Positive Psychology

the power of

POSITIVEPSYCHOLOGYDavid D. Nowell, Ph.D.

orientation

x

Is there a negative psychology?

• Anger: 5,584• Anxiety: 41,416• Depression:

54,040

• Joy: 415• Happiness:

1,710• Life

satisfaction: 2,582

Happiness

Appendix A

Happiness

“PERMA”Positive emotions

Engagement / flowRelationships

MeaningAccomplishment

Key findings

History of PositivePsychology

x

Assumptions of PositivePsychology

04/07/2023 © 2011 David D. Nowell, Ph.D. All rights reserved.

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AANTECEDEN

T

BBEHAVIOR

CCONSEQUENC

ES


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BBEHAVIOR

AANTECEDENT

CCONSEQUENC

ES


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AANTECEDEN

T

cCONSEQUENCES

BBEHAVIOR


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AANTECEDEN

T

BBEHAVIOR

CCONSEQUENC

ES

THE INTERNETS ARE GREAT!

Are you already a positive psychology clinician?

Appendix F

…a challenge

…a memory test

COMMON CLINICAL CONCERNSTHROUGH THE LENS OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY

trauma

Re-connecting with coping strengths

Positive growth after disability

• Assets / risks• Protective processes / vulnerabilities•Competence / adversity

resilience

resilience

Appendix F

anxiety

addictions

x

depression

SSRI• Strategies• Strengths• Resources• Insights

The P’s of Depression

• Predisposing factors• Precipitating factors• Perpetuating factors


• Predisposing factors• Precipitating factors

• Perpetuating factors



• Perpetuating factors• Protective factors



• Perpetuating factors• Protective factors

Appendix F

Eating disordersWhere are you when you are eating?

Oppositional-defiant disorder as a learning disorder

PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR

Social and

the Righteous Mind

forgiveness

x

Do you want to be right? Or do you want to be

in relationship?

Do you want to be right? Or do you want to be

in relationship?

Appendix D

•Empathy•Moral models•Personal principles

Compassion

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60

AANTECEDEN

T

BBEHAVIOR

CCONSEQUENC

ES

Emotional Intelligence

• Perceiving emotion• Using emotions to facilitate thought• Understanding emotions• Managing emotions

Self-soothing

Emotional Regulation

http://casel.org/why-it-matters/what-is-sel/

“if you knew this about me…”

Framingham Heart Study

“…happiness, like health, is a collective phenomenon.”

THE HAPPINESS SET POINT

I would really be happy if…..

Lyubomirsky, S. (2007)

Intentional activity

strengths

www.viacharacter.org

http://www.viacharacter.org/

KNOWLEDGE & WISDOM1. Creativity2. Curiosity3. Love of learning4. Wisdom / perspective5. Open-mindedness

COURAGE & FIRMNESS6. Bravery7. Persistence8. Integrity9. Vitality

HUMANITY & LOVE 10. Give & receive love11. Kindness12. Social intelligence

JUSTICE & FAIRNESS13. Citizenship14. Fairness15. Leadership

TEMPERANCE 16. Forgiveness / mercy17. Modesty / humility18. Prudence19. Self-regulation

TRANSCENDENCE / SPIRITUAL 20. Appreciate excellence / beauty21. Gratitude22. Hope23. Humor24 Spirituality

journaling

journaling

gratitude

x

journaling

gratitude

activity scheduling

journaling

gratitude

activity scheduling

Appendix E

savoring

Flow

Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi

“Challenging assignments that (slightly) stretch one's skills lead to flow…”

physical exercise

physical exercise

• Neurotrophic factor• Hippocampal growth• Counteract stress-related hormones• Addictions• Attention / focus• Age-related cognitive decline• Anti-depressant qualities

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/3BUK.pdb.png

physical exercise

• Neurotrophic factor• Hippocampal growth• Counteract stress-related hormones• Addictions• Attention / focus• Age-related cognitive decline• Anti-depressant qualities

optimism

• Hope• Self-efficacy• Goal-setting


106

what IS vs. what COULD BE

Appendix G


107

what IS…


108

…what COULD BE

optimism

• Hope–Pathways thoughts – what causes what–Agency thoughts – who causes what

optimism

• Hope

Appendices B & C

optimism

• Hope–Academics–Athletics–Physical health–Social connection

optimism

• Hope–Academics–Athletics–Physical health• Peled, R. (2008)

–Social connection

optimism

• Accentuating Hope–Pathways cognitions• “roadblocks”

optimism

• Accentuating Hope–Pathways cognitions–Agency cognitions

Hank:

“ I have things I need to do to

improve my marriage, my health,

and my financial situation, but I

honestly believe that I have

zero chance of actually making

any of those three things get

better.”

(self-esteem)

kindness

KNOWLEDGE & WISDOM1. Creativity2. Curiosity3. Love of learning4. Wisdom / perspective5. Open-mindedness

COURAGE & FIRMNESS6. Bravery7. Persistence8. Integrity9. Vitality

HUMANITY & LOVE 10. Give & receive love

11. Kindness12. Social intelligence

JUSTICE & FAIRNESS13. Citizenship14. Fairness15. Leadership

TEMPERANCE 16. Forgiveness / mercy17. Modesty / humility18. Prudence19. Self-regulation

TRANSCENDENCE / SPIRITUAL 20. Appreciate excellence / beauty21. Gratitude22. Hope23. Humor24 Spirituality

kindness

"universal egoism"

kindness

Appendix F

The Magic Ratio

3:1

Coaching

laser questions

• How will you know when your most important relationship has improved significantly?

• Who will be the first person to notice that you’re happier, … what exactly will they notice?

• How much better do you think your grades can get? And how can you reach that goal while having some fun at the same time?

• What’s really great about this that I have not really noticed before?

laser questions

• What changes will you need to make in order to get the most out of our work together?

• How much stress will the copay for these sessions cause you?

• What’s the most empowering thing that I can do during our sessions?

• What would have happened if you’d not decided to do this work?

• What is one regret you don’t want to have in this lifetime?

What our clients want most

• make and keep more money• Get more done in less time• Communicate more effectively• Feel better physically and

emotionally• Feel closer with others• Manage hassles and stressors• Find and stay on a path

Change your client’s brain

…with their consent


133

“NeuroMalleability”

• Physical Exercise• Nutrition• Stress Management• Novel Learning Experience • Sleep


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The reward and planning systems

© 2011 David D. Nowell, Ph.D. All rights reserved.

136

What Does Dopamine Feel like?


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139

The Executive Functions1. Inhibition

2. Shift

3. Regulation

4. Initiation

5. Working memory

6. Planning / organizing

7. Self-monitoring


141

The Executive Functions• Cognitive Control /

“gain” (Miller & Cohen,

1991)

• “the actor whose hand

controls the flashlight”

(Goldberg, 2009)


142


The brain’s reward and planning system

• Anticipate goal• Identify tasks• Sequence / problem-solve• Block out distractions• Get the reward


144

AANTECEDEN

T

BBEHAVIOR

CCONSEQUENC

ES

"We're All ADHD Now”

What the Rest of Us Can Learn from People Who Really Struggle with Focus, Distractibility, and Time Management


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The best defense against the manipulation of our attention is to determine for ourselves – in advance - how we want to invest it.

- E. Goldberg


148

(85 – X) x 365

How to Entirely Remove "Bad," "Lazy," and "Procrastinating" from Our Vocabulary


152

I’m gonna eat all the gum and

candy I want!


153

Asking two questions…

1. “Am I having fun now?”


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Asking two questions…

2. “And is this what I set out to do?”


155

YesYes

NoYes

YesNo

NoNo

Am I having fun now?

Is this what I set out to do?


156

YesYes

NoYes

YesNo

NoNo



I’m having fun.I’m on task.


157

YesYes

NoYes

YesNo

NoNo



I’m having fun.I’m not on task.


158

YesYes

NoYes

YesNo

NoNo



I’m not having fun.I’m on task.


159

YesYes

NoYes

YesNo

NoNo



I’m not having fun.I’m not on task.


160

Increase salience

easy hard


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166

Appendix F

Working withMOTIVATIONAL ISSUES

x

Motivation for what?

“…they realized what the solution was and were terrified”

The Five Reasons That People Do Anything That They Do

The Two Reasons That People Do Anything That They Do

The Two Reasons That People Do Anything That They Do

RREWARD

PPUNISHMENT

The One Reason That People Do Anything That They Do

RREWARD P

“WHAT’S THEIR PAIN?”

Which Techniques Should Absolutely Be Avoided with Under-motivated Clients

x

Which Techniques Should Absolutely Be Avoided with Under-motivated Clients

• Finessing our Questions

x

Dangers of Failing to Recognize Our Clients Stage of Change

Yes or No ?

#1. I solved my biggest problem more than six months ago.

#2. I have taken action on my problem within the past six months.

#3. I am intending to take action in the next month.

#4. I am intending to take action in the next six months.

Stages of Change

PrecontemplationContemplationPreparationActionMaintenance

Stages of Change

PrecontemplationContemplationPreparationActionMaintenance

Appendix F

What Key Motivational Interviewing Techniques Can Be Applied to Any Clinical Situation?

What Key Motivational Interviewing Techniques Can Be Applied to Any Clinical Situation?

• Express empathy• Create discrepancy• Roll with resistance• Support self-efficacy

Is relapse inevitable?

A complete

RETHINKING OF BEHAVIORAL PROBLEMS

Strategic Behavioral Inquiry

What’s the kid’s deal?

The Magic IfWhat "Method Actors "Have To Teach Clinicians

Inna:

student struggling with

difficult assignments,

feeling demoralized and

anxious.

Inna:

“I just get blank. I usually start sitting more

slouched, hold my head with my left hand…

you freeze and instead of being able to

think of alternatives, you start thinking

to yourself that you cannot find a

logical answer and you are tempted to

avoid it as if it poses a threat

somehow to you.”

STRATEGIC BEHAVIORALINQUIRY

Hëdÿdt?


197


A. Respectful approach to client’s interior experience

B. Introduces client to the “culture” of self-management

C. Specific applicable self-knowledge (meta-cognition)


198


Hëdÿdt – How Exactly Did You Do That?


199


Obstacles to good inquiry


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AANTECEDEN

T

BBEHAVIOR

CCONSEQUENC

ES

….the ad absurdum

The reward-and-planning system

• Anticipate goal• Identify tasks• Sequence / problem-solve• Block out distractions• Get the reward

Alicia R. Ruelaz, M.D.:

“the biggest issue for me, and

others I've seen, has been

maintaining motivation

between the excitement of

setting a goal and not losing

interest before it is

completed.”

Juzer :

“my biggest problem is that

I want to do everything

all at once!”

Preferred states inventory

• Archeology of a Memory, Appendix H

Marie Jahoda

Connecting with Return to Work Clients around the Key Human Needs Served by Employment

• 1. It imposes a time structure on the day.• 2. It enlarges the scope of relationships.• 3. It provides shared purposes and

activities of a social group.• 4. It assigns social status and clarifies

personal identity.• 5. It requires regular activity.

RTW

• The Rule of Thirds

RTW

The Three Don'ts of Employment Assistance

• Don’t talk about work• Don’t present work as a goal

in itself• Don’t impose our values on

clients

Four Signs That You Are Working Harder Than Your Clients

• Fighting with client• Client is “yes butting” you• You worry more than they do• You dread the session

Four Signs That You Are Working Harder Than Your Clients

And what you might be thinking….

How to Get Clients to Start Talking about Change

• Slow down (tolerate silence)• Respect resistance• Be agnostic• Encourage agnosia• Why, specifrically, is this a problem?• Identify exceptions to the problem• Frame goals in the positive• Help clients talk like behaviorists


• Slow down• Respect resistance• Be agnostic• Encourage agnosia• Why, specifrically, is this a problem?• Identify exceptions to the problem• Frame goals in the positive• Help clients talk like behaviorists– More of what and less of what?


Accurate empathy + “more of what”

Connecting the dots…

• “Sell me on why this absolutely positively must change…”

• Letter from the future

Connecting the Dots: Linking up Treatment Goals to What Our Client Already Loves

x

You cannot not change

How to make somebody love you forever

…yeah butIt Won’t Work with this ClientOBJECTIONS


223The “Big Five”

1. Daily focus time

2. Values/motivational clarity

3. Nutrition

4. Movement

5. Connection


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…the most important 10 minutes of the day….


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Appendix I


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1. Daily focus time

2. Values/motivational clarity

3. Nutrition

4. Movement

5. Connection


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1. Daily focus time

2. Values/motivational

clarity

3. Nutrition

4. Movement

5. Connection


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1. Daily focus time

2. Values/

motivational

clarity

3. Nutrition

4. Movement

5. Connection


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1. Daily focus time

2. Values/motivational

clarity

3. Nutrition

4. Movement

5. Connection

Cultural Competence

What culture?

Cultural Competence

What competencies?

Cultural Competence

Positive Ethics

• “professional ethics”• “research ethics”• “ethics training”

Positive Ethics

• Comprehensive• Aspirational• Positive virtues• Support clinicians in taking care of

themselves

Positive Ethics

• “He shook my hand”

…a challenge

the power of

POSITIVEPSYCHOLOGYDavid D. Nowell, Ph.D.

Positive Psychology

Health & Medicine

Transcript of Positive Psychology