Presentation 2 july 2013 clt allice pitini
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HOUSING EUROPE 1 HOUSING in the EU The potential for developing Community Land Trusts in Europe Brussels 2 July 2013 [email protected]
Transcript of Presentation 2 july 2013 clt allice pitini
HOUSING EUROPE 1
HOUSING in the EU The potential for developing Community Land Trusts in Europe
Brussels 2 July 2013
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What is CECODHAS - Housing Europe?
CECODHAS - Housing Europe is the federation of cooperative, public, social housing
… a network of national and regional housing federations of housing organisations.
Together the 43 members in 18 European members States manage 25 million dwellings which represent 12% of the total housing stock in the EU.
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What we do
Our members work together for a Europe which provides access to decent and affordable housing for all in communities which are:
socially,
economically and
environmentally sustainable…
…and where all are enabled to reach their full potential.
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Housing bubble at the heart of current crisis
Subprime crisis in the US triggered the financial crisis
Burst of housing bubble in the US but also Ireland, Spain…
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Main factors
Increase in house prices up to the crisis
Shortage of affordable housing
Nominal house prices increase
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Mortgage indebtedness in Europe
Residential mortgage debt to GDP ratios in the EU 27
EU average: from 32% in
1998 to 52.4% in 2010
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Cost of housing in Europe
8% of Europeans and a third of Europeans at risk of poverty spend more than 40% of their budget on housing
8% live in severe material deprivation
17% Europeans faced either utility or rent/mortgage arrears, or both in 2011 (14% in 2007)
6% Europeans thought it was quite or very likely they will have to leave their accommodation within the next 6 months because they can no longer afford in 2011 (4% in 2007)
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Housing needs in the EU
In France 1.7 million pending social housing demands, and yearly construction is 27.5% below the level required to meet housing needs.
In Spain, 300 000 households are being evicted, and it is estimated that 4 million people stopped warming their homes because they could no longer afford it.
In England social housing waiting lists increased constantly from about 1 021 000 in 1997, to over 1.8 million households in 2011
the number of those in need of local authority housing in Ireland has increased by 75% since 2008, from 56 000 applicants to 98 000.
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Issues raising from the crisis
Raising poverty and inequalities as consequence of the crisis = pressure on SH sector
Including ‘working poors’ – more vulnerable middle classes
Decreasing public support (direct and through taxation)
Difficulties in access to credit
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Housing markets diversity in the EU
Tenure split, UE 27
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Trends in tenures
Home-ownership in European OECD countries (1980-2004)
Social housing in selected EU countries (1980-2008)
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Social rental housing in the EU27
Largest in NL, followed by AT and DK.
UK, FR, SW and FI also have a large social/public housing sector
On the contrary, no rental social housing in EL, very small share in CEE as well as PT, ES
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Different providers usually co-existing
Public (municipalities, publicly owned companies) often retreating from new construction due to budget constraintsoften focusing on the poorest/most vulnerable
Private (mainly not for profit/limited profit organisations, but increasingly also commercial developers)In most cases ‘registered’ or ‘approved’ providers acting on not for profit basisIn some countries also ways to mobilise (temporarily) dwellings owned by private individuals or commercial developers for social goalsCooperatives sometimes market actors, sometimes social role (special case Eastern Europe)
Providers of social housing
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Cooperative housing
Note: figures only refer to CECODHAS members
Share of dwellings in housing cooperatives out of total national housing stock
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30%
France
Belgium
Italy
Spain
Germany
Hungary
Estonia
Denmark
Austria
Norw ay
Sw eden
Czech Republic
Poland
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Cooperative housing in a nutshell
A housing coop is a housing business in the form of a consumer cooperative mutually owned by its members, which operates in accordance with the Cooperative Principles and Values. democratically controlled by their members, according to the principle of “one person, one vote”.
Equity model can be: Individual ownership = the resident member holding full (most common in Eastern Europe), or partial title to the housing unit. Or collective ownership= the cooperative owns units and common parts and members receive a contract, right to occupy the individual housing unit on a permanent basis.
Non-equity model (or rental coop): the member has no ownership stake, he pays a rent and has to surrender the housing unit back to the cooperative if he leaves. Non-equity cooperatives are usually non-profit. In many parts of Canada and the United States, Germany, also Austria, Danmark, Belgium, Switzerland
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Are there other ways?
Co-housing
Building Communities (Germany)
Self-build experiences
… CLTs? Have the advantage of combining long-term affordability, community involvement and cohesion, partnership at local level, not only housing but a range of local initiatives/services
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3 MAIN EUROPEAN UNION POLICIES3 MAIN EUROPEAN UNION POLICIES
• COHESION• ANTI-POVERTY
• SOCIAL PROTECTION• SSGIs
• COHESION• ANTI-POVERTY
• SOCIAL PROTECTION• SSGIs
• INTERNAL MARKET• COMPETITION• STATE AIDS• VAT RULES
• INTERNAL MARKET• COMPETITION• STATE AIDS• VAT RULES
• ENERGY• ENVIRONMENT
• WATER• LAND protection…
• ENERGY• ENVIRONMENT
• WATER• LAND protection…
• EU STANDARTS• EU LEGISLATION
• RESEARCH• EU FUNDS ? • GREEN VAT ?
• EU STANDARTS• EU LEGISLATION
• RESEARCH• EU FUNDS ? • GREEN VAT ?
• LEGISLATION• EU FUNDS
• OPEN METHOD OF CO-ORDINATION (OMC)• BEST PRACTICES
• LEGISLATION• EU FUNDS
• OPEN METHOD OF CO-ORDINATION (OMC)• BEST PRACTICES
• LEGISLATION• CONTROL
• NOTIFICATION• DISPUTE – ECJ RULING
• LEGISLATION• CONTROL
• NOTIFICATION• DISPUTE – ECJ RULING
HOUSING POLICY « FRIENDLY »
HOUSING POLICY « FRIENDLY »
HOUSING POLICY « FRAMELY »
HOUSING POLICY « FRAMELY »
HOUSING POLICY« COSTLY »
HOUSING POLICY« COSTLY »
SOCIALSOCIAL
ENVIRONMENTALENVIRONMENTALECONOMICECONOMIC
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More attention is given to housing in the framework of the European economic governance: recognition that dysfunctionalities of housing markets are an important cause of the crisis
The European Semester 2013: 8/14 country in-depth reviews concern the housing market: UK, ES, FR, IT, NL, SI, FI, SE, DK
“Turning to households, deleveraging pressures are visible in a number of Member States and are mainly linked to pre-crisis housing market upswings. Downside risks for household balance sheets and consumption are linked to potential further corrections in housing markets.”
Housing in the European Semester
EU opportunities: Cohesion policy
Structural Funds; period 2007-2013: 9 billions € potentially eligible for housing energy upgrade, and 4 billions for urban renewal and housing for marginalised community. Beginning of 2012, less then 2 billions had been invested.
Next period: housing fully eligible for ERDF funding! Energy efficiency: Former objective 2 regions will have to dedicate at least 20% to
support shift towards a low-carbon economy, including energy efficiency and use of renewable energy in the housing sector
Social infrastructures: “(a) investing in health and social infrastructure which contribute to national, regional and local development, reducing inequalities in terms of health status, and transition from institutional to community-based services; (b) physical and economic regeneration of deprived urban and rural communities”;
Urban development: 5% of ERDF resources allocated to integrated actions for sustainable urban development delegated to and directly managed by cities.
