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Reducing an Adverb Reducing an Adverb Clause to a Clause to a

Modifying Adverbial Modifying Adverbial PhrasePhrase

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Reducing Adverb clause is done Reducing Adverb clause is done when the adverb clause has the when the adverb clause has the same subject with the main clause.same subject with the main clause.

I studied hard I studied hard before I took the testbefore I took the test..

=>I studied hard =>I studied hard before taking the testbefore taking the test..

I was happyI was happy when I passed the test when I passed the test..

=>I was happy =>I was happy when passing the testwhen passing the test..

I can study better I can study better if there is no noiseif there is no noise. . ((nonenone))

The same subject

The same subject

Different subject

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There are two ways to There are two ways to reduce the adverb clause.reduce the adverb clause.

1.1. If the adverb clause contains verb If the adverb clause contains verb to beto be, , delete the subject and the verb delete the subject and the verb to beto be but but keep the rest of the phrase–no change.keep the rest of the phrase–no change.

While I was traveling on the roadWhile I was traveling on the road, I , I saw an accident.saw an accident.

While traveling on the roadWhile traveling on the road, I saw an , I saw an accident.accident.

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There are two ways to There are two ways to reduce the adverb clause.reduce the adverb clause.

2. If the adverb clause does not contain 2. If the adverb clause does not contain verb verb to beto be, delete the subject and , delete the subject and change the change the verbverb of the adverb clause of the adverb clause to the to the –ing–ing form. form.

Before I took the test, Before I took the test, I studied I studied hard.hard.

Before taking the test,Before taking the test, I studied hard. I studied hard.

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Delete conjunction in Delete conjunction in reducing the adverb clause.reducing the adverb clause.

1.1. BecauseBecause and and WhileWhile can be removed from the can be removed from the sentence by keeping the meaning the same.sentence by keeping the meaning the same.

I was happyI was happy because I passed the testbecause I passed the test..

Because passing the test,Because passing the test, I was happy. I was happy.

Passing the test,Passing the test, I was happy. I was happy.

While I was traveling on the roadWhile I was traveling on the road, I saw an , I saw an accident.accident.

While traveling on the roadWhile traveling on the road, I saw an accident., I saw an accident.

Traveling on the road,Traveling on the road, I saw an accident. I saw an accident.

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Delete conjunction in Delete conjunction in reducing the adverb clause.reducing the adverb clause.

1.1. WhenWhen can be changed to can be changed to UponUpon or or OnOn when the adverb clause is reduced to when the adverb clause is reduced to modifying phrase.modifying phrase.

I was happyI was happy when I passed the test when I passed the test..

When passing the test,When passing the test, I was happy. I was happy.

On passing the test,On passing the test, I was happy. I was happy.

Upon passing the test,Upon passing the test, I was happy. I was happy.

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NOTENOTE

Modifying adverbial phrase Modifying adverbial phrase usually modifies the subject of usually modifies the subject of the sentence.the sentence.

When passing the testWhen passing the test,, I was I was happy.happy.

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The EndThe End

Thanks for your Thanks for your attentions!attentions!