1 Central Coast Ambient Monitoring Program Central Coast Water Board The Land to Sea Connection:...
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1 Central Coast Ambient Monitoring Program Central Coast Water Board The Land to Sea Connection: Water quality impacts on watershed and ocean health
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Transcript of 1 Central Coast Ambient Monitoring Program Central Coast Water Board The Land to Sea Connection:...
1
Central Coast Ambient Monitoring Program
Central Coast Water Board
The Land to Sea Connection: Water quality impacts on watershed and ocean health
2
3
Monterey Bay
Santa Barbara Channel
CCAMP Coastal Confluence Monitoring
Measuring watershed outputs to the ocean
Santa Maria river mouth
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Coastal Confluence trend monitoring
Santa Maria River – Nitrate (mL as N)
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
0
10
20
3040
50
60
5
Marine Protected Areas and CCAMP Coastal Confluences
Marine Protected Areas
CCAMP Coastal Confluence Sites
Data Benefits for MPAs?
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Typical pollutants found in surface runoff to the ocean
NutrientsPathogensSedimentMetalsPesticides and PCBsPetroleum hydrocarbonsOther substances, such as phthalates, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs)
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Nutrients
Nitrogen forms, phosphate, silicateLarge loads of some nutrients are discharged from agricultural river mouthsAnnual nitrate loadings can exceed a 650,000 kg; urea can exceed 20,000 kg (CCLEAN)
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Nitrate averages (mg/l as N), north to south
CCAMP Coastal Confluences Data
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Nitrate
% Exceedance of Drinking Water Standard
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Nitrate on SLO Coast
% exceedance of drinking water standard
11
12
Eutrophication
Algal blooms alter habitat, create nuisanceBlue-green algal blooms implicated in recent sea otter deathsFish kills result from depressed oxygen concentrationsNitrate can be present at levels that also cause toxicity to aquatic life
13
Pseudo-nitschia has complex nutrient dynamics involving silica, iron, nitrate, urea and other nutrientsCurrent research indicates anthropogenic nitrate and urea inputs exacerbate blooms and toxicity (R. Kudela and others)
Domoic Acid Poisoning
14
It is still unclear to what extent sources from the land play an impact in marine nutrient
dynamicsLong-term Ecological Research ProgramMonterey Bay Aquarium Research InstituteU.C. Santa CruzElkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research ReserveSan Luis Obispo Science and Ecosystem Alliance (SLOSEA) Central Coast Long-term Environmental Assessment Program (CCLEAN)
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Pesticides and other Chemicals
DPR 1999Pounds Applied Per Acre
0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
100.00
120.00
140.00
160.00
Gaz
os C
reek
Wad
dell
Cre
ek
Sco
tt C
reek
San
Lor
enzo
Riv
er
Soq
uel C
reek
Apt
os C
reek
Paj
aro
Riv
er
Tem
blad
ero
Slo
ugh
Old
Sal
inas
Riv
er
Sal
inas
Riv
er
Car
mel
Riv
er
Big
Sur
Riv
er
Big
Cre
ek
Will
ow C
reek
Arr
oyo
de la
Cru
z C
reek
San
Sim
eon
Cre
ek
San
ta R
osa
Cre
ek
Cho
rro
Cre
ek
San
Lui
s O
bisp
o C
reek
Pis
mo
Cre
ek
Arr
oyo
Gra
nde
Cre
ek
San
ta M
aria
Riv
er
San
Ant
onio
Cre
ek
San
ta Y
nez
Riv
er
Can
ada
de la
Gav
iota
Ata
scad
ero
Cre
ek
Arr
oyo
Bur
ro C
reek
Mis
sion
Cre
ek
Fra
nklin
Cre
ek
Car
pint
eria
Cre
ek
Rin
con
Cre
ek
Ave
rag
e N
O3
(mg
/l)
0
5
10
15
20
25
Ap
pli
ed
pe
stic
ide
s (l
bs/
acr
e)avg NO3
lbs/acre
Pounds/acre applied to Coastal Confluence Watersheds, North to South
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Toxicity in the lower Santa Maria watershed % of Samples that are toxic
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SC
02
SC
07
SC
10
SC
15
SC
18
SC
23
ML
06 M
L 14
ML
22 M
L 26
ML
04 M
L 30
MT
08
MT
12
MT
16
MT
20
MT
24
MT
28
MB
01
MB
02
MB
03
MB
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MB
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MB
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MB
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08
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MB
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MB
25
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MB
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MB
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MB
30
SL
01 S
L 05
SL
09 S
L 17
SL
21 S
L 25
SB
03
SB
11
SB
13
SB
19
SB
27
SB
29
Tot
al C
hlor
dane
(ng
/g)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
ERM (6 ng/g)ERL (2 ng/g)
Legacy chemicals in sedimentFrom CCAMP Harbor Report, www.CCAMP.org
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TOTAL DDTs
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Sco
tt C
r. B
each
Ave
rage
San
ta C
ruz
Mai
n B
each
Ave
rage
Elk
hor
n S
l. M
outh
Ave
rage
Sal
inas
R.
Mou
th A
vera
ge
Car
mel
Bea
ch A
vera
ge
Por
t of
SL
O H
arb
orA
vera
ge
Avi
la B
each
Ave
rage
Sh
ell
Bea
ch A
vera
ge
Pis
mo
Bea
ch A
vera
ge
Gu
adal
up
e B
each
Ave
rage
San
ta M
aria
R.
Bea
chA
vera
ge
San
An
ton
io C
r. B
each
Ave
rage
San
ds
Bea
ch A
vera
ge
Jala
ma
Ave
rage
Gav
iota
Bea
ch A
vera
ge
Su
rf B
each
Ave
rage
Arr
oyo
Bu
rro
Bea
chA
vera
ge
San
ta B
arb
ara
Mai
nB
each
Ave
rage
DDT (ug/kg) in sand crabs
(Northern Santa Cruz County to Santa Barbara County, UCSB 2002)
19
Perfluorinated chemicals have been associated with sea otter disease (Kannon, et al, 2006)
PCBs and PBDEs have been associated with sea otter disease (CDFG, U.C. Davis and CCLEAN, 2007)
SLOSEA has found 4-nonylphenol in fish tissue in marine waters
Bioaccumulation of Bioaccumulation of ChemicalsChemicals
20
Pathogens
• Discharged from surface runoff and sewage sources
• Serve as sources of infection for humans and marine mammals
21
Beach Closures
Dry season sampling mandated on beaches with greater than 50,000 visitations per year
San Luis Obispo County Environmental Health Department monitors for fecal coliform and Enterococcus at 19 sites on a weekly basis year-round
www.healthebay.org
22
Fecal Coliform
% Exceedance of Water Body Contact Standard
23
Sea Otters and Pathogens
Sea otters are excellent sentinels of marine water quality healthRecent mortality rates have been very highRecent research has shown the proportion of sea otters dying from infectious disease has increased in recent years to over 45% Several of the diseases of concern have implications for human health
CDFG Marine Wildlife Veterinary Care and Research Center and U.C. Davis School of Veterinary Medicine
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Protozoal diseases
ToxoplasmaToxoplasma, , SarcocystisSarcocystis, , CryptosporidiumCryptosporidium, and , and GiardiaGiardia
Several associated with areas Several associated with areas of high freshwater inflowof high freshwater inflow
• Oocysts resistant to chlorination
• Oocysts concentrated in shellfish
• Domestic and Domestic and introduced species introduced species are sourcesare sources
25
Bacterial Diseases
Several species associated with physical symptoms and death Some strains identical to humanRisk factors for uptake by mussels include precipitation and sewage sourcesRisk factors for otters include fresh water flow and increasing population density
SalmonellaSalmonella, , VibrioVibrio, , CampylobacterCampylobacter, , and others isolated and others isolated in sea ottersin sea otters
26
What can be done about all of these problems?
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MonitoringMonitoring
Implementation of Implementation of Management PracticesManagement Practices
EducationEducation
Central Coast Irrigated Agriculture Program
Farm PlanFarm PlanFarm PlanFarm Plan
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Planning to use Nutrient Budget to determine
application rates
29
Chlorpyrifos applications by
Cropping Operation
30
Other new efforts
New AB 885 septic requirements
Timelines for upgrades to WWTPs with waivers of full secondary treatment
Grant funds for storm water infrastructure and maintenance of sewage infrastructure
Large grants for implementing Integrated Regional Watershed Management
New non-point source policy makes all discharges subject to regulation
31
Low Impact Development
Matt Thompson will discuss in detail…
Function more like this…
Makes this…
32
Recent Increases to CCAMP Endowment
Increased site coverageAddition of metals to monthly suiteMore comprehensive coverage of toxicity and bioassessmentRiparian health assessment“Follow-up” monitoring budget, to solve problems and learn about emerging problems
33
Other Upcoming CCAMP Work…
Linking water quality trends to land use management Long term sediment toxicity and chemistry trend monitoring Developing pollutant loading estimates to the ocean
34
`
Pt. Conception
Santa Maria
Goleta
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Pt. Conception
Santa Maria
Goleta
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Pt. Conception
Santa Maria
Goleta
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Pt. Conception
Santa Maria
Goleta
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Pt. Conception
Santa Maria
Goleta
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Pt. Conception
Santa Maria
Goleta
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Pt. Conception
Santa Maria
Goleta
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Pt. Conception
Santa Maria
Goleta
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Pt. Conception
Santa Maria
Goleta
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Pt. Conception
Santa Maria
Goleta
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Pt. Conception
Santa Maria
Goleta
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Pt. Conception
Santa Maria
Goleta
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Pt. Conception
Santa Maria
Goleta
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Pt. Conception
Santa Maria
Goleta
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Pt. Conception
Santa Maria
Goleta
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Pt. Conception
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Goleta
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Pt. Conception
Santa Maria
Goleta
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Pt. Conception
Santa Maria
Goleta
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Pt. Conception
Santa Maria
Goleta
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Pt. Conception
Santa Maria
Goleta
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Pt. Conception
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Goleta
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Pt. Conception
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Goleta
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Pt. Conception
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Goleta
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Pt. Conception
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Goleta
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Pt. Conception
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Goleta
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Pt. Conception
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Goleta
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Pt. Conception
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Goleta
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Pt. Conception
Santa Maria
Goleta
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Estimating loads from coastal confluences to ocean
Model has supported loading calculations for CCLEAN and several U.C. Davis marine mammal research projects
Collaboration with Dr. Jon Largier at U.C. Davis will improve the model (by including current and wind data)
Link impacts from watersheds to the ocean environment, and link our activities to those of folks working more directly in the ocean environment.
