intervene in a positive way.
When more than one child steps in, it can help shift the balance of power away from the bully.
The key is for adults to establish conditions in which children feel responsible.
Children need to feel safe and to be encouraged to take the risk of speaking out against bullying.
Adults who listen respectfully and respond with relationship solutions will facilitate the development of social justice and give children the power to act.
(Information taken directly from Pepler & Craig, 2011, p. 4)
Interventions: For Witnesses
Uphold strict, close monitoring of on-school multi-media technology
Block access to particular websites used for uploading/sharing information in a harmful manner
Lead seminars/trainings or provide information to parents on cyber-bullying, monitoring suggestions, misuse of home computers or other devices
Faculty training on recognizing early signs of cyber-bullying victimization
Encourage school personnel to be vigilant about looking for negative information (i.e., pictures, video clips, sound bites) circulating among the students
Intervention Strategies: Cyber-bullying
(Cook, Williams, Guerra, & Tuthill, 2007)
Olweus Bullying Prevention Program – http://www.clemson.edu/olweus/evidence.html
Stop Cyberbullying – http://www.stopcyberbullying.org
Anti-Bullying Network- http://www.antibullying.net/whatsnew.htm
Useful Resources
(Cook, Williams, Guerra, & Tuthill, 2007)
The Olweus Bully Prevention Programhttp://wch.uhs.wisc.edu/13-Eval/Tools/Resources/Model%20Programs/Olweus%20Bully.pdf Bully-Proofing Your Middle School (or Elementary School)www.sopriswest.com/swstore/product.asp?sku=454
PeaceBuilderswww.peacebuilders.com PATHS (Providing Alternative Thinking Strategies)www.channing-bete.com/positiveyouth/pages/PATHS/PATHS.html
RCCP (Resolving Conflict Creatively Program)http://esrnational.org/professional-services/elementary-school/prevention/resolving-conflict-creatively-program-rccp/ Second Stephttp://www.cfchildren.org/programs/ssp/overview/
Anti-Bullying ProgramsFrom NASP (Feinberg, 2003)
Cook, C., Williams, K., Guerra, N., & Tuthill, L. (2007, September). Cyberbulling: What it is and what we can do about it. NASP Communiqué, 36(1), Retrieved from Communiqué Online at http://www.nasponline.org/publications/cq/mocq361cyberbullying.aspx
Feinberg, T. (2003, September). Bully prevention and intervention. Principal Leadership, 4(1), 10-14, Retrieved from http://www.nasponline.org/resources/principals/nassp_bullying.aspx
Garringer, M. (2008). Case studies in youth mentoring: Bullying prevention and intervention. Retrieved from the U.S. Department of Education, Office of Safe and Drug-Free schools, Mentoring Resource Center at http://educationnorthwest.org/webfm_send/297
Pepler, D., & Craig, W. (2011). Bulling, interventions and the role of adults. Retrieved from education.com at http://www.education.com/reference/article/role-of-adults-in-preventing-bullying/
References