Post-2012 SummitPost-2012 SummitNuclear Security ProcessNuclear Security Process

Man-Sung YimMan-Sung YimDepartment of Nuclear and Quantum EngineeringDepartment of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering

KAISTKAIST

Trends in the FutureTrends in the Future

Continuing “the rise of the rest”Continuing “the rise of the rest”

Continuing “the rise of nationalism”Continuing “the rise of nationalism”

Continuing Jasmine Revolution?Continuing Jasmine Revolution?

Continuing interest in nuclear power?Continuing interest in nuclear power?

Continuing evolution and spread of Continuing evolution and spread of technologytechnology

Continuing deeper and closer connection Continuing deeper and closer connection of the world. of the world.

Nuclear Security RiskNuclear Security Risk

ThreatThreat– MaterialMaterial– ConstructionConstruction– TransportationTransportation– DetonationDetonation

VulnerabilityVulnerability

ConsequenceConsequence

Nuclear Security ProcessNuclear Security Process

Assess RiskAssess Risk

Identify CountermeasuresIdentify Countermeasures

Weigh Cost/Benefit Weigh Cost/Benefit

ImplementImplement

Evaluate ImpactEvaluate Impact

(Adaptation)(Adaptation)

Future of Nuclear SecurityFuture of Nuclear Security

The system/threat changes over time.The system/threat changes over time.Nuclear security can only be achieved through Nuclear security can only be achieved through global alliance.global alliance.Existing commitments should be follow-up.Existing commitments should be follow-up.Effective coordination among the responsible Effective coordination among the responsible agencies between countries need to be agencies between countries need to be established.established.Countries of strategic importance need be Countries of strategic importance need be included in the process (e.g., N Korea, Iran, included in the process (e.g., N Korea, Iran, Syria, Myanmar, Afghanistan, etc.)Syria, Myanmar, Afghanistan, etc.)Non-governmental institutions of importance Non-governmental institutions of importance (e.g., financial institutions, industry, etc.) should (e.g., financial institutions, industry, etc.) should be involved.be involved.

Future of Nuclear SecurityFuture of Nuclear Security

Alternate materials, related technologies Alternate materials, related technologies and expertise should be protected.and expertise should be protected.

Life cycle of special nuclear materials Life cycle of special nuclear materials should be better guarded. should be better guarded.

Other Policy ConsiderationsOther Policy ConsiderationsRedefine the role of IAEA, its funding needs and revenue Redefine the role of IAEA, its funding needs and revenue mechanism.mechanism.Provide incentives to implement existing commitments.Provide incentives to implement existing commitments.Reduce impact from global economic crisis.Reduce impact from global economic crisis.Reduce impact from possible spread of Jasmine Reduce impact from possible spread of Jasmine Revolution.Revolution.Encourage multiple/multilaterial Second-Line of Defense Encourage multiple/multilaterial Second-Line of Defense agreements.agreements.Encourage broader participation in Proliferation Security Encourage broader participation in Proliferation Security Initiative.Initiative.Encourage global implementation of the state-of-the-art Encourage global implementation of the state-of-the-art technologies (e.g., remote-sensing technologies)technologies (e.g., remote-sensing technologies)Empower the public.Empower the public.Develop global nuclear safety/security standards (e.g., Develop global nuclear safety/security standards (e.g., culture standards, global vulnerability standards).culture standards, global vulnerability standards).

Regional Accountability GroupsRegional Accountability Groups

Shared governance of nuclear security Shared governance of nuclear security State vs. State(s) accountabilityState vs. State(s) accountabilityInspection/Information sharingInspection/Information sharingShared financial burdenShared financial burdenImplementation of regional institutional measures Implementation of regional institutional measures (e.g., regional safety/security standards, HEUFZ, (e.g., regional safety/security standards, HEUFZ, neighbor compensation, etc.)neighbor compensation, etc.)Annual regional meetingsAnnual regional meetingsNational/regional/global reports National/regional/global reports Public information exchange (e.g., through the Public information exchange (e.g., through the web).web).

Final ThoughtsFinal Thoughts

Only few groups may be interested in Only few groups may be interested in nuclear terrorism.nuclear terrorism.Consequence of failure could be Consequence of failure could be catastrophic.catastrophic.World leaders must work together to World leaders must work together to diffuse/resolve the underlying conflicts.diffuse/resolve the underlying conflicts.Cross cultural human resource Cross cultural human resource development should be emphasized for development should be emphasized for threat reduction.threat reduction.