PRESENTATION OF NIKER EU PROJECT - -...

ENGINEER’S SEMINAR: HISTORIC BUILDINGS AND EARTHQUAKE

11-12 DECEMBER 2011, MIKVE ISRAEL, ISRAEL

PRESENTATION OF NIKER EU PROJECT

SPEAKER: PROF. CLAUDIO MODENA & FRANCESCA DA PORTO

DEPARTMENT OF STRUCTURAL & TRANSPORTATIONS ENGINEERING

UNIVERSITY OF PADOVA, ITALY

PRESENTATION OF NIKER EU PROJECT PROF. CLAUDIO MODENA

PRESENTATION OF NIKER

INTRODUCTION Post-earthquake survey of damages after seismic event allowed the scientific community to understand the drawback and limitation of the state-of-the-art technologies and approaches applied at the time.



Some defects that make useless the effects of the interventions and even increase the vulnerability of Cultural Heritage assests can arise for various reasons.

Inadequate intervention: infinitely rigid diaphragms at roof level

Inadequate analysis of historic structures

Use of Inadequate materials that give rise to chemical, physical and mechanical incompatibility

INTRODUCTION



Proposes the development of a new integrated methodology for solving the problems, aiming at improving the general safety level and for reducing the loss of artistic value.

INNOVATION IN THE FOLLOWING AREAS

• Materials and techniques for intervention

• Studies and techniques for structural connections

• Testing and sub-structuring test methods

• Optimization approach for CH buildings

• Monitoring and early warning systems

• Integrated, multidisciplinary approach for CH

• Standardization

NIKER PROJECT



WP8: Parametric modelling of structural

behaviour

WP9: Knowledge based assessment W

P2

: Dis

sem

inat

ion

an

d e

xplo

ita

tio

n

WP4: Optimization of design for vertical

elements

WP3: Damage based selection of technologies

WP

1: P

roje

ct m

anag

em

en

t

WP7: Systemic improvement of seismic response

WP10: Guidelines

for end-users

WP5: Optimization of design for floors roofs

and vaults

WP6: Connections and dissipative systems with

early warning

PROJECT STRUCTURE



New structured database on earthquake induced failure mechanisms, construction types and materials, interventions and assessment techniques.

MAIN SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL OBJECTS WP3 - DAMAGE BASED SELECTION OF TECHNOLOGIES



WP3 - DAMAGE BASED SELECTION OF TECHNOLOGIES

New structured database on earthquake induced failure mechanisms, construction types and materials, interventions and assessment techniques.

MAIN SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL OBJECTS



• Construction material

• Construction type

• Environmental conditions

• Innovation also within tradition

Development of materials and techniques for intervention on structural elements (WP3; WP4; WP5), based on:




D3.1 Inventory of earthquake-induced failure mechanisms related to construction types, structural elements, and materials

D3.2 Critical review of retrofitting and reinforcement techniques related to possible failure mechanisms and requirements

D3.3 Critical review of methodologies and tools for assessment of failure mechanisms and interventions

D3.4 Critical review for the onsite control of the repair technique and interventions

PROJECT RESULTS - WP3



• Injection with nano-hydraulic-limes, micro-silica, earthen grouts

• Repointing and reinforced repointing

• FRP-SRP/SRG application

• Glass fibre, geo textiles and stainless steel elements

WP4 - OPTIMIZATION OF DESIGN FOR VERTICAL ELEMENTS

Technological solutions for vertical elements: walls and pillars, with compatibility, durability, effectiveness, feasibility and design related issues, based on:




PROJECT RESULTS - WP4 - BAM Earthen walls under static and cyclic loading

• Static experiments on small sized wall segments

Earth block (adobe) Rammed earth Cob



PROJECT RESULTS - WP4 - UNIPD STONE MASONRY WALLS

The static tests are composed essentially by

simple compression test and shear-

compression in-plane cyclic tests on

reinforced and unreinforced stone masonry

panels which allow characterizing the

complex mechanical behavior of this material

and elements, extremely useful for the

numerical simulation of this type of material

and structure.

Simple Compression Tests

Shear-Compression Tests



PROJECT RESULTS - WP4 - UMINHO Half-timbered walls

A varying vertical pre-compression will be applied, namely 90, 120 and 150kN, to be divided in the

vertical posts.

Reinforcement will be applied on the tested walls in terms of additional nails or screws, steel plates,

GFRP or TRM.

142

224

24

200100

200

300

236

242

125

12

18

40



• Bracing with FRP and SRP strips for floors and roofs

• Dry wood-to-wood techniques for floors

• Reinforced transverse vertical diaphragms for vaults

• FRP and SRP application, special alloys ties and anchors

• Pins and grouting mortars in horizontal earthen elements

WP5 - OPTIMIZATION OF DESIGN FOR FLOORS, ROOF AND VAULTS

Technological solutions for horizontal elements: floors, roofs and vaults, with compatibility, durability, effectiveness, feasibility and design related issues, based on:




WP5 - EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

Results - Examples

In-plane monotonic and cyclic tests on unreinforced and reinforced timber floors

0 2 4 6 8

10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

FM

SB

FM

FM

+45°S

P(4

0)

FM

+45°S

P(2

5)

FM

+45°S

P(3

3)

FM

±45°D

P(2

5)

FM

Wood D

(25)

FM

SR

P D

FM

CF

RP

D

FM

Ste

el

D

FM

Wood D

(50)

FM

net

HV

FM

net

HE

FM

net

Wood

D(5

0)

Fm

ax [

kN

] Fmax

- PLANKINGS DIAGONALS NET

PROJECT RESULTS - WP5 - UNIPD



WP5 - EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS PROJECT RESULTS - WP5 - ITAM

Results - Bare timber Hysteresis curves

Results - Wooden ceiling (timber) with the rammed earth floor

In-plane cyclic tests on timber ceilings in original and strengthened conditions



WP5 - EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS PROJECT RESULTS - WP5 - MINHO

Full scale tests

Loading tests on reinforced and unreinforced wooden trusses

The truss showed an elastic-plastic and relatively symmetrical response to the applied loads.



WP5 - EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS PROJECT RESULTS - WP5 - UBATH

Testing setup - Arches on spreading supports Single ring of recycled Victorian

bricks and NHL 5 lime mortar.

Arch span: 2.0 m

Arch rise: 0.5 m

fc: 5.5/6.0 MPa

ft: 0.18/0.20 MPa

Fixed abutment Sliding abutment. Movement is

controlled by hydraulic jack that is

released while the arch is loaded by

adding weights on top



WP6 – CONNECTIONS AND DISSIPATIVE SYSTEM WITH EARLY WARNING

Techniques for connections: wall-to-wall; floor-to-wall; roof-to-wall:

• Corner confinement with FRP/SRP/SRG

• Steel angle connections or steel bed joint repointing

• Dissipative device and sensoring system in anchors




0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0

Load

[kN

]

Displacement [mm]

Pull-out - Standard

Pull-out - Yielding No 1

FE - 2D with substrata

-300

-200

-100

0

100

200

300

400

500

-5000 0 5000 10000 15000 20000

Stre

ss [M

Pa]

Strain [10e-6]

Dissipative element

Anchorage

Dissipative element - FE

Anchorage - FE

PROJECT RESULTS - WP5 - UBATH WP6 - EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS



Characterization of the seismic behaviour of original substructures and substructures strengthened with integrated interventions by shaking table tests (WP7).

WP7 - SYSTEMIC IMPROVEMENT OF OVERALL SEISMIC RESPONSE MAIN SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL OBJECTS




Two building models were

realized with both the same

materials and geometry.

1. First model to be initially

tested in

unstrengthened

conditions

2. Second model to be strengthened through injection before the test

Reducing scale factor: 2:3

Masonry thickness: 0.33m

Floor Dimensions: 2.40mx2.8m

Overall height: 3.60m

Regular openings

Timber beams

Double planking wooden floors

Insertion of steel tie rods

WP7 - SYSTEMIC IMPROVEMENT OF OVERALL SEISMIC RESPONSE



-300

-200

-100

0

100

200

300

400

-2000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000

Strain [10e-6]

Stre

ss [

MPa

]

Connection

Dissipative

element

Characterization of the seismic behaviour of original substructures and substructures strengthened with integrated interventions by shaking table tests (WP7).




Integration, validation and assessment of intervention techniques by evaluation of overall seismic response of model buildings on shaking table (WP7).




• Reliable models for connections and substructures

• Parametric assessment for identifying interactions

• Sensitivity study to quantify building seismic performance and response parameters

• Optimized performance based design procedures

WP8 – PARAMETRIC MODELLING OF STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOUR MAIN SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL OBJECTS



• Reliable models for connections and substructures

• Parametric assessment for identifying interactions

• Sensitivity study to quantify building seismic performance and response parameters

• Optimized performance based design procedures (WP8) Th_7

-0,3

-0,2

-0,1

0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0 5 10 15 20

Time [s]

Ag

[g]

WP8 – PARAMETRIC MODELLING OF STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOUR MAIN SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL OBJECTS



Calibration of innovative measuring devices or systems, and on-site application for:

• assessment of local and global behaviour

• early warning

• model calibration

• quality assessment and long-term check of effectiveness (WP9)

WP9 – KNOWLEDGE BASED ASSESSMENT MAIN SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL OBJECTS



PM 1 PM 2 PM 3 PM 4 PM 5 PM 6 PM 7 PM 8 PM 9 PM 10 PM 11 PM 12 PM 13 PM 14 PM 15 PM 16 PM 17 PM 18 PM 19 PM 20 PM 21 PM 22 PM 23 PM 24 PM 25 PM 26 PM 27 PM 28 PM 29 PM 30 PM 31 PM 32 PM 33 PM 34 PM 35 PM 36

WP 1

(UNIPD - IT)

WP 1.1 D 1.1 D 1.1

WP1.1 /

WP1.2

D 1.2, 1.3, 1.4,

1.5, 1.6, 1.7D 1.2 D 1.3 D 1.4 D 1.5 D 1.6 D 1.7

WP 2

(UMINHO -

PT)WP2.1 D 2.3 & D 2.7 D 2.3 D 2.7

WP2.2D 2.1, 2.2, 2.4,

2.5, 2.6 & 2.8D 2.1 D 2.2 D 2.4 D 2.5 D 2.6 D 2.8

WP 3

(POLIMI – IT)

D 3.1 D 3.1

D 3.2 D 3.2

D 3.3 D 3.3

D 3.4 D 3.4

WP3.2 D 3.5 D 3.5

WP3.4 D 3.6 D 3.6

WP3.3 D 3.7 D 3.7

WP 4

(BAM – DE)

D 4.1 D 4.1

D 4.2 D 4.2

D 4.3 D 4.3

D 4.4 D 4.4

D 4.5 D 4.5

WP 5

(UNIPD - IT)

D 5.1 D 5.1

D 5.2 D 5.2

D 5.3 D 5.3

D 5.4 D 5.4

D 5.5 D 5.5

WP 6

(BATH – UK)

WP6.1 D 6.1 D 6.1

WP6.2 D 6.2 D 6.2

D 6.3 D 6.3

D 6.4 D 6.4

WP6.2 D 6.5 D 6.5

WP 7

(NTUA – GR)

WP7.1 D 7.1 D 7.1

WP7.2 D 7.2 D 7.2

D 7.3 D 7.3

D 7.4 D 7.4

WP7.2 D 7.5 D 7.5WP 8

(UMINHO -

PT)D 8.1 D 8.1

D 8.2 D 8.2

D 8.3 D 8.3

D 8.4 D 8.4

WP 9

(UPC – ES)

WP9.1 D 9.1 D 9.1

D 9.2 D 9.2

D 9.3 D 9.3

D 9.4 D 9.4

D 9.5 D 9.5

WP 10

(ITAM – CZ)

D 10.1 D 10.1

D 10.2 D 10.2

D 10.3 D 10.3

D 10.4 D 10.4

D 10.5 D 10.5

Start

of

WP 8

Start

of

WP 9

Start

pf

WP 10

Start

of

WP 4

Start

of

WP 5

Start

of

WP 6

Start

of

WP 7

WPs

(Leader)Task

DELIVERABLES

MILESTONES

WP8.1

WP5.2

YEAR 2 YEAR 3YEAR 1

WP3.1Start

of

WP 3

Start

of

WP 2

WP9.2

Start

of

WP 1

WP10.1

WP10.2

WP4.1

WP5.1

WP4.2

WP8.2

WP6.1

WP7.1

M8

M8

M11

M11

M1

M3

M2… ...M2

M5...

M4

...M5;

M6 M7

M9 M12

M10 M14

M17

M16

M13 M15

M18

Integrated methodologies that include: i) monitoring (from WP9) ii) reliable structural models (from WP8-WP9) iii) selection, design, and application of minimized interventions (from WP3 to WP8) iv) evaluation of execution of intervention (from WP4 to WP7 and WP9) v) step-by-step procedure in the application of interventions (from WP9)

PROJECT PLAN



IMPLEMENTATION THE RESULTS INTO GUIDELINES

• simplified for the needs of the end-users and designers

• provide simple design rules, design formulations and design charts • indicate materialization procedures and costs of interventions • support assessment of single elements, connections & structure • support passive interventions for improving earthquake resistance • advice the best choice and application of active devices • exploit and promote integrated methodologies

WP10 – GUIDELINES FOR END-USERS

The guidelines will compose a series of documents furnished with: • a clear navigation system sorted according to

o materials and their vulnerability o structures and their vulnerability o specific problems (including site and interactions) o time of intervention (retrofitting, repair, ….)

• a rich illustration of practical examples and instructions • reference to codes • references to further reading, ongoing research and suppliers



PROJECT COORDINATOR:

UNIVERSITY OF PADOVA

ITALY

PARTNERSHIP

http://www.civil.ntua.gr/index.php

http://www.bath.ac.uk/

http://www.gazi.edu.tr/

http://www.antiquities.org.il/home_eng.asp



Reporting Information

feedback

European Commission

Project coordinator (Coo)

UNIPD

Steering Committee (SC)

WP

lead

ers

UMINHO

WP4

WP3

WP5

WP6

WP7

WP8

WP9

WP10

WP2

WP1

POLIMI

BAM

UBATH

NTUA

UPC

ITAM

Project

management

Project progress

Consortium Participant

Plenum (CPP)

Reporting

progress

Coordinating

progress

COORDINATION STRUCTURE

http://www.civil.ntua.gr/index.php

http://www.bath.ac.uk/

http://www.gazi.edu.tr/

http://www.antiquities.org.il/home_eng.asp



• ‘Environment’, ‘Health’ and ‘Sustainable development’ → impact on protection of Cultural Heritage → impact on safety and quality of life • ‘Growth and Jobs’ → impact on competitivness of SMEs and Industry → impact on employment and the use/development of skills → impact mainly on construction and tourism sectors • ‘Better Regulation’ → contribution to standards • ‘Climate’, ‘Energy’, → ‘minimization’ of interventions and targeted, sequential implementation • ‘European Neighbourhood Policy’ and ‘Regional Policy’ → participation of ACs, ICPCs and MPCs and less advanced areas of the EU • ‘Nanotechnologies’, ‘ Tourism’

EXPECTED IMPACT AND EU POLICIES

ENGINEER’S SEMINAR: HISTORIC BUILDINGS AND EARTHQUAKE

11-12 DECEMBER 2011, MIKVE ISRAEL, ISRAEL

THANK YOU!

SPEAKER: PROF. CLAUDIO MODENA

DEPARTMENT OF STRUCTURAL & TRANSPORTATIONS ENGINEERING

UNIVERSITY OF PADOVA, ITALY

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