Presentation on TARI Seminar Series

Preliminary findings of the Reintegration Needs Assessment

14 December 2005

Banda Aceh

Methodology:

Research aims and questions

Aims:

• Socio-economic needs of returnees i.e. GAM and political prisoners

• Socio-economic needs of receiving communities

• Current reintegration dynamics

Research themes:

• Provide a socio-economic profile of returnees

• Determine medium and longer term needs of returnees

• Determine how these needs fit with needs of receiving communities

• Identify issues and obstacles to reintegration

Methodology:

Research methods• Mixed-methods: quantitative and qualitative• In-depth qualitative field research

– 3 Research teams– 6 kab, 9+ kec, 36+ villages – In-depth interviews, FGDs and participatory

observation

• Quantitative survey– Political prisoner census (IOM)– Combatant sample survey (600+ respondents)

SPADA Locations

SabangPulo Aceh

Kab Pidie

Aceh Jaya

Aceh Tengah

Aceh Barat

Aceh Utara

Kab. Bireuen

Aceh Selatan

A.Tenggara

Aceh Barat Daya

Aceh Timur

Singkil

Gayo Lues

Nagan Raya

Tamiang

Kab Simeulu

Kota Lhokseumawe

Langsa

Pulo banyak

Banda

Aceh

Aceh Besar

Bener Meriah

Phase 1 Phase 2

Methodology:

Timeframe• Round One (November)

– Aceh Selatan– Aceh Tengah & Bener Meriah– Aceh Timur

• Round Two (December)– Aceh Jaya– Aceh Utara– Pidie

• Round Three (January)

Methodology: Outputs

• Interim report (end December)

• Final report (end of January 2006)

• Weekly updates (Governor’s office)

Preliminary findings:

Socio-economic profiles• Much higher numbers of returnees• Variation amongst returnees i.e. age,

education, years with GAM• Significant numbers of female combatants i.e.

in Pidie 5-20% per village• Half returnees already returned to previous

livelihoods• Returnee numbers and conflict damage vary

within kecamatan

Preliminary findings:

Reintegration dynamics• GAM and communities are confident in the

peace process• High level of acceptance of returnees• GAM returnees still subject to GAM leadership• Some tension amongst returning and

surrendered GAM• High community awareness but low

understanding of MoU and AMM• Some post-AMM safety and security concerns

Preliminary findings:

Assistance dynamics

• Some tensions amongst GAM over jadup

• Isolated incidents of “extortion”• GAM hierarchy still important for

agreement on targeted assistance• Potential for conflict if only returnees

targeted

Preliminary findings: Returnee and community needs

• Needs of returnees and receiving communities are similar

• Immediate and longer term needs distinguished

Preliminary findings: Summary of needs

A

Returnee immediateHousing (family)FoodHealthLivelihood support

B

Returnee longer termCapitalEducation and trainingHealth (psychological)

C

Community immediateHousingFoodHealthLivelihood support

D

Community longer termCapitalInfrastructure i.e. Irrigation, roads, bridgesTraining and EducationHealth servicesHome industries

Conclusions: Implications for reintegration programming• Targeting

– Focus on community as well as returnees

• Data– More accurate data collection at village level

• Mechanisms– Appropriate delivery mechanisms for GAM returnees needs

clarification

• Complaints handling– To catch those who slip through

• Post-AMM safety and security