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![Page 1: Potable Reuse: A New Water Resource for the Central Coast Water Breakout Session – 2015 Central Coast Sustainability Summit James Hawkins, Heal the Ocean.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/5697bfd41a28abf838cad035/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Potable Reuse:A New Water Resourcefor the Central Coast
Water Breakout Session – 2015 Central Coast Sustainability
Summit
James Hawkins, Heal the Ocean
![Page 2: Potable Reuse: A New Water Resource for the Central Coast Water Breakout Session – 2015 Central Coast Sustainability Summit James Hawkins, Heal the Ocean.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/5697bfd41a28abf838cad035/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Potable reuse encompasses all water reuse systems in which wastewater undergoes advanced treatment to produce a source of highly treated, purified water for ultimate use as a source of drinking water.
Potable Reuse
![Page 3: Potable Reuse: A New Water Resource for the Central Coast Water Breakout Session – 2015 Central Coast Sustainability Summit James Hawkins, Heal the Ocean.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/5697bfd41a28abf838cad035/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Three Numbers on the Drought
Zero Percent
Five
Four Years
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Three Numbers on the Drought
Zero PercentState Water Project
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State Water Project
![Page 6: Potable Reuse: A New Water Resource for the Central Coast Water Breakout Session – 2015 Central Coast Sustainability Summit James Hawkins, Heal the Ocean.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/5697bfd41a28abf838cad035/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
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State Water Project Allocations
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 20140
25
50
75
100
Perc
en
t A
lloca
tion
ZER
O
PER
CEN
T
![Page 8: Potable Reuse: A New Water Resource for the Central Coast Water Breakout Session – 2015 Central Coast Sustainability Summit James Hawkins, Heal the Ocean.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/5697bfd41a28abf838cad035/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
State Water Project
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 20140
25
50
75
100
Perc
en
t A
lloca
tion
![Page 9: Potable Reuse: A New Water Resource for the Central Coast Water Breakout Session – 2015 Central Coast Sustainability Summit James Hawkins, Heal the Ocean.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/5697bfd41a28abf838cad035/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Three Numbers on the Drought
Zero PercentOriginal 2014 State Water Project Allocation
FiveState Water Rights System
![Page 10: Potable Reuse: A New Water Resource for the Central Coast Water Breakout Session – 2015 Central Coast Sustainability Summit James Hawkins, Heal the Ocean.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/5697bfd41a28abf838cad035/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
• Legal basis for who gets water in California and how much.
• Senior water rights hold priority.• All water rights must be put to a
“reasonable and beneficial use.”• Arcane -- “understood by few;
mysterious or secret.”
State Water Rights System
![Page 11: Potable Reuse: A New Water Resource for the Central Coast Water Breakout Session – 2015 Central Coast Sustainability Summit James Hawkins, Heal the Ocean.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/5697bfd41a28abf838cad035/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
“The results show that water right allocations total 400 billion cubic meters, approximately five times the state’s mean annual runoff.”
![Page 12: Potable Reuse: A New Water Resource for the Central Coast Water Breakout Session – 2015 Central Coast Sustainability Summit James Hawkins, Heal the Ocean.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/5697bfd41a28abf838cad035/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Three Numbers on the Drought
Zero PercentOriginal 2014 State Water Project Allocation
FiveState Water Rights System is Five Times Over-
Subscribed
![Page 13: Potable Reuse: A New Water Resource for the Central Coast Water Breakout Session – 2015 Central Coast Sustainability Summit James Hawkins, Heal the Ocean.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/5697bfd41a28abf838cad035/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Three Numbers on the Drought
Zero PercentOriginal 2014 State Water Project Allocation
FiveState Water Rights System is Five Times Over-
Subscribed
Four YearsCachuma
![Page 14: Potable Reuse: A New Water Resource for the Central Coast Water Breakout Session – 2015 Central Coast Sustainability Summit James Hawkins, Heal the Ocean.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/5697bfd41a28abf838cad035/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
What About Cachuma?
The number of years that Cachuma water deliveries are meant to last during drought periods.
Seven Years
![Page 15: Potable Reuse: A New Water Resource for the Central Coast Water Breakout Session – 2015 Central Coast Sustainability Summit James Hawkins, Heal the Ocean.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/5697bfd41a28abf838cad035/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
What About Cachuma?
The number of years that water deliveries are projected to last in the current drought period.
Four Years
![Page 16: Potable Reuse: A New Water Resource for the Central Coast Water Breakout Session – 2015 Central Coast Sustainability Summit James Hawkins, Heal the Ocean.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/5697bfd41a28abf838cad035/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Three Numbers on the Drought
Zero PercentOriginal 2014 State Water Project Allocation
FiveState Water Rights System is Five Times Over-
Subscribed
Four YearsNumber of Years Cachuma has Lasted in Current
Drought
![Page 17: Potable Reuse: A New Water Resource for the Central Coast Water Breakout Session – 2015 Central Coast Sustainability Summit James Hawkins, Heal the Ocean.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/5697bfd41a28abf838cad035/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Intensifying Impacts of Climate Change
“Global warming caused by human emissions has most likely intensified the drought in California by 15 to 20 percent, scientists said on Thursday, warning that future dry spells in the state are almost certain to be worse than this one as the world continues to heat up.”
![Page 18: Potable Reuse: A New Water Resource for the Central Coast Water Breakout Session – 2015 Central Coast Sustainability Summit James Hawkins, Heal the Ocean.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/5697bfd41a28abf838cad035/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Demand Management
• Mandatory Conservation
• Low Flow Appliances
• Landscaping Rebates
• Water Recycling
• Groundwater
• Surface Reservoirs
• Desalination
Supply Management
Where do we go from here?
![Page 19: Potable Reuse: A New Water Resource for the Central Coast Water Breakout Session – 2015 Central Coast Sustainability Summit James Hawkins, Heal the Ocean.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/5697bfd41a28abf838cad035/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Where do we go from here?
• Mandatory Conservation
• Low Flow Appliances
• Landscaping Rebates
• Water Recycling
• Groundwater
• Surface Reservoirs
• Desalination
Demand Management
Supply Management
![Page 20: Potable Reuse: A New Water Resource for the Central Coast Water Breakout Session – 2015 Central Coast Sustainability Summit James Hawkins, Heal the Ocean.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/5697bfd41a28abf838cad035/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Where do we go from here?
• Mandatory Conservation
• Low Flow Appliances
• Landscaping Rebates
• Water Recycling
• Groundwater
• Surface Reservoirs
• Desalination
Demand Management
Supply Management
![Page 21: Potable Reuse: A New Water Resource for the Central Coast Water Breakout Session – 2015 Central Coast Sustainability Summit James Hawkins, Heal the Ocean.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/5697bfd41a28abf838cad035/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Demand Management
• Mandatory Conservation
• Low Flow Appliances
• Landscaping Rebates
• Water Recycling
• Groundwater
• Surface Reservoirs
• Desalination
Supply Management
Where do we go from here?
![Page 22: Potable Reuse: A New Water Resource for the Central Coast Water Breakout Session – 2015 Central Coast Sustainability Summit James Hawkins, Heal the Ocean.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/5697bfd41a28abf838cad035/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Between August 2014 and July 2015 Santa Barbara County South Coast water users
have saved:
Conservation
3.2 Billion Gallons
33% Reduction in Water Use
![Page 23: Potable Reuse: A New Water Resource for the Central Coast Water Breakout Session – 2015 Central Coast Sustainability Summit James Hawkins, Heal the Ocean.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/5697bfd41a28abf838cad035/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Where do we go from here?
• Mandatory Conservation
• Low Flow Appliances
• Landscaping Rebates
• Water Recycling
• Groundwater
• Surface Reservoirs
• Desalination
Demand Management
Supply Management
![Page 24: Potable Reuse: A New Water Resource for the Central Coast Water Breakout Session – 2015 Central Coast Sustainability Summit James Hawkins, Heal the Ocean.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/5697bfd41a28abf838cad035/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Potable reuse encompasses all water reuse systems in which wastewater undergoes advanced treatment to produce a source of highly treated, purified water for ultimate use as a source of drinking water.
Potable Reuse
![Page 25: Potable Reuse: A New Water Resource for the Central Coast Water Breakout Session – 2015 Central Coast Sustainability Summit James Hawkins, Heal the Ocean.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/5697bfd41a28abf838cad035/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Potable Reuse
Indirect Potable
Reuse (IPR)
Direct Potable
Reuse (DPR)
![Page 26: Potable Reuse: A New Water Resource for the Central Coast Water Breakout Session – 2015 Central Coast Sustainability Summit James Hawkins, Heal the Ocean.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/5697bfd41a28abf838cad035/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Indirect Potable Reuse
Advanced Treatment
Municipal Drinking
Water Plant
Purified Water
Environmental Buffer
(Groundwater)
![Page 27: Potable Reuse: A New Water Resource for the Central Coast Water Breakout Session – 2015 Central Coast Sustainability Summit James Hawkins, Heal the Ocean.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/5697bfd41a28abf838cad035/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Advanced Treatment
Municipal Drinking
Water Plant
Purified Water
Engineered Storage Buffer
(Reservoir)
Direct Potable Reuse
![Page 28: Potable Reuse: A New Water Resource for the Central Coast Water Breakout Session – 2015 Central Coast Sustainability Summit James Hawkins, Heal the Ocean.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/5697bfd41a28abf838cad035/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Indirect Potable Reuse
Advanced Treatment
Municipal Drinking
Water Plant
Purified Water
Environmental Buffer
(Groundwater)
![Page 29: Potable Reuse: A New Water Resource for the Central Coast Water Breakout Session – 2015 Central Coast Sustainability Summit James Hawkins, Heal the Ocean.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/5697bfd41a28abf838cad035/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
1) Potable Reuse is Safe
2) Potable Reuse is Affordable
3) Potable Reuse is Environmentally Sustainable
Potable Reuse
![Page 30: Potable Reuse: A New Water Resource for the Central Coast Water Breakout Session – 2015 Central Coast Sustainability Summit James Hawkins, Heal the Ocean.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/5697bfd41a28abf838cad035/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
1) Potable Reuse is Safe
2) Potable Reuse is Affordable
3) Potable Reuse is Environmentally Sustainable
Potable Reuse
![Page 31: Potable Reuse: A New Water Resource for the Central Coast Water Breakout Session – 2015 Central Coast Sustainability Summit James Hawkins, Heal the Ocean.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/5697bfd41a28abf838cad035/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Producing Purified Water via Advanced Treatment
![Page 32: Potable Reuse: A New Water Resource for the Central Coast Water Breakout Session – 2015 Central Coast Sustainability Summit James Hawkins, Heal the Ocean.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/5697bfd41a28abf838cad035/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Producing Purified Water via Advanced Treatment
• .2 micrometers thick• 300 times more narrow
than human hair• Removes bacteria and
larger particles
![Page 33: Potable Reuse: A New Water Resource for the Central Coast Water Breakout Session – 2015 Central Coast Sustainability Summit James Hawkins, Heal the Ocean.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/5697bfd41a28abf838cad035/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Producing Purified Water via Advanced Treatment
• Less than .0001 micrometers thick.
• 2,000 times smaller membrane than microfiltration.
• Removes viruses and chemicals.
![Page 34: Potable Reuse: A New Water Resource for the Central Coast Water Breakout Session – 2015 Central Coast Sustainability Summit James Hawkins, Heal the Ocean.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/5697bfd41a28abf838cad035/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Producing Purified Water via Advanced Treatment
• Disinfection against any remaining pathogens.
• Advanced oxidation removes more resistant CECs.
![Page 35: Potable Reuse: A New Water Resource for the Central Coast Water Breakout Session – 2015 Central Coast Sustainability Summit James Hawkins, Heal the Ocean.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/5697bfd41a28abf838cad035/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Producing Purified Water via Advanced Treatment
• Used to recharge groundwater in IPR projects.
• 2 month retention time before use in drinking water system.
• High quality, purified water.
![Page 36: Potable Reuse: A New Water Resource for the Central Coast Water Breakout Session – 2015 Central Coast Sustainability Summit James Hawkins, Heal the Ocean.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/5697bfd41a28abf838cad035/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Producing Purified Water via Advanced Treatment
![Page 37: Potable Reuse: A New Water Resource for the Central Coast Water Breakout Session – 2015 Central Coast Sustainability Summit James Hawkins, Heal the Ocean.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/5697bfd41a28abf838cad035/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
1) Potable Reuse is Safe
2) Potable Reuse is Affordable
3) Potable Reuse is Environmentally Sustainable
Potable Reuse
![Page 38: Potable Reuse: A New Water Resource for the Central Coast Water Breakout Session – 2015 Central Coast Sustainability Summit James Hawkins, Heal the Ocean.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/5697bfd41a28abf838cad035/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
• National Research Council found that potable reuse is as safe or safer than traditional water supplies;
• Successfully demonstrated in U.S. and other countries;
• More advanced than conventional drinking water treatment;
• Consistently meet federal and state drinking water standards.
Health & Safety of Potable Reuse
![Page 39: Potable Reuse: A New Water Resource for the Central Coast Water Breakout Session – 2015 Central Coast Sustainability Summit James Hawkins, Heal the Ocean.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/5697bfd41a28abf838cad035/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
1) Potable Reuse is Safe
2) Potable Reuse is Affordable
3) Potable Reuse is Environmentally Sustainable
Potable Reuse
![Page 40: Potable Reuse: A New Water Resource for the Central Coast Water Breakout Session – 2015 Central Coast Sustainability Summit James Hawkins, Heal the Ocean.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/5697bfd41a28abf838cad035/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Ocean DesalinationNon-Potable Reuse
Potable ReuseImported
GroundwaterConservation/Efficiency
$0/AF $500/AF $1,000/AF $1,500/AF $2,000/AF $2,500/AF $3,000/AF
WateReuse - Low Equinox - Low
Cost (Dollars per acre-foot [AF])
Potable Reuse as an Affordable Supply
![Page 41: Potable Reuse: A New Water Resource for the Central Coast Water Breakout Session – 2015 Central Coast Sustainability Summit James Hawkins, Heal the Ocean.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/5697bfd41a28abf838cad035/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Ocean DesalinationNon-Potable Reuse
Potable ReuseImported
GroundwaterConservation/Efficiency
$0/AF $500/AF $1,000/AF $1,500/AF $2,000/AF $2,500/AF $3,000/AF
WateReuse - Low Equinox - Low
Cost (Dollars per acre-foot [AF])
Potable Reuse as an Affordable Supply
Orange County Water District Groundwater Replenishment
System
$850/AF
![Page 42: Potable Reuse: A New Water Resource for the Central Coast Water Breakout Session – 2015 Central Coast Sustainability Summit James Hawkins, Heal the Ocean.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/5697bfd41a28abf838cad035/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Ocean DesalinationNon-Potable Reuse
Potable ReuseImported
GroundwaterConservation/Efficiency
$0/AF $500/AF $1,000/AF $1,500/AF $2,000/AF $2,500/AF $3,000/AF
WateReuse - Low Equinox - Low
Cost (Dollars per acre-foot [AF])
Potable Reuse as an Affordable Supply
Orange County Water District Groundwater Replenishment
System
$478/AF
![Page 43: Potable Reuse: A New Water Resource for the Central Coast Water Breakout Session – 2015 Central Coast Sustainability Summit James Hawkins, Heal the Ocean.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/5697bfd41a28abf838cad035/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Construction Grants
35% up to $15 millionLow Interest Loans
1% financingFacilities Planning Grants
75% up to $75k
Potable Reuse as an Affordable Supply
![Page 44: Potable Reuse: A New Water Resource for the Central Coast Water Breakout Session – 2015 Central Coast Sustainability Summit James Hawkins, Heal the Ocean.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/5697bfd41a28abf838cad035/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
1) Potable Reuse is Safe
2) Potable Reuse is Affordable
3) Potable Reuse is Environmentally Sustainable
Potable Reuse
![Page 45: Potable Reuse: A New Water Resource for the Central Coast Water Breakout Session – 2015 Central Coast Sustainability Summit James Hawkins, Heal the Ocean.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/5697bfd41a28abf838cad035/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Ocean Desalination
Imported Water (SWP)
Imported Water (CRA)
Brackish Water Desalination
Potable Reuse
Non-Potable Reuse
Local Groundwater
Local Surface Water
Water Conservation and Efficiency
0 kWh/AF 1,000 kWh/AF 2,000 kWh/AF 3,000 kWh/AF 4,000 kWh/AF 5,000 kWh/AF
Energy Intensity (Kilowatt-hours/acre-foot)
Potable Reuse is Environmentally Sustainable
![Page 46: Potable Reuse: A New Water Resource for the Central Coast Water Breakout Session – 2015 Central Coast Sustainability Summit James Hawkins, Heal the Ocean.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/5697bfd41a28abf838cad035/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
• Imported water requires significant energy to transport
• Desalination up to 4 times more energy intensive than potable reuse– Far more salt content in ocean water than
wastewater• Potable reuse achieves broader definition of
sustainability by reusing a wasted resource
Potable Reuse is Environmentally Sustainable
![Page 47: Potable Reuse: A New Water Resource for the Central Coast Water Breakout Session – 2015 Central Coast Sustainability Summit James Hawkins, Heal the Ocean.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/5697bfd41a28abf838cad035/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
1) Potable Reuse is Safe
2) Potable Reuse is Affordable
3) Potable Reuse is Environmentally Sustainable
Potable Reuse
![Page 48: Potable Reuse: A New Water Resource for the Central Coast Water Breakout Session – 2015 Central Coast Sustainability Summit James Hawkins, Heal the Ocean.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/5697bfd41a28abf838cad035/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
![Page 49: Potable Reuse: A New Water Resource for the Central Coast Water Breakout Session – 2015 Central Coast Sustainability Summit James Hawkins, Heal the Ocean.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/5697bfd41a28abf838cad035/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Orange County Water DistrictGroundwater Replenishment System
GWRS Reverse Osmosis Building at Night © Larny Mack, Courtesy of CDM
![Page 50: Potable Reuse: A New Water Resource for the Central Coast Water Breakout Session – 2015 Central Coast Sustainability Summit James Hawkins, Heal the Ocean.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/5697bfd41a28abf838cad035/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
City of San DiegoPure Water Program
![Page 51: Potable Reuse: A New Water Resource for the Central Coast Water Breakout Session – 2015 Central Coast Sustainability Summit James Hawkins, Heal the Ocean.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/5697bfd41a28abf838cad035/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
• CA State Water Board commissioned an Expert Panel to investigate the feasibility of DPR.
• Findings due by end of 2016.
The Future: Direct Potable Reuse
![Page 52: Potable Reuse: A New Water Resource for the Central Coast Water Breakout Session – 2015 Central Coast Sustainability Summit James Hawkins, Heal the Ocean.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062500/5697bfd41a28abf838cad035/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
How Much Purified Water Can We Produce?
12 Million Gallons Per Day
4.5 Billion Gallons Per Year
WastewaterWaste(d)water
One-third of Total Water Demand across the South Coast
One-half of Water Demand in the City of Santa Barbara
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Questions?