A Presentation On Outlines Of

Solid Waste Management

by

Murthy,Nidhi,Akshi,Rosh

1989 - Hazardous Waste Management and Handling

• The main objective is is to control the generation, collection, treatment, import, storage, and handling of hazardous waste.

•  It also defines the terms used in this context, and sets up an authority to inspect, once a year, the industrial activity connected with hazardous chemicals and isolated storage facilities.

waste- Definition & ClassificationAny material which is not needed by the owner,

producer or processor. Classification• Solid waste- vegetable waste, kitchen waste,

household waste etc.

• E-waste- discarded electronic devices like computer, TV, music systems etc.

• Liquid waste- water used for different industries ex: tanneries, distilleries, thermal power plants, Waste from oil factory

Plastic waste- Plastic waste- plastic bags, bottles, buckets etc. plastic bags, bottles, buckets etc.

Metal waste- Metal waste- unused metal sheet, metal scraps etc.unused metal sheet, metal scraps etc.

Nuclear waste- Nuclear waste- unused materials from nuclear power plantsunused materials from nuclear power plants

Kinds of WastesSolid wastes: domestic, commercial and industrial wastes

especially common as co-disposal of wastes

Examples: plastics, Styrofoam containers, bottles, cans, papers, scrap iron, and other trash

Liquid Wastes: wastes in liquid form

Examples: domestic washings, chemicals, oils, waste water from ponds, manufacturing industries and other sources

Classification of Wastes according to their Properties

Bio-degradable can be degraded (paper, wood, fruits

and others)

Non-biodegradablecannot be degraded (plastics, bottles,

old machines,

cans, Styrofoam containers and others)

Classification of Wastes according totheir Effects on Human Health and the

EnvironmentHazardous wastes• Substances unsafe to use commercially, industrially,

agriculturally, or economically that are shipped, transported to or brought from the country of origin for dumping or disposal in, or in transit through, any part of the territory of the Philippines

Non-hazardous Wastes • Substances safe to use commercially, industrially,

agriculturally, or economically that are shipped, transported to or brought from the country of origin for dumping or disposal in, or in transit through, any part of the territory of the Philippines

Sources of WastesSources of Wastes

Households

Commerce and Industry

Agriculture

Fisheries

Sources of Wastes

PLASTIC WASTES ACT,1999PLASTIC WASTES ACT,1999

•The minimum thickness of carry bags made of virgin plastics or recycled plastics shall not be less than 20 microns.•Carry bags and containers made of recycled plastic and used for purposes other than storing and packaging food stuffs shall be manufactured using pigments and colourants as per IS 9833:1981 entitled .

•List of pigments and colourants for use in plastics in contact with food, stuffs, pharmaceuticals and drinking water•�Recycling of plastics shall be undertaken strictly in accordance with the Bureau of Indian Standards specification: IS 14534:1998 entitled

RulesRules

MUNCIPAL SOLID WASTE,2000

Objective: Applicable to every municipal authority responsible for collection, segregation, storage, transportation, processing and disposal of municipal solid.

•Relates to implementation Schedule•Specifications relating to collection, segregation, storage, transportation, processing and disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW).•Indicate waste processing options including; standards for composting, treated leachates and incinerations.

The Rule contains three Schedules namely

The Municipal Solid Wastes,2000

Disposal MethodsDisposal MethodsBad Ideas:Bad Ideas:

1. Ocean Dumping1. Ocean Dumping

Disposal MethodsDisposal Methods

Bad Ideas:Bad Ideas: 2. Open Dumps – exposed refuse

Disposal MethodsDisposal MethodsBad Ideas:Bad Ideas:

3. Exporting Waste - Garbage Imperialism (e.g., 3. Exporting Waste - Garbage Imperialism (e.g., Khian Sea from Philadelphia with toxic ash)

Sailed 16 Sailed 16 years, then years, then returned to PAreturned to PA

Disposal MethodsDisposal Methods

Two Alternatives:Two Alternatives:

1. Sanitary landfills1. Sanitary landfills

Disposal MethodsDisposal Methods2. Incineration - Space reduction and energy recovery 2. Incineration - Space reduction and energy recovery

Mass burn - avoids sorting, but can cause air pollution Mass burn - avoids sorting, but can cause air pollution because hazardous wastes are not removed.because hazardous wastes are not removed.Refuse-derived fuel - Removal of unburnable or Refuse-derived fuel - Removal of unburnable or recyclable materials before combustion.recyclable materials before combustion.

Managing WasteRecycling: Processing of a waste item into usable

forms.Benefits of recycling:-Reduce environmental degradation-Making money out of waste-Save energy that would have gone into waste

handling & product manufactureSaving through recycling:-Making paper from waste saves 50% energy-Every ton of recycled glass saves energy equivalent

to 100 liters of oil

Recycling is not a solution to all problems!

Recycling is not a solution to managing every kind of waste material

For many items recycling technologies are unavailable or unsafe

In some cases, cost of recycling is too high.

Waste and Waste and RecyclingRecycling

Disposal of Disposal of Municipal Solid Municipal Solid

WastesWastes

BIO-MEDICAL WASTES,1998BMW Rules have been adopted and notified with the

objective to stop the indiscriminate disposal of hospital waste/ bio-medical waste and ensure that such waste is handled without any adverse effect on the human health and environment.

• Health care waste includes Health care waste includes Waste generated by the health care facilities Waste generated by the health care facilities Research facilitiesResearch facilities LaboratoriesLaboratories

• Biomedical waste in hospitalsBiomedical waste in hospitals 85% are non-infectious85% are non-infectious 10% are infectious10% are infectious 5% are hazardous5% are hazardous

ISSUESISSUES

• Bio-medical waste should not be mixed with other Bio-medical waste should not be mixed with other wastes.wastes.

• Bio-medical waste shall be segregated into Bio-medical waste shall be segregated into containers/ bags at the point of generation in containers/ bags at the point of generation in accordance with Schedule II (BMW Rules 1998) accordance with Schedule II (BMW Rules 1998) prior to its storage, transportation, treatment and prior to its storage, transportation, treatment and disposal.disposal.

BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT ISSUE

Use/Reuse of Use/Reuse of equipmentequipment

Unsafe Unsafe collectioncollection

Unsafe Unsafe disposaldisposal

Objectives

Establishing robust waste management policies Establishing robust waste management policies within the organizationwithin the organization

Organization wide awareness about the health Organization wide awareness about the health hazardshazards

Sufficient financial and human resourcesSufficient financial and human resources Monitoring and control of waste disposal Monitoring and control of waste disposal Clear responsibility for appropriate handling and Clear responsibility for appropriate handling and

disposal of waste.disposal of waste.

NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT, 1982

RULES:• created a timetable and procedure for establishing a

permanent, underground repository for high-level radioactive waste by the mid-1990s, and provided for some temporary federal storage of waste, including spent fuel from civilian nuclear reactors.

• State governments were authorized to veto a national government decision to place a waste repository within their borders, and the veto would stand unless both houses of Congress voted to override it.

THANKYOU