PowerPoint ® Lecture Slides prepared by Barbara Heard, Atlantic Cape Community College C H A P T E...
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Transcript of PowerPoint ® Lecture Slides prepared by Barbara Heard, Atlantic Cape Community College C H A P T E...
PowerPoint® Lecture Slidesprepared byBarbara Heard,Atlantic Cape Community College
C H A P T E R
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.© Annie Leibovitz/Contact Press Images
10
The Muscular System: Part B
The Muscular System: Part B
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Deep Muscles of the Thorax: Breathing
• Muscles of respiration• External intercostals—more superficial
muscles; elevate ribs for inspiration• Internal intercostals—deeper muscles;
aid forced expiration• Diaphragm
– Partition between thoracic and abdominal cavities
– Most important muscle in inspiration– Innervated by phrenic nerves
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 10.11a Muscles of respiration.
Externalintercostal
Internalintercostal
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
PLAYPLAY A&P Flix™: Internal intercostals
PLAYPLAY A&P Flix™: External intercostals
Muscles of the Thorax
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 10.11b Muscles of respiration.
Xiphoid process of sternum
Foramen foresophagus
Costal cartilage
Diaphragm
Lumbarvertebra
Quadratus lumborum
Psoas major
Foramen for inferiorvena cava
Centraltendon ofdiaphragmForamenfor aorta
12th rib
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 10.11c Muscles of respiration.
Body of thoracic vertebra
Aorta
Diaphragm (muscular part)
Inferior vena cava
Esophagus
Pericardial sac
Central tendon of diaphragm
Pericardium (cut)
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Muscles of the Abdominal Wall
• Four paired muscles, their fasciae and aponeuroses form lateral and anterior abdominal wall– Rectus abdominis – External obliques– Internal obliques– Transversus abdominis
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 10.12a Muscles of the abdominal wall.
Linea alba
Pectoralis major
Tendinous intersection
Rectus abdominis
Inguinal ligament(formed by free inferiorborder of the external oblique aponeurosis)
Aponeurosis of the external oblique
Transversus abdominis
Internal oblique
External oblique
Serratus anterior
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Muscles of the Abdominal Wall
• Fascicles run at angles to one another, provide added strength
• All innervated by intercostal nerves
• Actions of these muscles– Lateral flexion and rotation of trunk– Help promote urination, defecation, childbirth,
vomiting, coughing, and screaming
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 10.12b Muscles of the abdominal wall.
External oblique
Iliac crest
Rectus abdominis
Internal oblique
Pubic tubercle
Lumbar fascia
Transversusabdominis
Inguinal ligament
Lumbar fascia
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 10.12c Muscles of the abdominal wall.
Linea alba
Peritoneum
Skin
Rectus abdominisInternal oblique
Transversus abdominis
External obliqueAponeuroses
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
PLAYPLAY A&P Flix™: Internal obliques
PLAYPLAY A&P Flix™: External obliques
PLAYPLAY A&P Flix™: Rectus abdominis
PLAYPLAY A&P Flix™: Transversus abdominis
Muscles of the Abdominal Wall
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Muscles of the Pelvic Floor
• Pelvic floor (pelvic diaphragm) composed of two paired muscles– Levator ani– Coccygeus
• Both innervated by sacral nerves
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Muscles of the Pelvic Floor
• Functions of pelvic diaphragm– Seals inferior outlet of pelvis– Supports pelvic organs– Lifts pelvic floor to help release feces – Resists increased intra-abdominal pressure
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Muscles of the Perineum
• Urogenital diaphragm– Anterior half of perineum, inferior to pelvic
floor– Deep transverse perineal muscle– Contains external urethral sphincter
(voluntary control of urination)
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 10.13a Muscles of the pelvic floor and perineum.
Posterior
Coccyx
Obturatorinternus
Anterior
Levator aniPubococcygeusIliococcygeus
Symphysis pubis
Urogenital diaphragmUrethraVaginaAnalcanal
Pelvicdiaphragm
Levator aniCoccygeus
Piriformis
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 10.13b Muscles of the pelvic floor and perineum.
Male Female
UrethralopeningVaginalopening
Inferior pubic ramusExternalUrethralsphincterDeeptransverseperineal muscle
Central tendon
Anus
Externalanal sphincter
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Muscles of the Pelvic Floor and Perineum
• Muscles of superficial perineal space– Ischiocavernosus– Bulbospongiosus– Superficial transverse perineal muscles
• External anal sphincter in posterior half of perineum
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 10.13c Muscles of the pelvic floor and perineum.
AnusGluteus maximus
Male Female
Clitoris
Urethralopening
Midline raphe
Ischiocavernosus
Bulbospongiosus
Penis
Levator ani
Superficialtransverse perineal muscle
Vaginalopening
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
PLAYPLAY A&P Flix™: Muscles that act on the shoulder joint and humerus: An overview (b)
PLAYPLAY A&P Flix™: Muscles that act on the shoulder joint and humerus: An overview (a)
Superficial Muscles of the Thorax
• Most - extrinsic shoulder muscles– Act in combination to fix shoulder girdle (mostly
scapula); move it to increase range of arm movements
– Actions - elevation, depression, rotation, lateral and medial movements, protraction, and retraction
• Two groups of muscles: anterior and posterior
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
PLAYPLAY A&P Flix™: Muscles of the pectoral girdle (b)
PLAYPLAY A&P Flix™: Muscles of the pectoral girdle (a)
Superficial Muscles of the Thorax
• Muscles of anterior thorax– Pectoralis minor– Serratus anterior– Subclavius
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
PLAYPLAY A&P Flix™: Muscles that act on the shoulder joint and humerus: An overview (b)
Figure 10.14a Superficial muscles of the thorax and shoulder acting on the scapula and arm.
Subclavius
Clavicle
Subscapularis
Pectoralis minor
Coracobrachialis
Serratus anterior
Humerus
Sternocleidomastoid
Deltoid
Pectoralis major
Sternum
Biceps brachii
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
PLAYPLAY A&P Flix™: Serratus anterior
PLAYPLAY A&P Flix™: Pectoralis minor
Superficial Muscles of the Thorax
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
PLAYPLAY A&P Flix™: Movement of the pectoral girdle
PLAYPLAY A&P Flix™: Muscles of the pectoral girdle (c)
Superficial Muscles of the Posterior Thorax
• Posterior extrinsic shoulder muscles– Trapezius– Levator scapulae– Rhomboids (major and minor)
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 10.14c Superficial muscles of the thorax and shoulder acting on the scapula and arm.
Levatorscapulae
Supraspinatus
Clavicle
Spine ofscapulaInfraspinatus
Teres minor
Teresmajor
Humerus
Trapezius
Deltoid
Rhomboidminor
Rhomboidmajor
Latissimusdorsi
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
PLAYPLAY A&P Flix™: Levator scapula
PLAYPLAY A&P Flix™: Trapezius
PLAYPLAY A&P Flix™: Rhomboid major
PLAYPLAY A&P Flix™: Rhomboid minor
Superficial Muscles of the Posterior Thorax