1. Practical MotorProtection,Control andMaintenanceTechnologiesTechnology www.idc-online.com/slideshare Technology TTrraaiinniinngg tthhaatt Wwoorrkkss

2. Fundamentals of motor technology and construction Basic principles of rotating electric machines Fundamental principles of speed control Efficiency, torque, inertia, horsepower/power factor Torque-speed curves Induction/synchronous/wound rotor types Basic construction and physical configuration, windings Principles of operation and performanceTechnology www.idc-online.com/slideshare Technology TTrraaiinniinngg tthhaatt Wwoorrkkss 3. Motoring Action1. As voltage is applied to the stationary conductors, magnetic field is produced.2. This magnetic field in turn induces voltage in the rotor conductors, in case ofsome motors (induction motors) or voltage is externally applied to the rotorconductors.3. This voltage also produces magnetic field.4. The magnetic field of the stator and rotor, together, put the rotor in runningcondition.Technology www.idc-online.com/slideshare Technology TTrraaiinniinngg tthhaatt Wwoorrkkss 4. Depiction of a motoring actionTechnology www.idc-online.com/slideshare Technology TTrraaiinniinngg tthhaatt Wwoorrkkss 5. Electric machine concepts Electrical machines (either a motor or a generator) can be broadly classified as DCMachines and AC Machines depending on the nature of supply given to them. An electrical machine can be interchangeably associated with either a motor or agenerator. The fundamentals for a particular category (like DC or Synchronous) are identicalfor both the generator and motor.Technology www.idc-online.com/slideshare Technology TTrraaiinniinngg tthhaatt Wwoorrkkss 6. Simple depiction of a motorTechnology www.idc-online.com/slideshare Technology TTrraaiinniinngg tthhaatt Wwoorrkkss 7. A simple DC machine A simple DC machine has a current carrying coil supported in between twopermanent magnets These magnets create the necessary flux (opposite poles facing each other) Poles of a magnet, North & South, are always together Accordingly Poles of a motor are expressed in pairs The coil armature can rotate freely insideTechnology www.idc-online.com/slideshare Technology TTrraaiinniinngg tthhaatt Wwoorrkkss 8. Electromagnetic circuit of a DC machineArmature: The coil ends are connected to a DC source- Current flows through the circuit- Coils behave like a bar magnet- Results in Magnetic fluxField: Produces flux lines across the PolesRotation: As a result of Forces of attraction / repulsion between twofields.Technology www.idc-online.com/slideshare Technology TTrraaiinniinngg tthhaatt Wwoorrkkss 9. Electromagnetic circuit of a DC machineTechnology www.idc-online.com/slideshare Technology TTrraaiinniinngg tthhaatt Wwoorrkkss 10. Electromechanical features of DC machinesYoke: Motor housingStator: Houses Field winding Poles & InterpolesRotor: Armature carrying the commutator apart from the rotatingshaftMain pole: Houses field windingCommutator: Rotating, current transferring agent. Helps indeveloping a stationary field by the rotating armatureBrushes: Stationary, current carrying conductors making contactwith the commutatorPole Shoe: Helps in maximizing the flux distributionTechnology www.idc-online.com/slideshare Technology TTrraaiinniinngg tthhaatt Wwoorrkkss 11. Electromechanical features of DC machinesTechnology www.idc-online.com/slideshare Technology TTrraaiinniinngg tthhaatt Wwoorrkkss 12. Commutator of a DC machineUsed only in DC MachinesExtends supply to the ArmatureAny electrical machine will have two magneticfields developed by its:Stator andRotorBoth the fields of a DC motor are StationaryActs as a bridge between stationary supply wiresand rotating ArmatureTechnology www.idc-online.com/slideshare Technology TTrraaiinniinngg tthhaatt Wwoorrkkss 13. Simple cross sectional view of a DC machineTechnology www.idc-online.com/slideshare Technology TTrraaiinniinngg tthhaatt Wwoorrkkss 14. Speed characteristics of various types of DCMotorsShunt: Most commonly used Speed drops slowly as the motor is loaded.Series: Speed drops heavily as the motor is loadedDevelops very high speeds at low loadUsed mainly for tractionCompound:Cumulative in between Shunt and SeriesDifferential speed rises with the load appliedTechnology www.idc-online.com/slideshare Technology TTrraaiinniinngg tthhaatt Wwoorrkkss 15. Speed characteristics of various types of DC MotorsTechnology www.idc-online.com/slideshare Technology TTrraaiinniinngg tthhaatt Wwoorrkkss 16. Representation of apparent power and real powerTechnology www.idc-online.com/slideshare Technology TTrraaiinniinngg tthhaatt Wwoorrkkss 17. Torque characteristics of various types of MotorsA curve drawn between the TORQUE developed by a Motor againstthe speed / loading (current)Useful in the selection of appropriate motors for a particular LoadrequirementA proper match gives the best performanceA mismatch havoc for running the PlantHelpful in estimating the acceleration timeTechnology www.idc-online.com/slideshare Technology TTrraaiinniinngg tthhaatt Wwoorrkkss 18. Torque characteristics of various types of DC MotorsTechnology www.idc-online.com/slideshare Technology TTrraaiinniinngg tthhaatt Wwoorrkkss 19. Torque characteristics of AC Induction MotorsTechnology www.idc-online.com/slideshare Technology TTrraaiinniinngg tthhaatt Wwoorrkkss 20. Torque characteristic of a Synchronous MotorTechnology www.idc-online.com/slideshare Technology TTrraaiinniinngg tthhaatt Wwoorrkkss 21. Squirrel Cage Induction Motor (SCIM)It is the most common type of AC motor.Known as the workhorse of Modern IndustryIt is the most cost effective motorCan be designed for any kind of environment.Construction of the rotor gives this name.The rotor consists of a series of conducting bars laid into slotscarved in the face of the rotor and shorted at either end by largeshorting rings.Technology www.idc-online.com/slideshare Technology TTrraaiinniinngg tthhaatt Wwoorrkkss 22. Simple view of squirrel cage induction rotorTechnology www.idc-online.com/slideshare Technology TTrraaiinniinngg tthhaatt Wwoorrkkss 23. Slip Ring Induction MotorThe motor starts with a full resistance bankAs speed of the motor increases, the resistances are shorted, one byoneAs the motor reaches full speed, the whole bank of resistance isshorted out and the motor now runs alike a squirrel cage inductionmotorVery much useful to develop high starting torqueReduced starting current puts less burden on the power systemTechnology www.idc-online.com/slideshare Technology TTrraaiinniinngg tthhaatt Wwoorrkkss 24. Simple view of slip ring induction rotorTechnology www.idc-online.com/slideshare Technology TTrraaiinniinngg tthhaatt Wwoorrkkss 25. Synchronous motorSynchronous motor is a constant speed motorCan be used to correct the power factor of the 3-phase system.Like the Induction motor in terms of the stator, the synchronousmachine has either a permanent magnet arrangement or anelectromagnet (with current supplied via slip rings) rotor.In simple terms, the rotor will keep locking with the rotating magneticfield in the stator.In many synchronous machines, a squirrel cage is in incorporated intothe rotor for starting.Technology www.idc-online.com/slideshare Technology TTrraaiinniinngg tthhaatt Wwoorrkkss 26. Single phase induction motorThis motor is used mostly in small sizes, where polyphase current is notavailableCharacteristics are not as good as the polyphase motor and for sizelarger that 10 HP, the line disturbance is likely to be objectionableThese motors are commonly used for light starting and for runningloads up to 1/3 HP Capacitor and repulsion types provide greater torqueand are built in sizes up to 10 HP.Mostly finds application in domestic sectorTechnology www.idc-online.com/slideshare Technology TTrraaiinniinngg tthhaatt Wwoorrkkss 27. Shaded pole single phase induction motorTechnology www.idc-online.com/slideshare Technology TTrraaiinniinngg tthhaatt Wwoorrkkss 28. Assembly details of a typical AC induction motorTechnology www.idc-online.com/slideshare Technology TTrraaiinniinngg tthhaatt Wwoorrkkss 29. Stator and rotor laminations The magnetic path of a motor comprises a setof slotted steel laminations These silicon steel laminations are pressedinto the cylindrical space inside the outerframe The magnetic path is laminated to reduceeddy currents.... lower losses and lowerheating A set of insulated electrical windings, whichare placed inside the slots of the laminatedmagnetic path Rotor laminations are varied based on thetype of torque characteristic to be realizedTechnology www.idc-online.com/slideshare Technology TTrraaiinniinngg tthhaatt Wwoorrkkss 30. Speed-Torque curves of Motor Vs Load The machine and the load are the two components of an electro-mechanicalenergy conversion system. The machine characteristics play a very important role in the operatingbehavior of the entire system. The steady operating point is the point where the speed torque characteristicsof the load and the motor intersect each other. The drive system will settle to a speed corresponding to the point ofintersection of these two curvesTechnology www.idc-online.com/slideshare Technology TTrraaiinniinngg tthhaatt Wwoorrkkss 31. Speed-Torque curves of Motor Vs LoadTechnology www.idc-online.com/slideshare Technology TTrraaiinniinngg tthhaatt Wwoorrkkss 32. Drive systems engineering At the time of engineering the drive systems, following shall be consideredfor both the Motor as well as the Load: the speed / torque characteristics the speed / power characteristics Load characteristics can be classified as Constant Torque Constant Horsepower Squared-Exponential Loads - torque varies directly as the speed, and power as thesquare of speed Cubed-Exponential Loads - torque varies as the square of speed, and power as thecube of speedTechnology www.idc-online.com/slideshare Technology TTrraaiinniinngg tthhaatt Wwoorrkkss 33. DO YOU WANT TO KNOW MORE?If you are interested in further training or information,please visit:http://idc-online.com/slideshareTechnology www.idc-online.com/slideshare Technology TTrraaiinniinngg tthhaatt Wwoorrkkss