POSITIVE EDUCATION for Sustainable Well Being 2014/Keynote Slides/Dr_Boniwell_-_Singapor… · WHAT...
Transcript of POSITIVE EDUCATION for Sustainable Well Being 2014/Keynote Slides/Dr_Boniwell_-_Singapor… · WHAT...
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POSITIVE EDUCATION for Sustainable Well‐Being
9 May 2014
DR. ILONA BONIWELL
16 September 2013
BACKGROUND & RATIONALE
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INTRODUCING MYSELF
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INTRODUCING MYSELF (AGAIN)
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POSITIVE EDUCATION SUMMIT @ NO 10 (OCT 2013)
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MARTIN SELIGMAN
In two words or less, what do you most want for your children?
And what do the schools teach?
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WHAT DO THE SCHOOLS TEACH?
• Achievement
• Thinking skills
• Conformity
• Literacy
• Maths
• Discipline
• Success
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WHAT DO WE NEED TO TEACH?
What is the best way to prepare for our kids life?
What challenges are they likely to encounter?
What skills would they need?
How can we teach those skills?
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THE PREVENTION ARGUMENT (Seligman, Gillham, etc)
• Earlier onset
• Academic and interpersonal difficulties
• Smoking, drugs, alcohol and suicide risks
THE FACTS
UK, US and Australia
At any point in time 2% of children aged 11–15 and 11% of youth aged 16–24 suffer a major depressive disorder (UK, US and Australia)
Singapore
Major depressive disorder is the most prominent illness in Singapore. Clinical depression rates at 5.8%. Up to 17% of primary school children are depressed; 22% thought of suicide.
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• Creativity enhancement• Task persistence, multi‐tasking, being systematic
• Achievement and academic success
• Optimism• Attending to relevant negative information
• Longevity• Less vulnerability to illness• Sociability, trust, helpfulness• Less hostility and self‐centeredness
THE PROMOTION ARGUMENT (Lyubomirsky, Diener, etc)
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THE JOINT ARGUMENT (Layard et al, 2013)
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INTRODUCING POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY & POSITIVE EDUCATION
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WHAT IS POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY?
The science of optimal human functioning, well‐being and human strengths.
Rather than ‘fixing what is wrong’, positive psychology ‘builds what is strong’.
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THE TWO PILLARS OF POSITIVE EDUCATION
RESILIENCE WELL‐BEING
Promotion
Prevention
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CAN RESILIENCE BE TAUGHT?
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WHAT IS RESILIENCE?
Think of times in your life when you have been resilient and try to come up with three different words that define resilience for you.
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ONE POSSIBLE DEFINTION
‘Resilience is an ability to be in control of a way we respond to situations and/or to bounce back from challenges and adversities’.
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SPARK PROGRAMME DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION
• Building on the “shoulders of giants”
• Commissioned by a British Local Authority
• Theoretical base – CBT, Positive Psychology and PTG
• Initial sample – four large secondary schools in South East London
• Targeting all year 7 students
• Pilot study sample ‐ 197 pupils in one of the participating schools
• Control group Y7 surveyed one year before post‐assessment of the intervention group
Boniwell & Ryan (2009)
Pluess, Boniwell, Hefferon & Tunariu(in press)
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INTERVENTION DESIGN
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Parrots of perception
Parrot under the spotlight
Parrot on trial – alternatives and
evidence
My personal aviary
PARROTS OF PERCEPTION
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The Blamer spends its time blaming other people for the situation. It looks rather bullish and puffed up. It often feels angry.
THE BLAMER
He/she is so stupid!
They always do it to me!
It’s all their fault!
They need to think about what they do more carefully
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The Worrier, not surprisingly, worries about everything! This blue parrot is concerned with the future and how a present situation might play out negatively. At its worst, The Worrier can catastrophise things and experience feelings of anxiety, fear and nervousness.
THE WORRIER
It’s going to affect everything
It’s all going to go wrong
It’s going to be dreadful, awful, terrible
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HERE’S THE AVIARY...
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BUILDING THE POSITIVE: THE 4 RESILIENCE MUSCLES
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RESULTS – SELF‐EFFICACY
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RESULTS – SELF‐ESTEEM
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RESULTS – LIFE SATISFACTION
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RESULTS ‐ RESILIENCE
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Pre Intervention Post Intervention Follow-up 6M Follow-up 12M Controls 12M
Res
ilie
nce
Sca
le (
RS
)
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RESULTS ‐ DEPRESSION
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Pre Intervention Post Intervention Follow-up 6M Follow-up 12M Controls 12M
Dep
ress
ion
Sco
res
(CE
SD
)
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THE CHALLENGE…
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APPLYING RESILIENCE TO YOUNG OFFENDERS: the challenge
• Police‐led demand
• Older population
• No formal qualifications
• Street‐wise
• Disillusioned
• Gang culture Boniwell & Tunariu (2011)
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BRAIN
…the way of the BFu
SPARK CHANGED INTO BFU...
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AND PARROTS INTO HOODS...
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EMOTIONAL RESILIENCE FOR GANGS: FACE UP
WHAT ABOUT HAPPINESS?
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HAPPINESS SKILLS: WHAT SHOULD WE TEACH AND HOW?
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WHAT HAPPINESS IS NOT
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WHAT DO WE TEACH WHEN WE TEACH HAPPINESS?
Positive Self Positive Body Positive Emotions
Positive Mindset
Positive Direction
Positive Relationships
Happy Talk! Image Matters Understanding Emotions
Fixed or Flexible?
Egg Yourself On Tonic or Toxic
Me, Inc. Supersize Me! The Negativity Bias
Hope Nail, Nag, Nudge
Forgiveness
My Strengths Portfolio
Nutrition Quiz Boost your Positive Emotions
Creative Problem Solving
Flow and Engagement
Listening and Empathy
Confident You Mindfulness for Life
Just for Fun Money, Money,Money!
Big Hairy Goals Sweet Trading
My Best Possible Self
Go to bed, Sleepyhead!
Surprising, Spontaneous Savouring!
The Tyranny of Choice
Five Little Pigs Kindness and Gratitude
Strengths Songbook
The Power of Exercise
Mental Time Travelling
Thinking Your Way to Happiness
The Balancing Act
Happinessacross Cultures
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WHAT IS HAPPINESS, ANYWAY?
GENERATING
What does it feel like to be happy?
What are you doing when you feel happy?
ANALYSING
Read through the quotesSummarise the quotes in one or two words on the post‐its
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HOW DOES IT WORK?
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TWO PERSPECTIVES ON HAPPINESS
HEDONIC EUDAIMONIC
FEELING GOOD DOING WELL
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HAPPINESS IS RELATED TO?
Optimism ‐ +
Self esteem ‐ +
Neuroticism ‐ +
Living in a warm climate ‐ +
Old age ‐ +
Youth ‐ +
Money ‐ +
Gender ‐ +
Close friendships ‐ +
Marriage ‐ +
Work ‐ +
Children ‐ +
Sleep ‐ +
Religion ‐ +
Meaning and Purpose ‐ +
Being healthy ‐ +
Education ‐ +
Physical attractiveness ‐ +
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EXAMPLE OF AN EXCERCISE
Set aside 5 minutes each night for the next couple of weeks and write down three things that went well.
They can be as specific (‘beautiful sunrise’) or generic (‘alive and healthy’) as you want.
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ACTIVATE STRENGTHS
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Adaptability Communication
Detail Forgiveness
Humility Humour
Love Optimism
Resilience
Self‐control
Social intelligence Strategy Wisdom
Resilience
Adventure Beauty
Creativity
Hard work
Competition
Empathy
Learning Open‐mindedness
Teamwork
Kindness
LeadershipHarmony
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INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENTS
16 September 2013
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THE WELLINGTON COLLEGE & GEELONG GRAMMAR
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POSITIVE EDUCATION SUMMIT @ NO 10 (OCT 2013)
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UNPRECEDENTED FINDINGS FROM BHUTAN (ADLER)
18 secondary schools (~8,000 students) in three representative regions of Bhutan
Randomly assigned to: GNH Curriculum condition (11
schools)
Control condition (7 schools)
Statistically significant increases in: Psychological well‐being
Self‐report physical health
Academic achievement (standardized test scores)
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SPARK RESILIENCE IN JAPAN
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FRANCE – THE UNCHARTERED TERRITORY
• “The Byronian curse” – as named by Russell“There's not a joy the world can give like that it takes away,When the glow of early thought declines in feeling's dull decay”
Lord Byron 1788‐1824
• PessimisticThe most pessimistic countries in Europe
• Average happinessPoor ranking, 28th in 2012, according to a Gallup survey
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LIFE SATISFACTION IN FRENCH SCHOOLS
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FEARS
‐Brain programming?
‐Opening Pandora’s box
‐Am I qualified?
‐Excessive individualism and narcissism
‐Overstepping the role of the school
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...TO BOLDLY GO WHERE NO ONE'S GONE BEFORE?
SUSTAINABLE HAPPINESS
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> THE FUTURE:
SUSTAINABLE HAPPINESS
• The current economic model, based on the doctrine of limitless growth has resulted in the destructive attempt to use the earth’s finite resources to satisfy infinite wants.
• The use of gross domestic product (GDP) as the central measure of progress in the current growth‐based paradigm has serious limitations.
> SOCIETY: CHANGES & TRENDS
• Numerous major trends changes that have impact on education & child raising
‐ Increasing use of technology and e‐commerce leads to changes in relationships and hierarchies‐Major demographic changes‐ Changes in career expectations‐Major problems of knowledge management and retention
• How can we change our ways of teaching?
> CHILDREN: RAISING HAPPINESS
• Depression and anxiety in childhood are on the rise
• What are the essential skills for the future? Who can teach them?
THE PROBLEM
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BHUTAN AND THE NEW DEVELOPMENT PARADIGM
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THE NINE DOMAINS OF THE GNH
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PROPOSED NEW DEVELOPMENT PARADIGM MODEL
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Taking the education domain as a base, what recommendations would you give to public policy makers?
THE HAPPINESS MANIFESTO
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“Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world.”
–Nobel Peace Prize Acceptance Speech
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AND KEEP IN MIND…
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RESOURCES