Presentation 3.1: Land-Use Policy and Zoning
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Transcript of Presentation 3.1: Land-Use Policy and Zoning
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Presentation 3.1: Land-Use Policy and Zoning
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Outline
• Introduction• Land-use policy and what it does• Multiple levels of policy• Policy-making process and your role• Zoning, the zoning process, and your
role• Landscape code examples• Summary
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Introduction
There are a variety of tools that governments and communities can use to regulate development, natural resource use, and resource management. These tools can greatly influence wildland-urban interface issues.
Policy is one such tool.Policy is one such tool.
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Land-use policy
Policy is a purposive course of action or inaction that an actor or set of actors takes to deal with a problem.
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Policy…
• Determines How land and resources are used What resources require protection
• Defines Regulatory methods
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Unintended consequences
Policy can help conserve and enhance natural resources…
ORIt can inadvertently lead to their
degradation.
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Multiple levels
Policies can be developed at all levels of government:
•Federal•State•Local (city/county/parish)•Neighborhood
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Exercise 3.1:Making the Link – Policy in the
Interface
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Exercise 3.1
List policies that influence: • Forests• Water • Wildlife• Air quality
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Federal policy
Examples:• Endangered Species Act• Clean Water Act• Clean Air Act
In many cases, states are responsible for implementing or regulating federal policies.
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State policy
• States may create policies to supplement federal policy
• Many state governments require local governments to develop comprehensive plans for growth management
• States my also have nonregulatory guidelines (e.g., best management practices or BMPs)
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Local policy
Most states delegate their land-use authority to local governments
Examples of local policies: • wetland protection ordinances• storm-water regulations• tree preservation ordinances
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Neighborhood policy
• Homeowners or property owners associations rules
• Neighborhood covenants created by developers
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Exercise 3.7: Guiding Neighborhood
Policy
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Exercise 3.7 Discussion Questions• What opportunities for influencing neighborhood-level policy
and management did you observe? How would you approach the developer or residents in each scenario? What kinds of things could you do to gain their trust?
• What types of information would you give residents? How could you convince them of the importance of this information? How could you correct misconceptions they might have?
• How does the approach differ in Scenario 1 versus Scenario 2? Why?
• How could you continue to communicate and work with the homeowners association in Scenario 2?
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Collaboration
Collaboration among agencies, stakeholders, and levels of government combines experience, authority, and resources, creating an ideal outcome.
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Enlibra Doctrine
1. National Standards, Neighborhood Solutions
2. Collaboration, Not Polarization
3. Reward Results, Not Programs
4. Science for Facts, Process for Priorities
5. Markets before Mandates
6. Change a Heart, Change a Nation
7. Recognition of Costs and Benefits
8. Solutions Transcend Political Boundaries
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Steps in the policy process
1. Problem identification2. Policy agenda setting3. Policy formulation4. Policy adoption5. Policy implementation6. Policy evaluation
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Steps in the policy process
1.1. Problem identificationProblem identification
2.2. Policy agenda settingPolicy agenda setting3. Policy formulation4. Policy adoption5. Policy implementation
6.6. Policy evaluationPolicy evaluation
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Problem identification
Natural resource professionals are …• Aware of important issues and short-
and long-term consequences Help policy makers prioritize issues
• May be aware of potential solutions Share ideas about what worked for other
communities
Providing consistent, reliable information Providing consistent, reliable information increases resource professional’s credibilityincreases resource professional’s credibility
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Agenda setting
• Increase public awareness about the issue
• Encourage public involvement Distribute flyers Speak at community meetings
• Rally support Connect natural resource issues with current community priorities
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Policy evaluation
Assist decision makers in evaluating the affects a policy has on natural resourcesExample:
• Policy aims to protect gopher tortoise• Resource professionals can provide data on
tortoise populations and wildlife movement• Decision makers can determine if the policy is effective
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Exercise 3.2:Tracking the Policy
Process
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What is zoning?
Regulations that define appropriate land uses, minimum lot sizes, and acceptable building height and setback
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Zoning defined
• Divides communities into agricultural, commercial, industrial, and residential land uses
• Intended to promote compatibility of land uses
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Zoning in the interface
Effective zoning:• Promotes successful land-use
regulation• Promotes natural resource protection• Promote the goals of the local
comprehensive plan
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Zone with care
However, zoning ordinances have historically led to development that exacerbated interface issues.
They need to be created with care.
Zoning needs your input!Zoning needs your input!
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The zoning process
1. Data Gathering2. Public Notification3. Commission Review4. Commission Vote5. Public Comment6. Review for Compatibility with Plan
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The zoning process
1.1. Data GatheringData Gathering
2.2. Public NotificationPublic Notification3. Commission Review4. Commission Vote
5.5. Public CommentPublic Comment6. Review for Compatibility with Plan
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Potential roles for resource professionals
• Serve on the zoning commission• Provide reliable data about resource
conditions and land-use impacts for local decision makers
Your chance to help shape Your chance to help shape development and reduce development and reduce interface issues!interface issues!
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Landscape codes
• Define minimum standards for planting and maintaining natural features within a community
• Dictate Design Installation Maintenance requirements
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Use of landscape codes
Encourage:• Preservation• Management• Replanting of trees to protect canopy• Improve storm-water management• Conserve vulnerable habitat• Protect floodplain
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Landscape ordinances in three southern communities
Protect existing trees and promote planting and maintenance of vegetation
• Mandeville, Louisiana• Collier County, Florida• Southlake, Texas
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Mandeville, Louisiana
• Preserve forest character • Protect plant communities• Regulate land clearing• Require parking lot plantings• Protect large trees from removal
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Collier County, Florida
• Improve community aesthetics • Promote harmony between natural
and built environments• Create micro-detention areas within
open space of a development
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Southlake, Texas
• Landscape and Tree Preservation Ordinance created in 1990’s
• New construction plans must be reviewed with landscape plans for permitting
• City inspectors ensure plants are protected and planted properly
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Summary
• Policy and zoning are two types of tools that guide land-use decisions in the wildland-urban interface.
• These tools affect natural resources and resource management.
• You have a crucial role to play in the development effective policy and zoning.
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Credits
Photos:• Slides 9,13,16,26: Larry Korhnak• Slide 22: S.J. Krasemann/Peter Arnold, Inc. Literature:• Slide 4:Anderson 1984, and Heidenheimer, Heclo,
and Adams. 1983.• Slide 12: Kundell, Myszewski, and DeMeo 2003.• Slides 18-19: Anderson, Brady, Bullock, and
Stewart 1984.• Slide 25: Myszewski, and Kundell. 2005. • Slide 17: Western Governors Association 2003.