PRESENTATION OF GMN1

2 PRESENTATION OF COMSA

PRESENTATION OF SOGO3

4 NOISE AND VIBRATION IN RAILWAYS

Gestión Medioambiental de Neumáticos –GMN- bases its business on the integral management of end-of-life tyres, separating their components and recycling the rubber to be reused.

The company founded in 2001, is a pioneer in obtaining recycling solutions in its sector due to its stance on rubber processing technology.

The company's plant in Maials (Lleida) has environmental authorisations to process 45,000 tonnes of tyres.

GMN has a more efficient and higher performing process in tyre valorisation (just 3 steps).

Technology is in-house developed by GMN in collaboration with PALLMANN (part of the process is patented).

COLLECTION:A service that covers the collection, logistics and transport of tyres from workshops and large production centres.

RECEPTION:Reception and classification based on their type and condition.

RECOVERY:Recovery of the tyres in better condition to be sold second-hand or to be retreaded.

CRUSHING:Crushing the rest of the tyres into sizes of less than 150 mm.

GRANULATION:Granulating the crushed tyres to obtain rubber chippings of diverse kinds and gradings.

RUBBER CHIPPINGS STEELASPHALT 0-1 mmARTIFICIAL LAWN 0.5-3 mm TEXTILEFLOOR TILES 1-4 mmCONTINUOUS FLOORING AND PITS 2-10 mmHORSE RIDING, FILLING IN CIVIL WORK 6-20 mm

10,629

1891

1,811 M€

1,767 M€

FORECAST 2013DIRECT STAFF

FOUNDATION TURNOVER 2012

Main Figures

International Presence

INTERNATIONAL TURNOVER:

INTERNATIONAL STAFF:

652 M€*

4,595

AlgeriaAndorraArgentinaAustraliaBrazilChileChinaColombiaEcuadorFranceGermanyLithuaniaMexicoMoroccoPanamaPeruPolandPortugalRumaniaSpainSwitzerlandTurkeyUnited StatesUruguay

* Millions of Euros

Areas of Activity

INFRASTRUCTURES AND ENGINEERINGWorldwide infrastructures construction and maintenance. Railway projects, roads construction, maritime and airport works, building construction, hydraulic, etc.Electromechanical engineering and installations and telecommunications and energy generation.

SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGYWaste treatment and management, urban services, water engineering, energy efficiency and building energy generation plants.Rail freight services.Technological solutions and electromechanical maintenance.

CONCESSIONS AND RENEWABLE ENERGYManagement of the company's stake in infrastructure concessions and in energy generation projects.

Turnover 2012: 1.368 M€ Turnover 2012: 333 M€

Sales 2012: 31 M€

Investment in concession projects: 1.677 M€

Railways

The railway business is the original core activity of COMSA EMTE and it goes back to 1891.

The sustained growth in this area over the years has allowed us to offer a comprehensive service worldwide, including all aspects of the project development from the design to the construction of infrastructure and superstructure, as well as subsequent maintenance and operation of both conventional and high speed railway lines, underground and tramways.

Construction

COMSA EMTE has an extensive portfolio of projects including construction of bridges, tunnels, roads and urban developments, as well as hydraulic, maritime and airport works.

In the Building Construction Area, COMSA EMTE specializes in unique and outstanding projects of great architectonic complexity.

Concessions

Presence in any sector of collaboration with public administration for the infrastructures financing and operation.

The concession activity is structured in the following areas:

Roads Rail transport (subways and tramways) Car parks Other Infrastructures

SOGO Group is a consolidated industrial reality, focused on the design, production and distribution of technical moulded rubber and silicon

components for the automotive, industrial and RAILWAY applications;

Other than for the production of rubber compounds.

www.sogo.it

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Who we are

Company founded in 1967

Main factory area in Frosinone:20,000 sqm

R&D Expenses:6% total turnover

Over 6,000 tons / year compound production

Founded in 1967 on the outskirts of Rome, in Frosinone, SOGO production plant covers more than 20,000 square/meters with a production capacity over 6,000 tons/year and more than 200 compounds formulations.

www.sogo.it

2005: Kick-Off BPRBusiness ProcessRe-Engineering

47Sogo Group - highlights

Research & Development “CSPT” (Development Centre of Products and Technology)

SOGO established a very new, competitive and professional “Research and Development Laboratory and Team CSPT”, provided with modern hi-tech equipment for the study and development of new compounds and new products.

Dynamometer, ShoreA Durometer, Rheometer, Thickness Gauges, Calipers, Micrometers, Profile Projector, Compression Set, Impact Tester, Flammability Tester, Ozone Tester, Ovens, Theraometer, Mooney, Laboratory Samples Press, IRHD, Densimeter, Abrader, 3D Measuring System, Climatic Chamber, MTS with climatic chamber, CAD/CATIA/PROEng

One of the best Laboratory in the Rubber environment!!!

LAB TOOLS

Sogo R&D department

RAILWAY AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY

Main Customers

Railway Moulded Rubber Products

THE IMPORTANCE OF CONTROLLING RAILWAY VIBRATIONS Vibrations induced by train passage can arouse annoyance to nearby neighbours, which will end up

in complaints to the Infrastructure Manager.

The integration of the tramway system is strongly deteriorated when vibration problems arise.

Vibrations can be reduced effectively and economically at design stage, but it’s solution after construction can be extremely expensive.

Reduction of dynamic loads, extending lifespan of track components.

Noise and Vibration in Railways

Noise and Vibration in Railways

VI BRAT I ON

NOISE

Noise and Vibration in Railways

THE MOST EFFECTIVE SOLUTION TO MITIGATE BURSA TRAM VIBRATIONS

Ballast matts represent the most effective solution to Bursa Tramway, since their isolation

capacity is enough to make unnoticeable vibration to neighbours, while keeping the cost

as low as possible.

Steel springs

Bearing pads

Ballast matts

Under sleeper pads

Rail pads

PERFORMANCE

COST

s

dynres

MK

f··2

1

Simplified formula for frequency of

resonance (depending on dynamic stiffness and mass involved)

Noise and Vibration in Railways

• COMSA RAILWAY AWARDS

BALLAST BEHAVIOUR UNDER DYNAMIC LOADS

VIBRATION ATTENUATIN IN HIGH SPEED BRIDGES

ANALYSIS OF VIBRATIONS CAUSED BY HIGH SPEED TRAIN

Noise and Vibration in Railways

RAILWAY VIBRATIONS: STILL ROOM FOR DEVELOPMENT

Vibrations represent a recurring problem in railways whose importance is constantly increasing

COMSA/GMN/SOGO are aware of both track requirements and the needs of Infrastructure Managers.

An intelligent solution to valorize a waste product (end-of-life tires) managed by a COMSA EMTE company (GMN)

• R&D PROJECTS IN VIBRATIONS

ECOTRACKA NEW USE FOR OLD TYRES IN THE RAIL SECTOR: OPTIMISED RAILWAYS PROFILES

Noise and Vibration in Railways

MAIN ADVANTAGES OF ECOTRACK Vibrations and noise related problems are reduced cost-effectively.

Prevents stray current corrosion and signaling interferences, by isolating the rail electrically.

Allows a quick installation due its lightweight but also a quick renewal.

The design has been spcially thought to minimize track lateral deflection and maximize vibration attenuation.

Recycled and recyclable material with high quality properties.

Noise and Vibration in Railways

• R&D PROJECTS IN VIBRATIONS

OPTIMISATION OF ISOLATOR DEVICES

Noise and Vibration in Railways

DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW MORE ACCURATE CALCULATION MODEL

ELECTRICAL ANALOGY

Same resolution method can be used since equation governing the problem remains a linear ODE

fxKxCxM ··· fxKxM *··

fxKxCxM *···

Ktb htb

Kbm hbm

Kups hups

Krp crp

Ms

Mb

Mtb + Mti

Mu Unsprung mass (wheel +rail)

Rail pad

Sleeper mass

Under sleeper pad (USP)

Ballast / Base plate mass

Ballast mat

Track bed and tunnel invert mass

Track bed

Noise and Vibration in Railways

COMSA-OWN MODEL FOR MITIGATION CALCULATIONFEM MODELING OF TRACK DYNAMIC BEHAVIOUR

-50.00

-40.00

-30.00

-20.00

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0.00

10.00

20.00

1 21 41 61 81 101 121 141 161

Frequency Hz

Inse

rtio

n lo

ss d

Bv

RAIL DEFLECTION

-2

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20

Distance (m)

Def

lect

ion

(mm

) Applied stress σ

KdGdBd

δd

δd

Kd·δd

Bd·δd·ω

Gd·δd

ω·t

φ

σd

THE IMPORTANCE OF N&V KNOWLEDGE IN TRACK DESIGN Only by understanding the “science” of N&V, is it possible to design an environmental friendly and

cost-efficient track.

The undertaking of research projects (through lab experiments, FEM modeling, etc.) has given COMSA a comprehensive knowledge of N&V generation, transmission and mitigation.

This scientific know-how combined with the experience acquired during the construction and maintenance of urban railways (construction and maintainability requirements) enables COMSA to design sustainable and long-lasting tracks, which are easily and cost-efficiently constructed and maintained.

Noise and Vibration in Railways

-50.00

-40.00

-30.00

-20.00

-10.00

0.00

10.00

20.00

1 21 41 61 81 101 121 141 161

Frequency Hz

Inse

rtio

n lo

ss d

Bv

BALLAST MATT PERFORMANCE

mattunder

railtoapplied

FF

IL_

__·log20

RAIL DEFLECTION

-2

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20

Distance (m)

Def

lect

ion

(mm

)

Track section are provided with ballast matt when distance from track to adjacent

dwellings is less than 15 meters

Isolation capability of the matt: In the frequency of interest (63-125 Hz), the ballast matt offers a isolation of more than 20 dB.

Rail deflection: Despite its good isolation performance, the maximum deflection of the

ballast matt is lower than 1 mm.

References

"This publication has been produced with the assistance of the European Union. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of the ECOTRACK consortium and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union”