Pop quiz…

What or who are the Sans Culotte?

A. Apparel worn by women in the 1940'sB. A Parisian ‘working class’ revolutionary

groupC. A woman running naked through the

streets of revolutionary ParisD. Working-class scum that should never

have been included in a history bookReference: Patricia WalshAll-round intellectual

THE FRENCH REVOLUTION

UNIT 3 AREA OF STUDY 2: CREATING A NEW SOCIETY

The National Convention

Where were we…

• Radical reaction to impending Austrian attack leads to September Massacres (2 – 6 1792)

• 1600 killed barbarically in and around Parisian prisons. Anyone seen as anti-revolutionary was in danger

• With every able bodied man marching of to war, and with Austrian and Prussian forces struggling through disease and illness, France conquered their enemy at the Battle of Valmy (September 20 1792)

• By 6 November 1792, the Austrian Army were defeated and the French captured most of Belgium

• This was followed by declaration of War on England, Holland and Spain in early 1793

‘Let the blood of the traitors be the first holocaust to liberty, so that as we advance to meet the common enemy, we have got nothing behind us to threaten us.’

(Fabre d’Eglantine. Actor, dramatist)

Verdun

La Marseillaise

• In 1792 the song that would become the French national anthem was written

• ‘La Marseillaise’ was first sung by volunteers for the war effort from Marseilles in 1792, and was adopted officially as by the National Convention as the anthem in 1795

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?annotation_id=annotation_162861&feature=iv&src_vid=ipn9Uf7RG1k&v=laWIjgWDesE

• Explain why the National Convention came into existence

• List the three dominant groups in the National Convention

• Explain the differences in policy between the Girondins and La Montagne

• Explain the role of La Marais

Learning Intention:Understand the composition of the

National Convention and its challenges

French revolutionary Assemblies:A summary

NATIONAL ASSEMBLY

JULY 17 1789

Third estates members and some nobility

and clergy. Created during Estates-General

Known as National

Constituent Assembly as of

July 9 1789

LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY

October 1 1791

As a result of constitution of 1791,

France becomes a constitutional

Monarchy

Divided between radical republicans,

moderates and constitutional monarchists

NATIONAL CONVENTION

September 21 1792

Created after the deposition of the

King and the invasion of the

Tuileries, it is heavily influenced by

popular movement

Divided between Montagnards,

moderates and the Girondins

The National Convention

• Deposition of King made Constitution of 1791 unworkable – Take on name National Convention

• 21 September 1792 the National Convention first met:- Composition: Dominated by middle class, lawyers, civil servants, radical

writers (Marat), some Sans-Cullote and Peasants- All republicans (after 10 August 1792 monarchists and constitutional

monarchists disappeared from assembly)

• Two great challenges:

- Ongoing war and poverty in parts of France- Dealing with the split between the Girondins and the Montagnards- The fate of Louis XVI

The National Convention

Radical Revolutionaries

‘La Montagne’(The Mountain)

‘La Marais’(The Plain)

Independent Deputies

Girondins

‘Moderate’ Revolutionaries

300 deputies

Dominated by Jacobins and Cordeliers (included Dantonists): Robespierre, Danton, Marat, Hebert,

Roux

Supported the Insurrectionary

Commune

250 deputies

Uncommitted majority (Sieyes and Gregiore)

Distrusted popular movement

Responded issue by issue

180 deputies

Opposed jounree of August 10 1792

Supported federalism: The right of provinces to

run their own affairsCondorcet, Brissot,

Roland

This National Assembly officially abolished the monarchy and proclaimed France a Republic

The Girondins and the Montagnards: a ‘T’ chart

GIRONDINS MONTAGNARDS

Sought to protect provinces from radical policies from the capital

Drew support from Parisian Sans-Cullote and Insurrectionary

commune

Wanted a stable federalist movement

Believed in strong centralised government

Opposed savagery of popular movement

Robespierre believed popular movement uprising were direct

democracy: General will

Wanted free economic trade12 February 1793: Pass ‘Law of

the Maximum’, to regulate price of essential goods

The power of direction of the National Convention therefore depended on their

ability to convince the plain

Mix and MatchPlace each dot point under the appropriate

group in the National Convention• Dominated by Jacobins and Cordeliers (included Dantonists)• Sought to protect provinces from radical policies from the capital• Believed in strong centralised government• Supported the Insurrectionary Commune• Wanted a stable federalist movement• Opposed jounree of August 10 1792• 12 February 1793: Pass ‘Law of the Maximum’, to regulate price of

essential goods• Wanted free economic trade• Supported federalism: The right of provinces to run their own affairs• Opposed savagery of popular movement• Drew support from Parisian Sans-Cullote and Insurrectionary commune• Members included Condorcet, Brissot, Roland• Believed popular movement uprising was direct democracy: General

will

Mix and Match answers

• Why did the National Convention come into existence?

• Which three groups dominated the National Convention

• Why was their conflict between the Girondins and La Montagne

• What was the role of La Marais

Understand the composition of the National Convention and its challenges

Text book reference:pp. 160 - 162