Morning

StarsPRESENTSWhen the morning stars sang together, and all the sons of God shouted for joy? Job 38:7 We Plan to

sing together in the earth made new.

Writing types

By Eric GabourelBeverley Anderson

Rajenai CimaEnoch Isaac

Presented to: Dr. Jules Pagna DissoInteramerica Education Centre (IEC)

A research paper is the results of someone’s investigations on a

selected topic. How this information is gathered,

interpreted, developed and documented is up to the writer, as

is the organization of ideas and the resulting conclusion. However if this is compared to the Bible we find that scripture was inspired by

God and there is no private interpretation. 2 Peter 1:31

INTRODUCTION

Empirical Study

An academic research based on experience or observation, which can be verified or disproved by observation or experiment. (Merriam-Webster.com )

Empirical articles will include charts, graphs, or statistical analysis.

Articles are usually substantial, and are likely to be from 8-40 pages long.

There is always a bibliography found at the end of the article.

Are published in scholarly or academic journals.

These journals are also called “peer-reviewed,” or “refereed” publications.(Bruns, 2010)

Characteristics of an Empirical Article

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

• According to Cornell university library, an annotated bibliography is a list of citations to books, articles, and documents. Each citation is followed by a brief (usually about 150 words) descriptive and evaluative paragraph, the annotation.

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

The purpose of the annotation is to inform the reader of the relevance, accuracy, and quality of the sources cited.

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

Therefore, an annotated bibliography includes a summary and/or evaluation of each of the sources cited in one’s work. (Bisignani, & Brizee,2011)

The Importance of Books and Peer Reviewed Articles

in Graduate Studies. It is indeed a widely accepted

fact within academic circles that books and peer reviewed articles are more scholarly in nature. This is largely due to the fact that such materials are meticulously scrutinized by the writer’s peers. Peer review therefore, often improves the quality of the research presented in a paper. (Cain,1999)

The Importance of Books and Peer Reviewed Articles in

Graduate Studies

Additionally, (Larson) indicates that peer-reviewed articles and books have been evaluated and critiqued by researchers and experts in the same field before the material is published. This process ensures that an article, and the scholarship of the discipline as a whole-maintains a high standard of quality,

accuracy, and academic integrity. (Larson).

Types of Articles/Journals Short reports Editorials Systematic reviews Books & technology reviews Research articles

Peer-Reviewed Journals/ArticleAccording to the University Of Texas, peer review Is a process that journals use to ensure the articles they

publish represent the best scholarship currently available. Primarily appears in academic, scientific or other scholarly

publications and are judged by an impartial panel of 2 or more experts in the field (Law & MacDermid, 2008).

Also known as Refereed Articles Referees ensures that article is accurate and provides new

information in a specified field

Definition: Is written by a professor or researcher

in an academic discipline Reports on research or provides a

scholarly analysis of a topic Is published in a refereed journal-a

journal which uses a panel of academic referees to select articles for publication

Documents its sources in footnotes or a bibliography (©University of Washington Information Literacy Learning 2001).

Academic Journal

Then the LORD said to Moses, “Write this on a scroll as something to be remembered” Exodus 17:14

Murray (2009) gives reasons why an academic journal is published:

Career progression Gaining recognition for work you

have done Stopping someone else taking

credit for your work or using your materials

Personal satisfaction of completing a goal

Setting yourself a new challenge Learning how to write to a higher

standard Contributing to knowledge Developing a profile

Academic Journal

Smith (1998) states that a White paper is an article that:

States an organization’s position or philosophy about a social, political, or a not-too-detailed technical explanation of an architecture, framework, or product technology.

Explains the results, or conclusions resulting from some organized committee or research collaboration or design and development.

White Paper

White paper is an offshoot of the term White Book, a publication of a national government (Stelzer, 2007).

Most White Papers range from 6 to 12 pages

Are compromised of mostly text and usually very few graphics.

Diagrams, charts & illustrations can be included

A famous historic White Paper is the British White Paper of 1922.

White Paper

What is a News Paper

A newspaper is a publication that is issued daily or weekly and includes local and

international news. It may include:

News stories

Advertisements

Announcements

Opinions

Cartoons

Sports news

Television listings

Four basic functions of a Newspaper

To inform

To interpret the news

To provide a service to readers

To entertain

Main Parts of a Newspaper

What? - what is the story about?

Where? - where does the story take place?

When? - when does the story take place?

Why? - why is this happening?

How ? – how this story happened?

“… Guard my teachings as the apple of your eye. Bind them on your fingers;  write them on the tablet of your heart.” Proverbs 7: 2,3

What is a literature review?

It may be presented as a paper on its own

Integral part of an article

Research proposal

Research report

Dissertation.

What is ‘the literature’?Primary source:

Secondary source:

Tertiary source:

The Purpose of a Literature Review

Describes Compares Contrasts and Evaluates the major theories Arguments Themes Methodologies

The literature review structure

What is a Book Review ?

An analysis that covers the themes or ideas In the text in a much more in-depth and critical

manner.

Introduction Body Conclusion

Parts of the Review

Characters

Plot

Climax

Biography of the author.

Parts to be Discussed

The story's relevance to its historical setting.

The strengths or limitations of the book

Whether the book will have lasting value or not.

ReferencesBennett, T. (2007) Edith Cowan University Literature Review Academic Tip Sheet. Retrieved

from http://www.ecu.edu.au/CLT/tips/docs/literature_review.pdf

Bisignani, D. Brizee, A. (2011)Retrieved September 9, 2011 from http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/614/01/

Boerger, L. (n.d) Discovering the Dispatch Basic Functions of a News Paper. Retrieved from: http://www.dispatchnie.com/content/digital/pdf/Discovering_Dispatch_5.pdf

Book Report or Book Review (2011) Explanation The Difference. Book Reports & Book Reviews. Retrieved from http://custompapers.com/book-report-review/

Bruns, C. (2010, Jan 25). Empirical Research: How to Recognize and Locate. Retrieved September 8, 2011, from Cal State Fullerton Pollark Library: http://users.library.fullerton.edu/cbruns/empirical_research.htm

Cain, J. (1999) Science and Engineering Ethics. Retrieved September 9, 2011 from http://ccnmtl.columbia.edu/projects/rcr/rcr_authorship/foundation/index.html

Chapman, J. K. (2005) Newspapers Fifth Grade Research Report. Retrieved from: http://www.chapmankids.net/reports/newspapers.pdf

Cornell university library. What is an annotated bibliography? Retrieved from: http://olinuris.library.cornell.edu/ref/research/skill28.htm

Larson, E. What Other Options Might There Be? Retrieved September 9,2011 from http://library.uvic.ca/instruction/research/peerreview.html

Law, M.C. and MacDermid, J. (2008). Evidence-based rehabilitation: A guide to practice. New Jersey, USA: SLACK Incorporated

Murray, R. (2009). Writing for academic journals. Berkshire, England: Open University Press

Smith, T.D. (October 1998). Retrieved from: http://searchsoa.techtarget.com/definition/white-paper.

Stelzner, M.A. (2007). Writing white papers: How to capture readers and keep them engaged. USA: WhitePaperSource Publishing

University of Texas at Austin. (March 2010). Retrieved from:http://www.lib.utexas.edu/lsl/help/modules/peer.html

University of Washington Information Literacy Learning, 2001. Retrieved from: http://www.lib.washington.edu/uwill/courses/geog100/sources4.htm

 What Is a Newspaper? (2008) Retrieved from: http://www.abcteach.com/free/r/readinganewspaper.pdf

References

Team MemberRoles and

Responsibilities 1.Beverley Anderson Implementer and Complete

Finisher: Title, introduction, Define Empirical study. PowerPoint design and layout.

2.Rajenai Cima Shaper: Define peer-review journal/article, academic Journal, and White paper.

3.Eric Gabourel Team worker: Define News paper, Literature review and book review.

4.Enoch Isaac Coordinator: Define annotated Bibliography and why discuss why books peer reviewed articles are the two most preferred written sources in graduate writing.