Postharvest Loss Reduction & Mycotoxins programs in USAID’s Feed the Future InitiativeUSAID
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Transcript of Postharvest Loss Reduction & Mycotoxins programs in USAID’s Feed the Future InitiativeUSAID
Postharvest Loss Reduction & Mycotoxins programs in USAID’s
Feed the Future Initiative
Ahmed Kablan, Ph.D.International Nutrition & Public Health
Adviser
USAID /Bureau For Food Security/Office of Agriculture Research and Policy
USDA/ARS/Office of International Research Program 1
1. “Feed the Future” program
2. FTF ag research agenda
3. USAID postharvest loss & Aflatoxin portfolio
4. Future: Broad Food Safety concerns –looking at mycotoxins and others
Presentation Outline
The Global Challenge
By 2050, the world’s population is projected to increase by a third, to more than 9 billion.
Most of that increase will occur in the developing world, where hunger is already concentrated
Food production will have to increase 70% by 2050 (FAO) if we wish to leave our children a less hungry, more stable world.
The Global Challenge: Achieving Sustainable Food Security
925 million people – more than a seventh of the world’s population – suffer from chronic hunger. Each year, more than 3.5 million children die from undernutrition.
1. Help farmers produce more
2. Help farmers get more food to market
3. Support Research & Development to improve smallholder agriculture in a changing climate
4. Strengthen Regional Trade
5. Create a better Policy Environment
6. Improve Access to Nutritious food and Nutrition Services
What does Feed the Future Do?
Guatemala Honduras
Haiti
Ethiopia Kenya Malawi
Mozambique Rwanda Tanzania Uganda Zambia
(So. Sudan)
Bangladesh Cambodia
Nepal Tajikistan
(Myanmar)
Ghana Liberia
Mali Senegal(Guinea)
Feed the Future Countries
FTF Research “Pillars”1. Advancing the Productivity Frontier
2. Transforming agricultural systems through “Sustainable Intensification”
3. Improving nutrition and food safety
Source: Danforth Plant Sciences Center Source: SM Chapotin
FTF Focus Countries
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Sustainable Intensification System #1: Indo-gangetic Plains of South Asia
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Sustainable Intensification System #2: Sudano-sahelien systems in West Africa
FTF Focus Countries
19.7 million rural people in cereal root crop mixed and agro-pastoral millet/sorghum systems10.6 million people living on less than $1.25/day24-38% stunting in children less than 5 years old
Sustainable Intensification System #3: Maize-mixed systems, E & S Africa
FTF Focus Countries
22.6 million rural people in maize-mixed systems20.9 million people living on less than $1.25/day38-47% stunting in children less than 5 years old
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Sustainable Intensification System #4: Ethiopian Highlands
FTF Focus Countries
24 million rural people in highland temperate mixed15.9 million people living on less than $1.25/day52% stunting in children less than 5 years old
Basic
Translation
Utility
Applied
NSF, USDA, DOEUSAID
Arrow of Research and ARP Research Investments
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Washington State University Climate Resilient Wheat
Colorado State University Adapting Livestock
Systems to Climate Change
Oregon State University Aquaculture and
Fisheries
University of California at Riverside Climate Resilient
Cowpea
University of California at Davis Assets & Markets
Access Climate Resilient Millet Climate Resilient
Chickpea Horticulture Genomics to Improve
Poultry
University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign Soybean Value Chain
Research
Michigan State University Food Security Policy Grain Legumes
Tufts University Nutrition
Pennsylvania State University Climate Resilient
Beans
University of Texas, El Paso Rift Valley Fever Control
in Agriculture
Kansas State University Reduction of Post-Harvest
Loss Applied Wheat Genomics Sorghum & Millet Sustainable Intensification
Texas A&M University Small Scale Irrigation
University of Georgia Peanut &
Mycotoxin Climate Resilient
Sorghum
Virginia Tech University Sustainable
Agriculture & Natural Resource Management
Integrated Pest Management
★ Lead Institution • Collaborating
Institution
•Puerto RicoHawaii
••
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Purdue University Food Processing &
Post-Harvest Handling
http://feedthefuture.gov/article/feed-future-innovation-labs (red indicates significant post harvest content)
Feed the Future Innovation Labs
CGIAR Network (+ AVRDC, iCIPE, etc…)
FSIC Program Areas
Program for Climate Resilient Cereals (e.g. Cereals RFA, DTMA, Arcadia PPP, Ceres PPP, CGIAR Rice/Wheat/Maize, Sorghum/Millet RFA) Program for Advanced Research on Animal and Plant Diseases (e.g. USDA Partnerships under NBCRI, Virus Resistant Cassava) Program for Productive Legume Research (e.g. Dry Grain Pulse IL, Peanut /Mycotoxin IL, CGIAR Legumes, NBCRI
Program for Safe & Nutritious Foods (e.g. PH Labs, Horticulture IL, Nutrition IL, Livestock IL, Aquafish IL, AVRDC, Aflatoxin under NBCRI )Program for Policy Research & Support (e.g. AMA IL, Program for Biosafety Systems, Enabling Agricultural Trade)
Program for Human & Institutional Capacity Development (e.g. MEAS, InnovATE, MAETS, AWARD, LEAP)
Program for Sustainable Intensification (e.g. IPM IL, SI IL, CSISA, Africa Rising, Irrigation IL)
Program for Research on Nutritious and Safe Foods
Current Research Projects Activity Manager Lead Institution
FTFIL for Horticulture John Bowman University of California, Davis
FTFIL for Reduction of Post-Harvest Loss Ahmed Kablan Kansas State University
FTFIL for Food Processing and Post-harvest Handling Angela Records Purdue University
FTFIL for Livestock Systems (NEW) Elaine Grings University of Florida
FTFIL for Nutrition Maura Mack Tufts University
FTFIL for Aquaculture & Fisheries Shivaun Leonard Oregon State University
World Vegetable Center (AVRDC): Core John Bowman AVRDCWorld Vegetable Center (AVRDC): Vegetable Post Harvest Handling Project John Bowman AVRDC
Golden Rice Joe Huesing IRRI
Harvest Plus Vern Long CIATCollaborative Research in Aquaculture and Horticulture for Improved Nutrition Maura Mack Tufts University
CGIAR Research Program – Livestock and Fish Shivaun Leonard International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI)
CGIAR Research Program – Nutrition Maura Mack International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
USDA/NBCRI – Aflatoxins Lisa Wilson USDA/ARS
The Program for Nutritious and Safe Foods Links research on the production and processing of safe, nutritious agricultural products to a learning agenda on household nutrition, including the utilization and access to fruits, vegetables, meat, fish, dairy and legumes with the goal of improving child survival, securing family investments in agriculture, and preventing and treating under‐nutrition.
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PH Training and Service Center, Tanzania• 2012-2014 (UC-Davis and AVRDC)
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One-stop shop for equipment, advice,
services, and ideas to improve postharvest
handling of fresh produce
AVRDC PH Project – SS Africa and Asia
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Adapted local vegetable packing - Tanzania
– Understanding vegetable value chains, quantifying current losses and identifying opportunities for intervention
Tomatoes awaiting transportationto Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania
Stakeholder workshop, GhanaInterviewing market traders, Kumasi, Ghana
Northern Region, Ghana
AIV Production by HIV farmersAIV processing for export
HORT IL, AVRDC, AMPATH, KHCP
Solar Grain Dryers KSU PHL-IL
Hermetic Storage
Purdue FPIL - Incubation Center Model MALI
• Northern Mali (Mopti/Gao)– 10 Small- & medium-scale food
processors trained – 6 businesses mechanized
• Bamako– Incubation Center established– Training local bakeries to produce
flour for breadmakingNIGER
• 10 Fully functional processors • 2 Recent start-ups• 2 Equipment fabricators• Job opportunities
KENYA/SENEGAL• New and improved extruded
products (sorghum/millet)• Training processors in Dakar• Equipment fabrication hub
Key Washington Research ProjectsARP:• Peanut/Mycotoxin Innovation Lab• Nutrition Innovation Lab• NBCRI with USDA/ARS• Venganza Research Grant• KSU Post Harvest Innovation Lab• Purdue Food Processing Innovation LabMPI: • AflaSTOP Post Harvest Storage Structures• AgResults Nigeria pilot project Africa Bureau: • Regional East Africa for Aflasafe
USAID Funded Mycotoxin research programs
Key Field Mission Projects EA Regional:
1) Aflatoxin Policy and Program for East African Region (APPEAR) 2) Aflasafe Utilization in 11 countries (Kenya, Ghana, Nigeria 1st) with IITA and BMGF; 3) Support for EAC Aflatoxin Policy and Action Plan
Kenya/Ghana/So. Africa (SPS Capacity Building) Zambia (Maize/Groundnuts: Biocontrol) Mozambique (Maize/Groundnuts: Biocontrol) Rwanda (Maize/Cassava: Biocontrol) Malawi (Maize/Groundnuts – Biocontrol) Tanzania (Maize – Prevalence/Markets) Afghanistan-Mycotoxin Assessment study
1. New investments in both research and development assistance
2. Research: grain PH technologies; veg PH technologies; IPM research to decrease pesticide residues and kill storage pests; afla breeding; afla biocontrol; food processing
3. Development: Rwanda PHH Project; warehouse receipts; regional harmonization of afla standards; improved packaging for export
4. Establishing Communities of Practice with FAO, BMGF, State Dept., USDA
5. Sponsorship of international conferences in PH area
PH ADVANCES UNDER USAID/FTF(2010-2015 approx. $150M)
• How Does Food Safety Fit here?
• Why is it important to consider?
An estimated 600 million – almost 1 in 10 people in the world – fall ill after eating contaminated food and 420,000 die every year, resulting in the loss of 33 million healthy life years (DALYs).
Children under 5 years of age carry 40% of the foodborne disease burden, with 125 000 deaths (or 30%) every year
In Africa, more than 91 million people are estimated to fall ill and 137 000 die each year.
Some 60 million children under the age of 5 fall ill and 50 000 die from foodborne diseases in the South-East Asia Region every year.
Havelaar et al., 2015
Pathogenic sources causes the majority of all FBD
Causes of FBD
Microbes Helminths Aflatoxins Other toxins0
5,000,000
10,000,000
15,000,000
20,000,000
25,000,000
Burden LMIC
zoonoses
non zoonoses
Havelaar et al., 2015
Is this the real picture or we have evidence/Data gap?
Nutritional Status
Environmental(EE, gut
microbiome, environmental
toxins)
Diet (Quality &
Diversity)
((F&V, ASF,
legumes,
production,
SBCC))
Food Safety
(Mycotoxins &
other pathogens,
pesticides, processing, storage)
Key factors affecting Nutritional Status
Improve Diet Diversity
Better Nutrition
Our Goal!
Diet Diversity
Food
Saf
ety
conc
erns
LowHigh
High
Correlation between Diet diversity and Food Safety
Why Food Safety is a concern for FTF?
My Theory!!
Food Safety: a multi-faceted issue
PHL-IL
Nutrition
• CHEMICAL: pesticides sprayed on fruit or vegetables, freezer refrigerants, drugs, food additives, chemicals from cleaning products and metal or non-food-grade cookware and storage; soil arsenic, etc…
• BIOLOGICAL: bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites.
TYPES OF CONTAMINATION
• PHYSICAL: hair, glass, paper, plastic, scabs, rodent droppings, flies, bones from meat/ fish
OF Special Concern International Development Programs & Agriculture Sector
Dare to Care –Food Bank
• USAID acknowledges that food safety continues to be a challenge in terms of foodborne diseases, particularly impacting areas/regions where the Agency is supporting development activities as well as programming food aid, and particularly impacting children
• USAID has integrated food safety and quality as part of its global nutrition strategy, including acknowledging it's critical relevance during the first 1000 days
• USAID embraces a preventive model in food safety, as a more cost-effective and sustainable approach
• USAID applies the fundamentals, when it comes to supporting and encouraging food safety and quality practices
• USAID acknowledges mycotoxins as a particular relevant challenge in food safety, as well as its link with malnutrition
USAID has Established anAgency-wide Food Safety Working Group (BFS/Global Health/DCHA-FFP)
Please See our Feed the Future Website
Thank You!www.feedthefuture.gov