Ppt Theme2
-
Upload
nayeem-khan -
Category
Documents
-
view
236 -
download
0
Transcript of Ppt Theme2
-
8/7/2019 Ppt Theme2
1/57
www.pgdcs.com
P.G. Department of Computer SciencesUniversity of Kashmir
Multimedia software Life Cycle
-
8/7/2019 Ppt Theme2
2/57
www.company.com
Multimedia System Development LifeCycle
Structured approach to multimedia and information
system development that guides all the processes
involved from an initial feasibility study through to
maintenance of the finished application.
-
8/7/2019 Ppt Theme2
3/57
www.company.com
Stage 1 : Planning and Costing
The main concerns in this phase are
to capture the ideas and requirements of you or your
clients to identify the potential audience and users of the
application
to find out the benefit that will gain from developing the
application
to evaluate the feasibility and costs of the entireproject, including all tasks of production, testing and
delivery
-
8/7/2019 Ppt Theme2
4/57
www.company.com
Stage 2 :Designing
Design is a creative activity.
It requires the knowledge and skill with computer
It requires the talent in graphics arts, video and
music
It also requires the knowledge of the subject
area of the application
-
8/7/2019 Ppt Theme2
5/57
www.company.com
Storyboarding
Storyboards describes the project in exact detail
using words and sketches for each screen
images, sound, and navigational choice .
-
8/7/2019 Ppt Theme2
6/57
www.company.com
Design Architecture
Architecture is the arrangement of the
multimedia information
Types of architecture
Linear
Nonlinear
Hierarchy
Composite
-
8/7/2019 Ppt Theme2
7/57
www.company.com
Design User interface
The main emphasis in the design of multimedia user
interface is multimedia presentation
Contents selection is the key to convey the information tothe user content can be influenced by constraints imposed
by
the size and complexity of the presentation
the quality of information
the limitation of the display hardware the need for presentation completeness and coherence
-
8/7/2019 Ppt Theme2
8/57
www.company.com
User-friendliness
User-friendliness is the primary goal of
multimedia interface.
Feedback
-
8/7/2019 Ppt Theme2
9/57
-
8/7/2019 Ppt Theme2
10/57
www.company.com
Rights and permissions
You need to consider what rights do you require
How will the material be used and distributed
Is the license for a fixed period
Is the license exclusive or non-exclusive
Where will your product be distributed
Does the content owner have the authority to
assign right to you
Will the copyright owner receive renumeration for
the license
-
8/7/2019 Ppt Theme2
11/57
www.company.com
Testing and Debugging
Alpha testingis typically an internal activity. The
product is tested by in-house team
Beta testinginvolves a wider range of testers.They should be representative of real users.
-
8/7/2019 Ppt Theme2
12/57
www.company.com
Delivery
You should plan how to deliver the product very
early in the development process. Nowadays,
CD-ROM and Internet are the two most popularmeans of delivering multimedia applications.
-
8/7/2019 Ppt Theme2
13/57
www.company.com
Instruction Design
-
8/7/2019 Ppt Theme2
14/57
www.company.com
A Case Study.
Stage 1 - TRACK FRAMEWORK:
Stage 2 NAVIGATION MAP:
Stage 3 PROJECT PLAN:
Stage 4 GRAPHICS:
Stage 5 ASSET GATHERING:.
Stage 6 PROGRAMMING OF GOLDEN
MASTER CD:
Stage 7 REPLICATION AND DISTRIBUTION:
-
8/7/2019 Ppt Theme2
15/57
www.company.com
Multimedia Presentation
A multimedia presentation made up of many
ingredients from existing print products or from a
multitude of software. Each presentation has itsown set of requirements.
-
8/7/2019 Ppt Theme2
16/57
www.company.com
Information Design
A guide to organizing the information and
presentation medium
The beginning of any interactive product.
Clarify communication goals.
Arrange content into a design that serves these
goals.
Create a flowchart.
-
8/7/2019 Ppt Theme2
17/57
www.company.com
Elements
Audience
Plan
Organize
Flowcharts
-
8/7/2019 Ppt Theme2
18/57
www.company.com
Interaction Design
A guide to organizing the navigation and look of
the presentation
Give users control to go where and do what theywant.
Create an interesting journey through the
information.
Make the experience as easy and intuitive aspossible.
Create a storyboard.
-
8/7/2019 Ppt Theme2
19/57
www.company.com
Elements
Theme
Navigation
Tools
Usability
Storyboarding
-
8/7/2019 Ppt Theme2
20/57
www.company.com
Presentation Design
A guide on how to put your presentation together
Define style and composition of elements.
Develop big picture strategy for putting pieces
together.
Keep it simple and consistent.
Create a prototype.
Visual Style
Graphics
Text
Media
-
8/7/2019 Ppt Theme2
21/57
www.company.com
Elements
Layout
Interface Design
-
8/7/2019 Ppt Theme2
22/57
www.company.com
Motion
Video and animation give us a sense of motion
can hold the interest of viewers
Visual Representation
The visual effect of motion is due to a biological
phenomenon known as persistence of vision Phi Phenomenon
-
8/7/2019 Ppt Theme2
23/57
www.company.com
Temporal aspect of Illumination
The rate of repetition of the images must be high
enough to guarantee smooth motion from frame
to frame the rate must be high enough so thatthe persistence of vision extends over the
interval between flashes
Fusion frequency.
The frequency at which the flicking light sourcemust be repeated before it appears continuous
This depends on the brightness of the light
source
-
8/7/2019 Ppt Theme2
24/57
www.company.com
Interleaving improves the view by dividing a frame into two
fields, each contains the alternative scan lines,
and displaying the field in twice of the framesrate
The smallest detail that can be reproduced in the
image is a pixel.
Aspect ratio is the ratio of the picture width toheight. It is 4:3 for conventional TV
-
8/7/2019 Ppt Theme2
25/57
www.company.com
Video
Video capture cards
-
8/7/2019 Ppt Theme2
26/57
www.company.com
Video Capture Board
Can accept composite video or S-VHS in NTSC or PAL;
high-end capture cards can accept digital video (DV)
Video input mixer and ADC to select/combine videosources, to convert analog video signal to digital samples
Video frame buffer temporary storage for video frame
Video processor to filter or enhance the video frame,
e.g., reduce noise, adjust brightness, contrast and colour
Compressor/encoder to compress and encode thedigital video into a required format
Interface to the system PCI bus
-
8/7/2019 Ppt Theme2
27/57
www.company.com
Video formats
AVI (Audio Video Interleaved) format was defined by
Microsoft for its Video for Windows systems It supports
video playback at up to 30 frames per second on a small
window (typical size 300 x 200 with 8 or 16 bit colour). It is
a software-only system .It supports a number of
compression algorithms
QuickTime was originally developed by Apple for storing
audio and video in Macintosh systems It supports video
playback at up to 30 frames per second on a small window(typical size 300 x 200 with 8 or 16 bit colour). It is a
software-only system
-
8/7/2019 Ppt Theme2
28/57
www.company.com
Video Format [ contd..]
It supports a number of compression (Motion
Picture Expect Group) is a working group under
ISO.There are several versions of mpegstandard. The most commonly used now is
mpeg-1. It requires hardware support for
encoding and decoding (on slow systems) The
maximum data rate is 1.5Megabit/sec .The next
generation mpeg-2 is now getting popular Mpeg-2 improves mpeg-1 by increasing the maximum
data rate to 15Mbit/sec. It can interleave audio
and video
-
8/7/2019 Ppt Theme2
29/57
www.company.com
Animation In conventional Animation we have to draw each frame of the animation
great control
tedious
Reduce burden with cel animation layer
keyframe
inbetween
cel panoramas (Disneys Pinocchio)
To animate something is, literally, to bring it to life An animation covers allchanges that have a visual effect Visual effect can be of two major kinds:
motion dynamic time varying positions
update dynamic time varying shape, colour, texture, or even lighting,
camera position, etc.
-
8/7/2019 Ppt Theme2
30/57
www.company.com
Input process
Keyframing describe motion of objects as a
function of time from a set of key object
positions. In short, compute the inbetweenframes.
Key frames have to be created and input into
the computer. Key frames are the frames in
which the objects being animated are at extreme
or characteristic positions
-
8/7/2019 Ppt Theme2
31/57
www.company.com
Inbetween Process
The animation of movement from one position to
another needs a composition of frames with
intermediate positions in between the keyframes. The process ofinbetweening is
performed in computer animation through
Interpolation. The system is given the starting
and ending positions.
It calculates the positions in between
-
8/7/2019 Ppt Theme2
32/57
www.company.com
TEXT
Humans have used graphics and text to
communicate experiences, knowledge, and
feelings. Vital elements of multimedia menus, navigation
systems, and content.
For presenting information and expressing
moods.
-
8/7/2019 Ppt Theme2
33/57
www.company.com
Typography
Text is a visual representation of language.
The study of how to display text is known as
typography. It concerns the precise shape of characters, their
spacing, the layout of the lines and paragraphs,
and so on.
-
8/7/2019 Ppt Theme2
34/57
www.company.com
Abstract Characters
Fundamentally, a piece of text consists of letters,
digits, punctuations and other symbols. These
can be considered as abstract characters. Grouped into alphabets.
-
8/7/2019 Ppt Theme2
35/57
www.company.com
Character Set
Is a mapping between (abstract) characters
and the values that are stored in a computer
system to represent text digitally. The domain of this mapping, i.e., the abstract
characters are called character repertoire.
The values to be stored are called the code
values orcode points. ASCII (American standard code for information interchanger).
UniCode ver 3.0
-
8/7/2019 Ppt Theme2
36/57
www.company.com
Encoding
An encodingis a mapping to transform a code
value into a sequence of bytes for storage and
transmission. To display text, we need to have a visual
representation of the characters stored as codes
in the computer. In fact, each character may be
represented by many different glyphs.
A typeface is a family of graphic characters with
a coherent design and usually includes many
sizes and styles.
-
8/7/2019 Ppt Theme2
37/57
www.company.com
Font
A font is a collection of characters of a single
size and style belonging to a particular typeface
family. Typical font styles are boldface and italic.
-
8/7/2019 Ppt Theme2
38/57
www.company.com
Font Size
The fonts size is the distance from the top of the capital
letters to the bottom of the descenders in letters such as g
and y.
-
8/7/2019 Ppt Theme2
39/57
www.company.com
Font [ contd..]
-
8/7/2019 Ppt Theme2
40/57
www.company.com
Specifying a Font Family fonts in the same family have a
coherent design, a similar look and feel
Shape refers to the different appearance
within a family Weight measures the darkness of the
characters, or the thickness of the strokes.
Width the amount of expansion or contraction
Size unit ispoint. 1 inch = 72.27 point inprinting industry. 1 inch = 72 point in PostScript
systems
-
8/7/2019 Ppt Theme2
41/57
www.company.com
Font Formats
Bitmap fonts come in specific sizes and
resolutions.. The result will be very poor if they
are scaled to different sizes. Outline fonts contain the outline of the
characters. They can be scaled to a large range
of different sizes and still have reasonable look.
They need a rasterizing process to display on
screen.
There are two kinds of outline fonts: PostScript
and TrueType.
-
8/7/2019 Ppt Theme2
42/57
www.company.com
Text in multimedia
Be Concise
-
8/7/2019 Ppt Theme2
43/57
www.company.com
Use Appropriate fonts
-
8/7/2019 Ppt Theme2
44/57
www.company.com
Make it Readable
Consider Type Styles and Colors
Use Restraint and be Consistent bundle the font with your title
to avoid font compatibility problems is to create graphic
images, or bitmaps, of text
-
8/7/2019 Ppt Theme2
45/57
www.company.com
-
8/7/2019 Ppt Theme2
46/57
www.company.com
COLOUR AND COLOUR
PALETTES.
-
8/7/2019 Ppt Theme2
47/57
www.company.com
Colour
Colour is a vital component of multimedia.
Colour management is both a subjective and a
technical exercise, because: Colour is a physical property of light, but
Colour perception is a human physiological
activity.
Colour is the frequency/wave-length of a lightwave within the narrow band of the
electromagnetic spectrum (380 760nm) to
which the human eye responds.
-
8/7/2019 Ppt Theme2
48/57
www.company.com
Colour Models
An orderly system for creating a whole range of
colors from a small set of primary colors.
Subtractive and Additive. Additive color models use light to display color
while subtractive models use printing inks.
Colors perceived in additive models are the
result oftransmitted light. Colors perceived insubtractive models are the result ofreflected
light.
-
8/7/2019 Ppt Theme2
49/57
www.company.com
The RGB Color Model
It is an additive system in which varying
amount of the three primary colours, red, green
and blue, are added to black to produce newcolours.
R Red
G Green
B Blue
-
8/7/2019 Ppt Theme2
50/57
www.company.com
The CYM Color Model
Based on the light absorbing quality of inks
printed on paper. Combining three primary
colour pigments, Cyan, Magenta and Yellow,should absorb all light, thus resulting in black. It
is a subtractive model.
Because all inks contain some
impurities, three inks actually produce a muddy brown, a black
colour is added in printing process,
-
8/7/2019 Ppt Theme2
51/57
www.company.com
The HSB Color Model
Fundamental characteristics of colours are:
Hue is the wavelength of the light.. It is
measured as a location on the standard colourwheel as a degree between 0 to 3600
Saturation is the strength or purity of the
colour. It represents the amount of gray in
proportion to the hue and is measured as apercentage from 0%(gray) to 100%(fully
saturated).
-
8/7/2019 Ppt Theme2
52/57
www.company.com
Brightness is the relative lightness or
darkness of the colour. It is measured as a
percentage from 0%(black) to 100%(White).
-
8/7/2019 Ppt Theme2
53/57
www.company.com
The YUV Colour Model
TheY-signal encodes the brightness
information. Black-and-white television system
will use this channel only. The U and V channels encode the chromatic
information. The resolution of the U and V
channels is often less than the Y channel for the
reason of reducing the size.
-
8/7/2019 Ppt Theme2
54/57
www.company.com
GAMUT
The gamut of a colour system is the range
of colours that can be displayed or printed
-
8/7/2019 Ppt Theme2
55/57
www.company.com
Colour Palette
A colour palette is an index table to available
colours in an indexed colour system.
When working in 8-bit mode, a system candisplay only 256 Colours out of a total of 16
million colours.
The system keeps a default palette of available
colours
-
8/7/2019 Ppt Theme2
56/57
www.company.com
Palette Flashing
Each program may have its own palette. It may
replace the system palette with its own for the
period it is active. This may cause an annoyingflash of strange colors in your screen, known as
palette flashing. This is a serious problem in
multimedia applications.
-
8/7/2019 Ppt Theme2
57/57
Thankyou