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Practicing Innovation Management in EducationHerbert Thweatt, D.B.A.

Executive Summary:Education is becoming increasingly international. Not only are the materials becoming more influenced by the rich international environment, but exchanges among students at all levels are also playing an increasingly important role. In Europe, for example, the Socrates-Erasmus Program stimulates exchanges across European universities. Also, the Soros Foundation provides many opportunities for students from central Asia and eastern Europe. Programs such as the International Baccalaureate have contributed to the internationalization of education. Some scholars argue that, regardless of whether one system is considered better or worse than another, experiencing a different way of education can often be considered to be the most important, enriching element of an international learning experience.Technology is an increasingly influential factor in the globalization and evolution of education. Computers and mobile phones are used in developed countries both to complement established education practices and develop new ways of learning such as online education (a type of distance education). This gives students globally, the opportunity to choose what they are interested in learning. The proliferation of computers also means the increase of programming and blogging.

Education is a global industry that leads the way in innovation and product implementation. Nationally, Education in the United States is mainly provided by the public sector, with control and funding coming from three levels: federal, state, and local. Child education is compulsory. Public education is universally available. School curricula, funding, teaching, and other policies are setthrough locally elected school boards with jurisdiction over school districts with many directives from state legislatures. School districts are usually separate from other local jurisdictions, with independent officials and budgets. Educational standards and standardized testing decisions are usually made by state governments. The ages for compulsory education vary by state. It begins from ages five to eight and ends from ages fourteen to eighteen. A growing number of states are now requiring compulsory education until the age of 18.

Compulsory education requirements can generally be satisfied by educating children in public schools, state-certified private schools, or an approved home school program. In most public and private schools, education is divided into three levels: elementary school, middle school (sometimes called junior high school), and high school (sometimes referred to as secondary education). In almost all schools at these levels, children are divided by age groups into grades, ranging from kindergarten (followed by first grade) for the youngest children in elementary school, up to twelfth grade, the final year of high school. Higher-order thinking is a concept of Education reform based on learning taxonomies such as Bloom's Taxonomy. The idea is that some types of learning require more cognitive processing than others, but also have more generalized benefits. In Bloom's taxonomy, for example, skills involving analysis, evaluation and synthesis (creation of new knowledge) are thought to be of a higher order, requiring different learning and teaching methods, than the learning of facts and concepts. Higher order thinking involves the learning of complex judgmental skills such as critical thinking and problem solving.

A few concepts that are market driven are adult, alternative, and indigenous education. Sovereignty in Home Schooling is the practical design that allows you to prepare your childs education within the modern world by the standards long cherished and protected as family values. Taken up in the 1960s as a counter cultural movement toward early levels of higher education, the practice has caught on with the basic appeal of choosing your own environmental settings and allowing the child to explore academic potentials at his or her own pace.Nascent markets in education are small, newly developing markets. Firms and institutions of higher learning can exploit nascent markets three ways: by making the education as an industry and market synonymous, by creating a clear perimeter for the firm by demarcating the market, with the use of alliances and controlling the market by setting applicable standards and utilizing acquisition strategy.There are strategy risks and some firms could limit themselves by demarcating the market and thereby limiting opportunities and potential for new customers.

Purpose:The purpose of this presentation is to review key issues in practicing innovation management in the field of education.

Globalization, Markets, and Technology:Education is becoming increasingly international. Not only are the materials becoming more influenced by the rich international environment, but exchanges among students at all levels are also playing an increasingly important role. In Europe, for example, the Socrates-Erasmus Program stimulates exchanges across European universities. Also, the Soros Foundation provides many opportunities for students from central Asia and eastern Europe. Programs such as the International Baccalaureate have contributed to the internationalization of education. Some scholars argue that, regardless of whether one system is considered better or worse than another, experiencing a different way of education can often be considered to be the most important, enriching element of an international learning experience.

Technology is an increasingly influential factor in the globalization and evolution of education. Computers and mobile phones are used in developed countries both to complement established education practices and develop new ways of learning such as online education (a type of distance education). This gives students globally, the opportunity to choose what they are interested in learning. The proliferation of computers also means the increase of programming and blogging. Technology offers powerful learning tools that demand new skills and understandings of students, including Multimedia, and provides new ways to engage students, such as Virtual learning environments. Technology is being used more not only in administrative duties in education but also in the instruction of students. The use of technologies such as PowerPoint and interactive whiteboard is capturing the attention of students in the classroom. Technology is also being used in the assessment of students. One example is the Audience Response System (ARS), which allows immediate feedback tests and classroom discussions.

There is increasing interest in how computers and the Internet can improve education at all levels, in both formal and non-formal settings. Older ICT technologies, such as radio and television, have for over forty years been used for open and distance learning, although print remains the cheapest, most accessible and therefore most dominant delivery mechanism in both developed and developing countries.

The use of computers and the Internet is in its infancy in developing countries, if these are used at all, due to limited infrastructure and the attendant high costs of access. Usually, various technologies are used in combination rather than as the sole delivery mechanism. For example, the Kothmale Community Radio Internet uses both radio broadcasts and computer and Internet technologies to facilitate the sharing of information and provide educational opportunities in a rural community in Sri Lanka. The Open University of the United Kingdom (UKOU), established in 1969 as the first educational institution in the world wholly dedicated to open and distance learning, still relies heavily on print-based materials supplemented by radio, television and, in recent years, online programming. Similarly, the Indira Gandhi National Open University in India combines the use of print, recorded audio and video, broadcast radio and television, and audio conferencing technologies. The term "computer-assisted learning" (CAL) has been increasingly used to describe the use of technology in teaching. Today, some kind of education is compulsory to all people in most countries.

Needs Analysis: Education is a global industry that leads the way in innovation and product implementation. Nationally, Education in the United States is mainly provided by the public sector, with control and funding coming from three levels: federal, state, and local. Child education is compulsory. Public education is universally available. School curricula, funding, teaching, and other policies are set through locally elected school boards with jurisdiction over school districts with many directives from state legislatures. School districts are usually separate from other local jurisdictions, with independent officials and budgets. Educational standards and standardized testing decisions are usually made by state governments. The ages for compulsory education vary by state. It begins from ages five to eight and ends from ages fourteen to eighteen. A growing number of states are now requiring compulsory education until the age of 18.

Compulsory education requirements can generally be satisfied by educating children in public schools, state-certified private schools, or an approved home school program. In most public and private schools, education is divided into three levels: elementary school, middle school (sometimes called junior high school), and high school (sometimes referred to as secondary education). In almost all schools at these levels, children are divided by age groups into grades, ranging from kindergarten (followed by first grade) for the youngest children in elementary school, up to twelfth grade, the final year of high school. The exact age range of students in these grade levels varies slightly from area to area.Post-secondary education in the United States is known as college or university and commonly consists of four years of study at an institution of higher learning. There are 4,352 colleges, universities, and junior colleges in the country. In 2008, 36% of enrolled students graduated from college in four years. 57% completed their undergraduate requirements in six years, at thesame college they first enrolled in. The U.S. ranks 10th among industrial countries for percentage of adults with college degrees.

Like high school, the four undergraduate grades are commonly called freshman, sophomore, junior, and senior years (alternatively called first year, second year, etc.). Students traditionally apply to receive admission into college, with varying difficulties of entrance. Schools differ in their competitiveness and reputation; generally, the most prestigious schools are private, rather than public. Admissions criteria involve the rigor and grades earned in high school courses taken, the students' GPA, class ranking, and standardized test scores (Such as the SAT or the ACT tests). Most colleges also consider more subjective factors such as a commitment to extracurricular activities, a personal essay, and an interview. While numerical factors rarely ever are absolute required values, each college usually has a rough threshold, below which admission is unlikely.

Pros:Nationally, innovation in education especially funding and civil rights law, is over-seen by The United States Department of Education, also referred to as ED or the ED for (the) Education Department, is a Cabinet-level department of the United States government. Created by the Department of Education Organization Act (Public Law 96-88), it was signed into law by President Jimmy Carter on October 17, 1979 and began operating on May 16, 1980. The Department of Education Organization Act divided the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare into the Department of Education and the Department of Health and Human Services. The Department of Education is administered by the United States Secretary of Education. Unlike the systems of most other countries, education in the United States is highly decentralized, and the federal government and Department of Education are not heavily involved in determining curricula or educational standards (with the exception of the No Child Left Behind Act). This has been left to state and local school districts.

Educational institutions and their degrees is maintained through an informal private process known as accreditation, over which the Department of Education has no direct public jurisdictional control but does influence. The primary function of the Department of Education is to formulate federal funding programs involving education and to enforce federal educational laws regarding privacy and civil rights.

Cons:Innovation in national education has had its opposition. President Ronald Reagan promised during the 1980 presidential election to eliminate the Department of Education as a cabinet post, but he was not able to do so with a Democratic House of Representatives. Throughout the 1980s, the abolition of the Department of Education was a part of the Republican Party platform, but the administration of President George H. W. Bush declined to implement this idea.In 1996, the Republican Party made abolition of the Department a cornerstone of their campaign promises, calling it an inappropriate federal intrusion into local, state, and family affairs. During his 1996 presidential run, Senator Bob Dole promised, "We're going to cut out the Department of Education. In 2000, the Republican Liberty Caucus passed a resolution to abolish the Department of Education. Abolition of the organization was not pursued under the George W. Bush administration, which made reform of federal education a key priority of the President's first term. In 2008, presidential candidate Ron Paul campaigned in part on an opposition to the Department.

Concept of Education: Higher-order thinking is a concept of Education reform based on learning taxonomies such as Bloom's Taxonomy. The idea is that some types of learning require more cognitive processing than others, but also have more generalized benefits.In Bloom's taxonomy, for example, Skills involving analysis, evaluation and synthesis (creation of new knowledge) are thoughtto be of a higher order, requiring different learning and teaching methods, than the learning of facts and concepts. Higher order thinking involves the learning of complex judgmental skills such as critical thinking and problem solving. Higher order thinking is more difficult to learn or teach but also more valuable because such skills are more likely to be usable in novel situations (i.e., situations other than those in which the skill was learned).

Practiced Concepts:Teachers in educational institutions direct the education of students and might draw on many subjects, including reading, writing, mathematics, science and history. This process is sometimes called schooling when referring to the education of teaching only a certain subject, usually as professors at institutions of higher learning. There is also education in fields for those who want specific vocational skills, such as those required to be a pilot. In addition there is an array of education possible at the informal level, such as in museums and libraries, with the Internet and in life experience. Many non-traditional education options are now available and continue to evolve.

Concepts Market Driven: Adult, Alternative, and Indigenous Education Adult education has become common in many countries. It takes on many forms, ranging from formal class-based learning to self-directed learning and e-learning. A number of career specific courses such as veterinary assisting, medical billing and coding, real estate license, bookkeeping and many more are now available to students through the Internet.Alternative education, also known as non-traditional education or educational alternative, is a broad term that may be used to refer to all forms of education outside of traditional education (for all age groups and levels of education). This may include not only forms of education designed for students with special needs (ranging from teenage pregnancy to intellectual disability), but also forms of education designed for a general audience and employing alternative educational philosophies and methods.

Alternatives of the latter type are often the result of education reform and are rooted in various philosophies that are commonly fundamentally different from those of traditional compulsory education. While some have strong political, scholarly, or philosophical orientations, others are more informal associations of teachers and students dissatisfied with certain aspects of traditional education. These alternatives, which include charter schools, alternative schools, independent schools, and home-based learning vary widely, but often emphasize the value of small class size, close relationships between students and teachers, and a sense of community.

Indigenous education (methods and content) as an alternative within the scope of formal and non-formal education systems, has come to represent a significant factor contributing to the success of those members of indigenous communities who choose to access these systems, both as students/learners and as teachers/instructors. As an educational method, the inclusion of indigenous ways of knowing, learning, instructing, teaching and training, has been viewed by many critical and postmodern scholars as important for ensuring that students/learners and teachers/instructors (whether indigenous or non-indigenous) are able to benefit from education in a culturally sensitive manner that draws upon, utilizes, promotes and enhances awareness of indigenous traditions. For indigenous students or learners, and teachers or instructors, the inclusion of these methods often enhances educational effectiveness, success and learning outcomes by providing education that adheres to their own inherent perspectives, experiences and worldview.

In terms of educational content, the inclusion of indigenous knowledge, traditions, perspectives, worldviews and conceptions within curricula, instructional materials, textbooks and course books have largely the same effects as the inclusion of indigenous methods in education. Indigenous students and teachers benefit from enhanced academic effectiveness, success and learning outcomes, while non-indigenous students/learners and teachers often have greater awareness, respect, and appreciation for indigenous communities and peoples in consequence of the content that is shared during the course of educational pursuits.

Innovation Management and Sovereignty: Sovereignty is the right and power to command, decide, rule, or judge: authority, command, control, domination, dominion, jurisdiction, mastery, might, power, prerogative, sway.Sovereignty in Home Schooling is the practical design that allows you to prepare your childs education within the modern world by the standards long cherished and protected as family values. Taken up in the 1960s as a counter cultural movement toward early levels of higher education, the practice has caught on with the basic appeal of choosing your own environmental settings and allowing the child to explore academic potentials at his or her own pace.

Ten Key Issues: Sovereignty in PracticeThe Navajo Sovereignty in Education Act of 2005 which include the establishment and management of a Navajo Nation Department of Din Education, to confirm the commitment of the Navajo Nation to the education of the Navajo People, to repeal obsolete language and to update and reorganize the existing language of Titles 10 and 2 of the Navajo Nation Code. It is the educational mission of the Navajo Nation to promote and foster lifelong learning for the Navajo people, and to protect the culture integrity and sovereignty of the Navajo Nation. A Navajo Nation Board of Education meeting is scheduled the first Friday of every month.2. In Neo-Calvinism, Sphere Sovereignty is the concept that each sphere (or sector) of life has its own distinct responsibilities and authority or competence, and stands equal to other spheres of life. Sphere sovereignty involves the idea of an all encompassing created order, designed and governed by God. This created order includes societal communities (such as those for purposes of education, worship, civil justice, agriculture, economy and labor, marriage and family, artistic expression, etc), their historical development, and their abiding norms. The principle of sphere sovereignty seeks to affirm and respect creational boundaries, and historical differentiation.

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3. The Greenlandic home rule referendum, 1979 was a consultative referendum held in Greenland 17 January 1979 over whether home rule from Denmark should be established. 70.1% of voters voted in favour of greater autonomy leading to the establishment of a Greenlandic Parliament and Greenland gaining sovereignty in areas such as education, health, fisheries and environment. As a result of the referendum, the home rule came into effect 1 May 1979.Treaty rights are certain rights that were reserved by Indian tribes when they signed treaties with the United States government. By signing treaties, tribes traded vast amounts of their land and resources in exchange for reserved areas of (land Indian Reservations) and things like protection (from attacks on their lands), health care, education, sovereignty and religious freedom, protection of hunting and fishing rights, and sometimes some monies as well. Because Article Six of the United States Constitution declares treaties to be the supreme law of the land, treaties are just as valid today as they were the day they were signed, and treaty rights are still legally binding as well.

4. Britain is a Sovereign Island and Education in England is overseen by the Department of Education and the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills. At a local level the local authorities take responsibility for implementing policy for public education and state schools.Full-time education is compulsory for all children aged between 5 and 16 (inclusive). Students may then continue their secondary studies for a further two years (sixth form), leading most typically to an A level qualification, although other qualifications and courses exist, including Business and Technology Education Council (BTEC) qualifications and the International Baccalaureate the leaving age for compulsory education was raised to 18 by the Education and Skills Act 2008. State-provided schools are free of charge to students, and there is also a tradition of independent schooling, but parents may choose to educate their children by any suitable means. Higher education typically begins with a 3-year Bachelor's Degree. Postgraduate degrees include Master's Degrees, either taught or by research, and Doctor of Philosophy, a research degree that usually takes at least 3 years. Universities require a Royal charter in order to issue degrees, and all but one are financed by the state with a low level of fees for home and European Union students.

5. Canadian Sovereignty and the Cosmopolitan Party of Canada is a minor socially progressive political party in Canada that began to develop in the 2000s.The party promotes:Human rightsSocial justiceCultural diversityUniversality of social programs, including access to basic amenities of life, public healthcare, and higher educationEnvironmental protectionCanadian Sovereignty

The party has representatives in about 75 ridings across the country who organizes discussion groups called "political cafs". It has representatives in all provinces except Saskatchewan and New Brunswick.

6. Sovereignty of Education in a Federal Republic, there is a division of powers between the national "federal" government, and the government of the individual subdivisions. While every nation manages this division of powers differently, national security and defense, monetary policy, and other issues of a "national" scope are handled at the "federal" level while more local issues such as road and infrastructure maintenance and education policy are handled at the local level. In other words, while the federal government has ultimate sovereignty, there is a limited sovereignty granted to the subdivisions, where the federal government does not have jurisdiction. This is in contrast to a unitary republic whereby the national government has complete sovereignty over all aspects of political life, and subdivisions are purely administrative in nature. The form of government is used by many countries around the world.

7. Colombian sovereignty in Education, The Revolutionary Independent Labour Movement (Movimiento Obrero Independiente y Revolucionario), or MOIR, is a left-wing party in Colombia, that was born in 1970, and in the 2006 the MOIR united with other revolutionary and democratic movements in the Alternative Democratic Pole (Polo Democrtico Alternativo - PDA). In the legislative elections, the MOIR won a senator called "Jorge Enrique Robledo". The Colombian economic newsmagazine "Portafolio considered Robledo the best senator of Colombia for his fights in defense of the agriculture, workers, education, health, national economics, users of public services, Colombian sovereignty and democracy.

Jorge Enrique Robledo

8. Sovereignty in Education and The French Constitution of 24 June 1793, also known as The Montagnard Constitution (French: Constitution montagnarde), was the constitution which instated the First Republic during the French Revolution. Following a referendum, it was ratified by the National Convention on June 24, 1793. Due to the external and internal state of war, legal dispositions of the Constitution were suspended on August 10, and accepted by the Convention on 10 October 1793. The Constitution was inspired by the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen of 1789, to which it added several rights: it proclaimed the superiority of the popular sovereignty over national sovereignty; various economic and social rights (right of association, right to work and public assistance, right to public education; the right of rebellion (and duty to rebel when the government violates the right of the people); and the abolition of slavery written in what is known as the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen of 1793.

9. Holy SeeCanada relations were only officially established under the papacy of Paul VI in the 1960s.In part, this is because the Vatican had lost its territorial sovereignty during the papacy of Pius IX and that it was only re-established during the Lateran Treaty of 1929. Also, relations with neighbouring Italy were bad during the Mussolini regime and were only re-established in the post-1945 era. Areas of cooperation between Ottawa and Rome have traditionally included education, health care, the struggle against poverty and international diplomacy. Before the establishment of the welfare state, Church involvement was evident in many sectors of Canadian society. Today, Canada's international preoccupations in favor of justice and peace are often in line with those of Rome, who favors dialogue on a global level.

10. The Community Food Security Coalition is a North American non-profit made up of 325 member organizations who focus on social and economic justice, the environment, nutrition, sustainable agriculture, community development, labor, anti-poverty, and anti-hunger initiatives. The coalition is dedicated to building strong, sustainable, local and regional food systems that ensure access to affordable, nutritious, and culturally appropriate food to all people at all times. The organization encourages a system for food sovereignty grounded in the principles of justice, democracy, and sustainability. The coalition seeks to further these goals through a comprehensive approach of policy advocacy, education and networking, and technical training.

Conclusion:There are new challenges, but the responses are also new. There is great need for innovation in the business of education. In the competitive world its a must that education as well as any other business run as fast as possible to stand in the same place. Innovation in education is not just about opening up new marketsit can also offer new ways of serving established and mature ones. Globally, institutions of higher learning are achieving competitive advantage through the use of technologies and embracing new ways of doing things. There is great need to implement and practice innovation management in the industry of Education. The U.S. Department of Education is prime example of an organization that formulates and executes innovation strategies. The Department has industry influence on demand and competitive conditions, the provision of human resources, forms of governance, and oversight of national systems of innovation. We all benefit or have benefited from the success of practiced innovation management in education.

The education industry has learned from the market or the consumer that there is need beyond traditional schooling concepts and has adapted. The Industry manages innovation and has learned to market evolving concepts. The Industry has identified market trends and opportunities, and translated these requirements into new products and services in adult, alternative, and indigenous education business models. Through the use of technology and innovation the Industry has expanded its market many times and made the concept of education and higher order thinking available to all. We have managed innovation in education sovereignty throughout history and in many nations. Sovereignty in most cases has enabled strategy-making, effective knowledge acquisition, and implementation of education and education business innovation throughout the world. Sovereignty in education has caused the development of business plans and planning so that innovation can be best managed. Firms that deliver home school education programs use new technology innovations to deliver training and training materials. Sovereign education firms or organizations tend to be small and are innovative fundraisers and entrepreneurs. Many sovereign education ventures can be considered new technology based firms (NTBFs). Additionally, sovereign education entrepreneurs establish new technology based ventures primarily to achieve independence and economic success.

References:www.ed.govwww.wikipedia.orgwww.ask.comwww.answers.com