PowerPoint Presentation to accompany Holes Human Anatomy and Physiology, 9/e by Shier, Butler, and...
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Transcript of PowerPoint Presentation to accompany Holes Human Anatomy and Physiology, 9/e by Shier, Butler, and...
![Page 1: PowerPoint Presentation to accompany Holes Human Anatomy and Physiology, 9/e by Shier, Butler, and Lewis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062404/551a22c2550346a4248b5030/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
PowerPoint Presentation to accompany
Hole’s Human Anatomy and Physiology, 9/e
by
Shier, Butler, and Lewis
![Page 2: PowerPoint Presentation to accompany Holes Human Anatomy and Physiology, 9/e by Shier, Butler, and Lewis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062404/551a22c2550346a4248b5030/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
UNIT FIVE
![Page 3: PowerPoint Presentation to accompany Holes Human Anatomy and Physiology, 9/e by Shier, Butler, and Lewis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062404/551a22c2550346a4248b5030/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Chapter 17
Digestive System
![Page 4: PowerPoint Presentation to accompany Holes Human Anatomy and Physiology, 9/e by Shier, Butler, and Lewis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062404/551a22c2550346a4248b5030/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Alimentary Canal• Mucosa
– surface epithelium with underlying connective tissue and small amount of smooth muscle
– contains glands, including mucus glands
– carries on secretion and absorption
![Page 5: PowerPoint Presentation to accompany Holes Human Anatomy and Physiology, 9/e by Shier, Butler, and Lewis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062404/551a22c2550346a4248b5030/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Alimentary Canal
• Submucosa– loose connective
tissue with glands, blood and lymphatic vessels, and nerves
Figure 17.1
![Page 6: PowerPoint Presentation to accompany Holes Human Anatomy and Physiology, 9/e by Shier, Butler, and Lewis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062404/551a22c2550346a4248b5030/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Alimentary Canal• Muscular layer
– two layers of smooth muscle
• circular fibers compose inner coat
• longitudinal fibers compose outer coat
• Serosa or serous layer– visceral peritoneum– epithelium on the outside
and connective tissue beneath, secretes serous fluid
![Page 7: PowerPoint Presentation to accompany Holes Human Anatomy and Physiology, 9/e by Shier, Butler, and Lewis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062404/551a22c2550346a4248b5030/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Figure 17.3
![Page 8: PowerPoint Presentation to accompany Holes Human Anatomy and Physiology, 9/e by Shier, Butler, and Lewis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062404/551a22c2550346a4248b5030/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Movement of the Tube• Mixing movements
– smooth muscles contract rhythmically
– mix food with digestive juices
• Propelling movements– wavelike movements
called peristalsis– receptive relaxation occurs
ahead of peristalsis
Figure 17.4
![Page 9: PowerPoint Presentation to accompany Holes Human Anatomy and Physiology, 9/e by Shier, Butler, and Lewis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062404/551a22c2550346a4248b5030/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Innervation of the Tube
• Parasympathetic impulses increase digestive system activities
• Sympathetic impulses decrease digestive system activities
• Submucosal plexus– controls secretion by the GI tract
• Myenteric plexus– muscular layer, controls motility
![Page 10: PowerPoint Presentation to accompany Holes Human Anatomy and Physiology, 9/e by Shier, Butler, and Lewis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062404/551a22c2550346a4248b5030/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Mouth• Cheeks
– muscles of expression and chewing
• Lips– contain skeletal muscles
and sensory receptors
• Tongue– tongue muscles mix food– taste buds provide
sensation– lingual tonsils are
lymphatic tissue at the root of the tongue
Figure 17.5
![Page 11: PowerPoint Presentation to accompany Holes Human Anatomy and Physiology, 9/e by Shier, Butler, and Lewis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062404/551a22c2550346a4248b5030/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Figure 17.6
![Page 12: PowerPoint Presentation to accompany Holes Human Anatomy and Physiology, 9/e by Shier, Butler, and Lewis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062404/551a22c2550346a4248b5030/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Palate• Roof of the oral
cavity– hard palate is anterior– soft palate is posterior
and ends in the uvula
Figure 17.7
![Page 13: PowerPoint Presentation to accompany Holes Human Anatomy and Physiology, 9/e by Shier, Butler, and Lewis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062404/551a22c2550346a4248b5030/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Palate
• Palatine tonsils– located in the back of
the throat
• Pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)– located above the soft
palate
Figure 17.7
![Page 14: PowerPoint Presentation to accompany Holes Human Anatomy and Physiology, 9/e by Shier, Butler, and Lewis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062404/551a22c2550346a4248b5030/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Teeth• Primary or deciduous teeth– 20 teeth, erupt between
6 months and 4 years
• Secondary or permanent teeth– 32 teeth, erupt between
6 and 25 years of age– incisors, cuspids,
bicuspids, molars
• Teeth break food into small pieces
Figure 17.9
![Page 15: PowerPoint Presentation to accompany Holes Human Anatomy and Physiology, 9/e by Shier, Butler, and Lewis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062404/551a22c2550346a4248b5030/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Teeth
• Crown – projects out from
the gum– covered with
enamel
Figure 17.10
![Page 16: PowerPoint Presentation to accompany Holes Human Anatomy and Physiology, 9/e by Shier, Butler, and Lewis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062404/551a22c2550346a4248b5030/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Teeth• Root
– anchored to the jaw by the periodontal ligament
– covered with cementum
• Dentin– living tissue similar
to bone, but harder– surrounds the pulp
cavity which contains nerves and blood vessels
![Page 17: PowerPoint Presentation to accompany Holes Human Anatomy and Physiology, 9/e by Shier, Butler, and Lewis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062404/551a22c2550346a4248b5030/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Saliva• Saliva moistens food
• Saliva contains bicarbonate ions that buffer acids in the mouth
• Two types of secretory cells– serous cells
• secrete a watery fluid contains amylase, an enzyme that splits starch and glycogen into disaccharides
– mucous cells• secrete a thick fluid, mucus, that binds and
lubricates
![Page 18: PowerPoint Presentation to accompany Holes Human Anatomy and Physiology, 9/e by Shier, Butler, and Lewis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062404/551a22c2550346a4248b5030/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Salivary Glands• parotid glands
– largest, secrete watery fluid rich in amylase
• submandibular glands– secrete a viscous fluid
• sublingual glands– smallest, secrete thick mucus fluid
• Innervation – sympathetic impulses stimulate a small amount
of viscous secretion– parasympathetic impulses stimulate a large
volume of watery saliva
![Page 19: PowerPoint Presentation to accompany Holes Human Anatomy and Physiology, 9/e by Shier, Butler, and Lewis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062404/551a22c2550346a4248b5030/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Figure 17.11
![Page 20: PowerPoint Presentation to accompany Holes Human Anatomy and Physiology, 9/e by Shier, Butler, and Lewis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062404/551a22c2550346a4248b5030/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Pharynx
• Nasopharynx– communicates with the nasal cavity, air passage
• Oropharynx– posterior to the mouth, passage for food and air
• Laryngopharynx– inferior to the oropharynx, leads to esophagus