Coffee (Coffea arabica)

By Ingrid Tuyuc Amezquita

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• The origins of the coffee crop can be traced back to the Ethiopian highlands for Coffea arabica.

Origins

In my country …

• Guatemala is Central America´s largest coffee producer.

Botanical Features

The genus Coffea is a member of the family Rubiaceae

C. arabica, C. canephora and a C. liberica.

Ecological requirements:

-An annual rainfall of between 1100 and 2000 mm.

-Coffee grows best in deep, friable soils with a PH<7

-temperatures in the 15-25°C range.-High temperatures (>25°C) induce abnormalities such as star flowers and reduce yields.

Insect Pest: Coffee Berry Borer: (Hypothenemus hampei)

invades mostly older berries

Life cycle:• Of H. hampei takes 28-35 days from egg-

laying to the mature beetle• Rate of growth and reproduction is greatest at

29-33°C.

Control

• There are several insecticides that are effective against berry borer.

• Wherever berry borer is found, the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana is also presents as a natural infection.

Main diseases:

• Rust: (Hemileia vastatrix )Symptoms: Yellow to orange powdery spots appears on the underside of leaves, with corresponding chlorotic patches.

The major effect of coffee rust is to cause premature shedding of leaves, this reduces the photosynthetic capacity of the plant

Control:Application of fungicides is still the most widely used method of control.

Integrated Crop Management:

Propagation:• Seed selection and preparation The first task in propagation is to select the

seed both of the chosen cultivar and from a healthy source.

Arabica see germinates in 6-10 weeks.

• Vegetative propagation: Micropropagation from meristematic tissue and

somatic embryogenesis has also used in propagating breeding material

young plants are normally transported to the field in their containers.

Transplantation:

Soil preparation:

• Coffee plants will become established and remain productive for many years in the sites into which they are transplanted.

Fertilization:

• Fertilizer is required to maintain optimal yields from coffee plants, but the quantity and type of fertilizer required differs with soil type and crop management practice.

Weed control:

• Coffee feeder roots are in the upper layers of the soil, so the plant is quite sensitive to weed competition.

Irrigation:

May be used to supplementrainfall in areas with a log dry season.

Harvest:

• harvesting is done by cutting the red fruits to then process

• harvest

Thanks for your attention!!!