PUNJAB COLLEGE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATIONPUNJAB COLLEGE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

PRESENTATION ON TOUCH TECHNOLOGY IN MOBILES

Points of Discussion Introduction to touch technology History & Development Founder First Touch Phone First Touch Mobile Construction of Touch Screen Types of Touch Technologies Comparison Manufacturer Applications Advantages Disadvantages Future Closing Thought

Introduction

A touch screen is an electronic visual display that can detect the presence and location of a touch within the display area. Touch screens can sense Finger and other passive objects, such as a stylus. However, if the object sensed is active, as with a light pen.

History & Development

• In 1971 Dr. Sam Hurst, founder of Elographics developed the first touch opaque sensor “Elograph” at the University of Kentucky.

• In 1974 He developed the first real touch screen. • In 1977, Elographics developed the five-wire resistive

technology then with the backing of Siemens Corporation, developed a curved glass sensor called the touch screen.

• The new transparent technology, AccuTouch, was later developed by the founders of Elographics, Dr. Hurst and Bill Colwell

Dr. Samuel Hurst

The father of the touch screen technology is Dr. Samuel Hurst. In 1971, while he was working as an instructor at the University of Kentucky Research Foundation, he had to read a great volume of information during the graduation exams. In an effort to save some time he invented the first touch sensor that he called “Еlo graph”(electronic graphics), which allowed him to enter data faster.

First Touch Phone

Apple was the first with a touch screen phone in 1983. Jason Ford of Elo Touch Systems, the company whose founder invented touch screen technology, for providing the touch technology. In 1971, the first "touch sensor" was developed by Doctor Sam Hurst.

First Touch Mobile

The Nokia 7710 is a first touch screen mobile phone model produced by Nokia. The 7710 is based on the Nokia 7700 which was never released. It is Nokia's first, and so far only smart phone to run the Series 90 GUI a top the Symbian OS.

Construction of Touch screen

A basic touch screen has three main components: a touch sensor, a controller, and a software driver. The touch screen is an input device, so it needs to be combined with a display and a PC or other device to make a complete

touch input system.  

Touch Sensor

A touch screen sensor is a clear glass panel with a touch responsive surface which is placed over a display screen so that the responsive area of the panel covers the viewable area of the display screen.

The sensor generally has an electrical current or signal going through it and touching the screen causes a voltage or signal change. This voltage change is used to determine the location of the touch to the screen

Controller

• The controller is a small PC card that connects between the touch sensor and the PC. It takes information from the touch sensor and translates it into information that PC can understand.

Software Driver

The driver is a software that allows the touch screen and computer to work together. It tells the operating system how to interpret the touch event information that is sent from the controller.

Most touch screen drivers today are a mouse-emulation type driver. This makes touching the screen the same as clicking your mouse at the same location on the screen.

Types of Touch Technologies

There are mainly 4 types of touch Technologies:-

1.Resistive

2. Surface acoustic wave

3. Capacitive

4. Infrared

Resistive

A resistive touch screen panel is composed of several layers, the most important of which are two thin, metallic, electrically conductive layers separated by a narrow gap. When an object, such as a finger, presses down on a point on the panel's outer surface the two metallic layers become connected at that point. This causes a change in the electrical current, which is registered as a touch event and sent to the controller for processing. It is used in Grocery Stores, Hotels, Restaurants and Retail Stores.

VS20UA CONTROLLER

Supply Voltage

5.0V  DC

Maximum Current 

20mA (Pick)

Resolution

12-bit

Advantages & Disadvantages of Resistive

• Advantages

– Cost-effective solution

– Activated by any stylus

– Very accurate

– Low power requirements

– Liquids won't affect touch screen performance

• Disadvantages

– Polyester surface can be damaged

– Lower endurance (35 million touches)

Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW)

Surface acoustic wave (SAW) technology uses ultrasonic waves that pass over the touch screen panel. When the panel is touched, a portion of the wave is absorbed. This change in the ultrasonic waves registers the position of the touch event and sends this information to the controller for processing. SAW touch screen technology is suggested for use in ATMs, Amusement Parks, Gaming Environments, Industrial Control Rooms etc.

2701RSU CONTROLLER

Voltage+5 VDC

Baud Rate9600 (default) and 19200

Touch Resolution12bit, size independent

Conversion Time10 ms per coordinate set

Advantages & Disadvantages of SAW

• Advantages

– Durable glass construction

– High optical clarity

– Activated by a finger, gloved hand, or soft tip stylus

• Disadvantages

– Moving liquids or condensation can cause false touches

– Solid contaminants create non-touch areas until removed

– Doesn't support drag or draw effectively

Capacitive

A capacitive touch screen panel consists of an insulator such as glass, coated with a transparent conductor such as indium tin oxide (ITO). As the human body is also a conductor, touching the surface of the screen results in a distortion of the body's electrostatic field, measurable as a change in capacitance.

5000 RSU SERIAL CONTROLLER

Supply Voltage :+5 V DC or +12V

Baud Rate9600 (default) and 19200

Touch Resolution12bit, size independent.

Conversion TimeApproximately 15 ms per coordinate set

Advantages & Disadvantages of Capacitive

• Advantages

– Scratch resistant, durable surface

– High endurance (225 million touches)

– Very accurate

– Good optical clarity

– Liquids won't affect touch screen performance

• Disadvantages

– Does not work with gloved fingers or stylus

Infrared An infrared touch screen uses

an array of X-Y infrared LED and photo detector pairs around the edges of the screen to detect a disruption in the pattern of LED beams. Infra-red bezels have proven to be a very reliable technology for use in ATMs,Medical Instrumentation and Transportation Tracking applications.

Advantages & Disadvantages of Infrared Touch Screen

• Advantages

-Highest quality of underlying image

-Very high transmittance

-Excellent anti-glare, with use of chemically etched glass

-Can be activated with almost any device

-Higher accuracy than other technologies

-Very high durability and reliability

• Disadvantages

- Surface obstructions can cause a false touch

– It is very sensitive and can be activated by stray touches.

– Low resolution

– Parallax problems

Touch Screen Technology Comparison ChartResistive Infrared SAW Capacitive

Touch Resolution

High High Average High

Clarity Average Good Good Good

Operation Finger or Stylus Finger or Stylus Finger or Soft-tipped Stylus

Finger only

Durability Can be Damaged by Sharp Objects

Highly Durable Susceptible to Dirt and Moisture

Highly durable

Manufacturers Apple Inc. was the first company

which introduce the touch phone and after that nokia come into existence with their Nokia 7710. Now a days the big companies like Nokia, Samsung, Sony Ericsson, Motorola, Blackberry are making touch screen technology. Some of the local companies are also taking part for making the touch technology but these are not effective in the environment.

Applications of Touch Screens 

•Informational kiosks

•Trade show displays

•Museum / tourism displays

•Point-of-sale terminals

•Restaurant systems

•Employee time clocks

•Industrial process controls

•World Wide Web access kiosks

•Home automation systems

•Casino and other gaming systems

•Computer access for the physically disabled

Advantages & Disadvantages of all Touch Technology

Touch screens have several advantages over other pointing devices:

•   A touch screen is easy to use (as the user simply touches what he or she sees on the display).

•  Save space as no buttons are required.

•  Touching a visual display of choices requires little thinking and is a form of direct manipulation that is easy to learn.

•   Touch screens are the fastest pointing devices.

•  Touch screens have easier hand eye coordination than buttons.

•  Touch screens are durable in public access and in high volume usage.

Disadvantages  • Screen has to be really big not to miss things when pressing them with

your finger:

•  Big screen leads to low battery life.

•  Touch screen means screen can’t be read too well in direct sunlight as it applies an additional not 100% transparent.

• Touch screen devices usually has no additional keys (see the iPhone) and this means when an app crashes, without crashing the OS, you can’t get to the main menu as the whole screen becomes unresponsive.

•  Most user interfaces are not optimized for thumb operation, so a stylus in necessary, and this means using two hands

•  Screens get very dirty.

•  These devices require massive computing power which leads to slow devices.

Future

If we're among those who think that touch screen phones are only available on high-end devices, think again! Gartner Inc estimates that the global market for touch screen mobiles will cross 362.7 million units in 2010, a 96.8 per cent increase from the 184.3 million units sold in 2009. And by 2013, touchscreen mobiles will account for 58 per cent of all global mobile sales, and more than 80 per cent in high-end markets, such as North America and Western Europe.

CLOSING THOUGHTS

Though the touch screen technology contains some limitations it’s very user friendly, fast, accurate, easy for the novices & fun to operate. It has been widely accepted. And now by just modifying a little it can replace the mouse and key board completely in near future.

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