Practice Exercises in Morphology Linguistics 201

Free and Bound Morphemes List the morphemes in each word below, and state whether each morpheme is free (F) or bound (B). 1. creating 6. unhealthy 2. seaward 7. waiter 3. wastage 8. reconsider 4. poetic 9. keys 5. modernize 10. incompletion Word Trees For each word below, draw a word tree. 1. shipper 6. simply 2. disobey 7. jumping 3. resettled 8. digitizes 4. anticlimaxes 9. activity 5. unemployment 10. confrontational

Practice Exercises in Morphology Linguistics 201

Free and Bound Morphemes List the morphemes in each word below, and state whether each morpheme is free (F) or bound (B). 1. creating 6. unhealthy create (F) un (B) ing (B) health (F) y (B) 2. seaward 7. waiter sea (F) wait (F) ward (B) er (B) 3. wastage 8. reconsider waste (F) re (B) age (B) consider (F) 4. poetic 9. keys poet (F) key (F) ic (B) s (B) 5. modernize 10. incompletion modern (F) in (B) ize (B) complete (F) ion (B)

Word Trees For each word below, draw a word tree. 1. shipper 6. simply 2. disobey 7. jumping 3. resettled 8. digitizes 4. anticlimaxes 9. activity 5. disengagement 10. confrontational 1. N 2. V V DAff DAff V ship er dis obey 3. V V DAff V IAff re settle d 4. N N DAff N IAff anti climax es 5. 3. N V DAff V DAff dis engage ment

6. Adv 7. V Adj DAff V IAff simple y jump ing For #7, “jumping” could also be either a noun (“Jumping over the water was dangerous”) or an adjective (“The jumping bunnies looked ridiculous.”) In both of these cases, “ing” is a derivational affix. 8. V V N DAff IAff digit ize s 9. N Adj V DAff DAff act ive ity 10. Adj N V DAff DAff confront ation al

Practice Exercises in Morphology II Linguistics 201

Derivational and Inflectional Affixes For each word below, indicate whether the word is morphologically simple (S), includes an inflectional affix (I), or includes a derivational affix (D). 1. rider 6. reader 2. colder 7. redder 3. silver 8. radish 4. lens 9. redness 5. legs 10. rotation

Esperanto Esperanto is an artificial language that was invented by Ludwig Zamenhof in 1887. It was designed to be easy to learn and is based largely on the languages of western Europe. It is now primarily spoken in France, although it may also be found in eastern Asia, South America and eastern Europe. There are now between 200-2,000 native speakers and about 2,000,000 people worldwide speak it as a second language. Examine the following data from Esperanto and then answer the questions below: 1. bono ‘goodness’ 11. portistino ‘female porter’ 2. instrua ‘instructive’ 12. pura ‘pure’ 3. malfacila ‘difficult’ 13. malbone ‘badly’ 4. patrino ‘mother’ 14. facile ‘easily’ 5. instruisto ‘teacher’ 15. bona ‘good’ 6. porti ‘to carry’ 16. malgranda ‘small’ 7. facila ‘easy’ 17. bone ‘well’ 8. patro ‘father’ 18. facilo ‘easiness’ 9. portisto ‘porter’ 19. granda ‘big’ 10. instrui ‘to instruct’ 20. instruo ‘instruction’ A. What are the morphemes that correspond to the following lexical categories and concepts? i. Nouns iv. Adverbs ii. Verbs v. Feminine iii. Adjectives vi. The opposite (not…) B. Translate the following English words and phrases into Esperanto. i. “purity” ii. “bad” iii. “female teacher”

Practice Exercises in Morphology II Linguistics 201

Derivational and Inflectional Affixes For each word below, indicate whether the word is morphologically simple (S), includes an inflectional affix (I), or includes a derivational affix (D). 1. rider D 6. reader D 2. colder I 7. redder I 3. silver S 8. radish S 4. lens S 9. redness D 5. legs I 10. rotation D

Esperanto Esperanto is an artificial language that was invented by Ludwig Zamenhof in 1887. It was designed to be easy to learn and is based largely on the languages of western Europe. It is now primarily spoken in France, although it may also be found in eastern Asia, South America and eastern Europe. There are now between 200-2,000 native speakers and about 2,000,000 people worldwide speak it as a second language. Examine the following data from Esperanto and then answer the questions below: 1. bono ‘goodness’ 11. portistino ‘female porter’ 2. instrua ‘instructive’ 12. pura ‘pure’ 3. malfacila ‘difficult’ 13. malbone ‘badly’ 4. patrino ‘mother’ 14. facile ‘easily’ 5. instruisto ‘teacher’ 15. bona ‘good’ 6. porti ‘to carry’ 16. malgranda ‘small’ 7. facila ‘easy’ 17. bone ‘well’ 8. patro ‘father’ 18. facilo ‘easiness’ 9. portisto ‘porter’ 19. granda ‘big’ 10. instrui ‘to instruct’ 20. instruo ‘instruction’ A. What are the morphemes that correspond to the following lexical categories and concepts? i. Nouns o iv. Adverbs e ii. Verbs i v. Feminine in iii. Adjectives a vi. The opposite (not…) mal B. Translate the following English words and phrases into Esperanto. i. “purity” puro ii. “bad” malbona iii. “female teacher” instruistino

Practice Exercises in Morphology III Linguistics 201

I. Morphological Analysis From the following data sets, identify the strings of sounds which correspond to the morphemes in each language. Swahili Swahili is a Bantu language which is spoken primarily in East Africa. There are approximately 800,000 native speakers of Swahili, and some 30,000,000 people (!) worldwide speak Swahili as a second language. anapenda 'he likes' alimona 'he saw him' atapenda 'he will like' alimsaidia 'he helped him' alipenda 'he liked' alimpiga 'he hit him' amependa 'he has liked' alimchukua 'he carried him' alinipenda 'he liked me' alimua 'he killed him' alikupenda 'he liked you' ananitazama 'he looks at me' alimpenda 'he liked him' atakusikia 'he will hear you' alitupenda 'he liked us' alitupanya 'he cured us' aliwapenda 'he liked them' ninakupenda 'I like you' nitampenda 'I will like him' nitawapenda 'I will like them' Pronouns Tenses Verbs he: [present]: see: me: [future]: help: you: [past]: hit: him: [past part.]: carry: us: kill: them: look: I: hear: cure: like: Translate the following English sentences into Swahili: i. He has hit me. ii. He helps us. iii. I will look at you.

Cree Cree is an Algonquian language which is spoken primarily in Canada. There are approximately 100,000 native speakers, who can be found from the Rocky Mountains in Alberta all the way to James Bay in northern Quebec. niwapahten 'I see' niwapahtenan 'We see' kimachishen 'You cut' kimachishenawaw 'You (pl.) cut' nitapinan 'We sit' nitapin 'I sit' kiwapahten 'You see' kiwapahtenawaw 'You (pl.) see' nimachishenan 'We cut' nimachishen 'I cut' kitapinawaw 'You (pl.) sit' kitapin 'You sit' Pronouns Verbs I: see: You: cut: We: sit: You (pl.): II. Word-Formation Processes Name the word-formation process exemplified by each of the following derivations. 1. Graphical User Interface → GUI 2. professor → prof 3. information + commercial → infomercial 4. drink → drank 5. sandwich (named after John Montagu, the 4th Earl of Sandwich!) 6. un- + rely + -able → unreliable 7. wind + shield → windshield 8. orientation → orientate 9. good → better 10. a process → to process

Practice Exercises in Morphology III Linguistics 201

I. Morphological Analysis From the following data sets, identify the strings of sounds which correspond to the morphemes in each language. Swahili Swahili is a Bantu language which is spoken primarily in East Africa. There are approximately 800,000 native speakers of Swahili, and some 30,000,000 people (!) worldwide speak Swahili as a second language. anapenda 'he likes' alimona 'he saw him' atapenda 'he will like' alimsaidia 'he helped him' alipenda 'he liked' alimpiga 'he hit him' amependa 'he has liked' alimchukua 'he carried him' alinipenda 'he liked me' alimua 'he killed him' alikupenda 'he liked you' ananitazama 'he looks at me' alimpenda 'he liked him' atakusikia 'he will hear you' alitupenda 'he liked us' alitupanya 'he cured us' aliwapenda 'he liked them' ninakupenda 'I like you' nitampenda 'I will like him' nitawapenda 'I will like them' Pronouns Tenses Verbs he: a [present]: na see: ona me: ni [future]: ta help: saidia you: ku [past]: li hit: piga him: m [past part.]: me carry: chukua us: tu kill: ua them: wa look: tazama I: ni hear: sikia cure: panya like: penda Translate the following English sentences into Swahili: i. He has hit me. amenipiga ii. He helps us. anatusaidia iii. I will look at you. nitakutazama

Cree Cree is an Algonquian language which is spoken primarily in Canada. There are approximately 100,000 native speakers, who can be found from the Rocky Mountains in Alberta all the way to James Bay in northern Quebec. niwapahten 'I see' niwapahtenan 'We see' kimachishen 'You cut' kimachishenawaw 'You (pl.) cut' nitapinan 'We sit' nitapin 'I sit' kiwapahten 'You see' kiwapahtenawaw 'You (pl.) see' nimachishenan 'We cut' nimachishen 'I cut' kitapinawaw 'You (pl.) sit' kitapin 'You sit' Pronouns Verbs I: ni see: wapahten You: ki cut: machishen We: ni- -an sit: tapin You (pl.): ki -awaw II. Word-Formation Processes Name the word-formation process exemplified by each of the following derivations. 1. Graphical User Interface → GUI Acronym 2. professor → prof Clipping 3. information + commercial → infomercial Blend 4. drink → drank Internal Change 5. sandwich (named after John Montagu, the 4th Earl of Sandwich!) Eponym 6. un- + rely + -able → unreliable Affixation 7. wind + shield → windshield Compound 8. orientation → orientate Back formation 9. good → better Suppletion 10. a process → to process Conversion

More Morphology Practice Exercises Linguistics 201

Turkish Turkish is an Altaic language. It is the official language of Turkey and is spoken by about 50 million people worldwide. 1. deniz 'an ocean' 9. elim 'my hand' 2. denize 'to an ocean' 10. eller 'hands' 3. denizin 'of an ocean' 11. dishler 'teeth' 4. eve 'to a house' 12. dishiminiz 'of our tooth' 5. evden 'from a house' 13. dishleriminiz 'of our teeth' 6. evjikden 'from a little house' 14. eljike 'to a little hand' 7. denizjikde 'in a little ocean' 15. denizlerimizde 'in our oceans' 8. elde 'in a hand' 16. evjiklerimizde 'in our little houses' A. Give the Turkish morpheme which corresponds to each of the following English translations. ocean: in: my: house: to: of: hand: from: our: tooth: [plural]: little: B. What is the order of morphemes in a Turkish word (in terms of noun, plural marker, etc.)? C .How would you say "of our little hands" in Turkish? D. Give the English translation for the Turkish form "dishjiklerden".

Czech (this one's tricky!): Czech is a Slavic language which is spoken by about 10 million people, primarily in the Czech Republic. nesu ‘I carry’ yedu ‘I drive’ ponese ‘He will carry’ ponesu ‘I will carry’ povedete ‘You (pl) will lead’ yede ‘He drives’ poplavu ‘I will swim’ nese ‘He carries’ priplavesh ‘You will swim here’ odnesou ‘They will carry away’ priyedou ‘They will drive here’ odplavete ‘You (pl.) will swim away’ odvedeme ‘We will lead away’ poplaveme ‘We will swim’ odyede ‘He will drive away’ prineseme ‘We will bring here’ poyede ‘He will drive’ prinese ‘He will bring here’ nesou ‘They carry’ odvedu ‘I will lead away’ plavou ‘They swim’ odnesesh ‘You carry away’ vedeme ‘We lead’ A. Identify the Czech morphemes which correspond to the following English translations: Verbs Pronouns Tense, Location carry: I: here: bring: he: away: lead: we: will: drive: you: swim: you (pl.): they: B. What is the order of these morphemes in Czech (in terms of verbs, pronouns, tense, location)? C. Provide Czech translations for the following English sentences: 1. He will swim. 2. They drive away. 3. You lead away. 4. I will bring here.

More Morphology Practice Exercises Linguistics 201

Turkish Turkish is an Altaic language. It is the official language of Turkey and is spoken by about 50 million people worldwide. 1. deniz 'an ocean' 9. elim 'my hand' 2. denize 'to an ocean' 10. eller 'hands' 3. denizin 'of an ocean' 11. dishler 'teeth' 4. eve 'to a house' 12. dishiminiz 'of our tooth' 5. evden 'from a house' 13. dishleriminiz 'of our teeth' 6. evjikden 'from a little house' 14. eljike 'to a little hand' 7. denizjikde 'in a little ocean' 15. denizlerimizde 'in our oceans' 8. elde 'in a hand' 16. evjiklerimizde 'in our little houses' A. Give the Turkish morpheme which corresponds to each of the following English translations. ocean: deniz in: de my: im house: ev to: e of: in hand: el from: den our: imiz tooth: dish [plural]: ler little: jik B. What is the order of morphemes in a Turkish word (in terms of noun, plural marker, etc.)? noun - adjective - plural - possessive pronoun - preposition

Exception: when "imiz" (our) is combined with "in" (of), the "in" appears inside of the "imiz". For example, #12: dishiminiz "of our tooth"

C .How would you say "of our little hands" in Turkish? eljikleriminiz D. Give the English translation for the Turkish form "dishjiklerden". from little teeth

Czech (this one's tricky!): Czech is a Slavic language which is spoken by about 10 million people, primarily in the Czech Republic. nesu ‘I carry’ yedu ‘I drive’ ponese ‘He will carry’ ponesu ‘I will carry’ povedete ‘You (pl) will lead’ yede ‘He drives’ poplavu ‘I will swim’ nese ‘He carries’ priplavesh ‘You will swim here’ odnesou ‘They will carry away’ priyedou ‘They will drive here’ odplavete ‘You (pl.) will swim away’ odvedeme ‘We will lead away’ poplaveme ‘We will swim’ odyede ‘He will drive away’ prineseme ‘We will bring here’ poyede ‘He will drive’ prinese ‘He will bring here’ nesou ‘They carry’ odvedu ‘I will lead away’ plavou ‘They swim’ odnesesh ‘You carry away’ vedeme ‘We lead’ A. Identify the Czech morphemes which correspond to the following English translations: Verbs Pronouns Tense, Location carry: nes I: u here: pri bring: nes he: e away: od lead: ved we: eme will: po drive: yed you: esh swim: plav you (pl.): ete they: ou B. What is the order of these morphemes in Czech (in terms of verbs, pronouns, tense, location)? tense/location - verb - pronoun

Note: when a location (here/away) is specified, then the future morpheme ("po") does not appear on the surface.

C. Provide Czech translations for the following English sentences: 1. He will swim. poplave 2. They drive away. odyedou 3. You lead away. odvedesh 4. I will bring here. prinesu