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BAR EXAMINATION 2008

POLITICAL LAW

07 September 2008 8 A.M. - 12 Noon

INSTRUCTIONS

This questionaire consists of seventeen (17 numbers containe! in ei"ht (8 pa"es. #ea!each question ver$ carefu%%$. Ans&er %e"ib%$' c%ear%$ an! concise%$.Start each number on aseparate pa"e an ans&er to a subquestion un!er the same number ma$ be &rittencontinuous%$ on the same pa"e an! on the imme!iate%$ succee!in" pa"es unti% comp%ete!.)o not repeat the question.

*ou &i%% be "iven cre!it for $our +no&%e!"e of %e"a% !octrine an! for the qua%it$ of $our %e"a%reasonin". A mere ,*es, or ,No, ans&er &ithout an$ correspon!in" !iscussion &i%% not be"iven an$ cre!it.

AN) N */# N/T//3 4T TS 5ST/NNA#

6//) 3999

Si"ne! DANTE O. TINGA

Chairperson2008 Bar Examinations Committee

:AS 3 T NM# /; :A6S N TS ST4A#NN6< N/T ;/# SA /# NAT/#=) S

POLITICAL LAW

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a. The %e"a% $ar!stic+ in !eterminin" &hether usa"e has become customar$internationa% %a& is e>presse! in the ma>im opinio juris sive necessitatis oropinio juris for short. 4hat !oes the ma>im mean? (@

b. n!er internationa% %a&' !ifferentiate ,har! %a&, from ,soft %a&,.(@

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Ma$ a treat$ vio%ate internationa% %a&? f $our ans&er is in the affirmative' e>p%ain &hen suchma$ happen. f $our ans&er is in the ne"ative' e>p%ain &h$. (B

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The :resi!ent a%one &ithout the concurrence of the Senate abro"ate! a treat$. Assume thatthe other countr$-part$ to the treat$ is a"reeab%e to the abro"ation provi!e! it comp%ies &iththe :hi%ippine onstitution. f a case invo%vin" the va%i!it$ of the treat$ abro"ation is brou"htto the Supreme ourt' ho& shou%! it be reso%ve!? (C

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on"ress passe! a %a& authoriEin" the Nationa% ousin" Authorit$ (NA to e>propriate oracquire private propert$ for the re!eve%opment of s%um areas' as &e%% as to %ease or rese%%the propert$ to private !eve%opers to carr$ out the re!eve%opment p%an. :ursuant to the %a&'the NA acquire! a%% properties &ithin a tar"ete! ba!%$ b%i"hte! area in San Nico%as' Mani%ae>cept a &e%%-maintaine! !ru" an! convenience store that poses no b%i"ht or hea%th prob%emitse%f. Thereafter' NA so%! a%% the properties it has thus far acquire! to a private rea%t$



compan$ for re!eve%opment. Thus' the NA initiate! e>propriation procee!in"s a"ainst thestore o&ner &ho proteste! that his propert$ cou%! not be ta+en because it is not resi!entia%or s%um housin". e a%so conten!e! that his propert$ is bein" con!emne! for a privatepurpose' not a pub%ic one' notin" the NAFs sa%e of the entire area e>cept his propert$ to aprivate part$. f $ou &ere the Gu!"e' ho& &ou%! $ou !eci!e the case? (C

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avin" receive! tips the accuse! &as se%%in" narcotics' t&o po%ice officers force! open the!oor of his room. ;in!in" him sittin" part%$ !resse! on the si!e of the be!' the officers spie!t&o capsu%es on a ni"ht stan! besi!e the be!. 4hen as+e!' , Are these $ours?,' theaccuse! seiEe! the capsu%es an! put them in his mouth. A stru""%e ensue!' in the course of&hich the officer pounce! on the accuse!' too+ him to a hospita% &here at their !irection' a!octor force! an emetic so%ution thou"h a tube into the accuse!Hs stomach a"ainst his &i%%.This process in!uce! vomitin". n the vomite! matter &ere foun! t&o capsu%es &hich prove!to contain heroin. n the crimina% case' the chief evi!ence a"ainst the accuse! &as the t&o

capsu%es.

a. As counse% for the accuse!' &hat constitutiona% ri"hts &i%% $ou invo+e in his !efense?(I

b. o& shou%! the court !eci!e the case? (@

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The :hi%ippine Nationa% :o%ice (:N: issue! a circu%ar to a%% its members !irecte! at the st$%ean! %en"th of ma%e po%ice officersH hair' si!eburns an! moustaches' as &e%% as the siEe oftheir &aist%ines. t prohibits bear!s' "oatees an! &aist%ines over @8 inches' e>cept for

me!ica% reason. Some po%ice officers questione! the va%i!it$ of the circu%ar' c%aimin" that itvio%ate! their ri"ht to %ibert$ un!er the onstitution. #eso%ve the controvers$. (C

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J' a maGor in the Arme! ;orces of tKhe :hi%ippine' is facin" prosecution before the #e"iona%Tria% ourt of 5ueEon it$ for the mur!er of his nei"hbor &hom he suspecte! to havemo%este! his (JHs 1B-$ear o%! !au"hter.

a. s J entit%e! to bai%? 4h$ or &h$ not? (@b. Assume that upon bein" arrai"ne!' J entere! a p%ea of "ui%t$ an! &as a%%o&e! to

present evi!ence to prove miti"atin" circumstances. J then testifie! to the effect

that he stabb%e! the !ecease! in se%f-!efense beacause the %atter &as stran"%in" himan! that he vo%untari%$ surren!ere! to the authorities. Subsequent%$' the tria% courtren!ere! a !ecision acquitta% vio%ate JHs ri"ht a"ainst !oub%e Geopar!$? 4h$ or &h$no$? (@

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ST' a #e"iona% Tria% ourt Gu!"e &ho fa%sifie! his ertificate of Service' &as foun! %iab%e b$the Supreme ourt for serious miscon!uct an! inefficienc$' an! mete! the pena%t$ ofsuspension form office for C months. Subsequent%$' ST fi%e! a petition for e>ecutivec%emenc$ &ith the /ffice of the :resi!ent. The >ecutive Secretar$' actin" on sai! petition

issue! a reso%ution "rantin" ST e>ecutive c%emenc$. s the "rant of e>ecutive c%emenc$va%i!? 4h$ or &h$ not? (C

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Ab!u% ran an! &on in the Ma$ 2001' 200I an! 2007 e%ections for Dice-6overnor of Ta&i-Ta&i. After bein" proc%aime! Dice-6overnor in the 200I e%ections' his opponent' 3ha%i%' fi%e!an e%ection protest before the ommission on %ection. #u%in" &ith fina%t$ on the protest' the



/M !ec%are! 3ha%i% as the !u%$ e%ecte! Dice-6overnor thou"h the !ecision &aspromu%"ate! on%$ in 2007' &hen Ab!u% ha! fu%%$ serve! his 200I-2007 term an! &as in facta%rea!$ on his 2007-2010 term as Dice 6overnor.

a. Ab!u% no& consu%ts $ou if the can sti%% run for Dice-6overnor of Ta&i-Ta&i in theforthcomin" Ma$ 2010 e%ection on the premise that he cou%! not be consi!ere! ashavin" serve! as Dice-6overnor from 200I-2007 because he &as not !u%$ e%ecte! tothe post' as he assume! office mere%$ as a presumptive &inner an! that presumption&as %ater overturne! &hen /M !eci!e! &ith fina%it$ that ha! %ost in the Ma$200I e%ections. 4hat &i%% be $our a!vice? (@

b. Ab!u% a%so consu%ts $ou &hether his po%itica% part$ can va%i!%$ nominate his &ife assubtitute can!i!ate for Dice-Ma$or of Ta&i-Ta&i in Ma$ 2010 e%ections in case the/M !isqua%ifies him an! !enies !ue course to or cance%s his certificate ofcan!i!ac$ in vie& of a fa%se materia% representation therein.4hat &i%% be $our a!vice?(@

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The 1st e"is%ative )istrict of South otabato is compose! of 6enera% Santos an! threemunicipa%ities inc%u!in" :o%omo%o+. )urin" the canvassin" procee!in"s before the )istrictoar! of anvassers in connection &ith the 2007 con"ressiona% e%ection' can!i!ate M:obGecte! to the certificate pf canvass for :o%omo%o+ on the "roun! that it &as obvious%$manufacture!' submittin" as evi!ence the affi!avit of a ma$ora%t$ can!i!ate of :o%omo%o+.The certificate of canvass for 6enera% Santos &as %i+e&ise obGecte! to b$ M: on the basis of the confirme! report of the %oca% NAM;# that 10 e%ection returns from non-e>istentprecincts &ere inc%u!e! in the certificate. M: move! that the certificate of canvass for6enera% Santos be correcte! to e>c%u!e the the resu%t from the non-e>istent precincts. The

)istrict oar! of anvassers !enie! both obGections an! ru%e! to inc%u!e the certificate ofcanvass. Ma$ M: appea% the ru%in"s to the /M? >p%ain. (C

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/n Au"ust 8' 2008 the 6overnor of oho% !ie! an! Dice-6overnor esar succee!e! him b$operation of %a&. Accor!in"%$' enito' the hi"hest ran+in" member of the San""unian":an%a%a&i"an &as e%evate! to the position of Dice-6overnor. $ the e%evation of enito tothe office of Dice-6overnor' a vacanc$ in the San""unian" :an%a%a&i"an &as create!.

o& shou%! the vacanc$ be fi%e!? (@

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The Ma$or of San Jose it$ appointe! his &ife' Ame%ia' as it$ Treasurer from amon" tree(@ emp%o$ees pf the cit$ consi!ere! for the sai! position. :rior to sai! promotion' Ame%iaha! been an Assistant it$ Treasurer for ten (10 $ears' that is' even before she marrie! theit$ Ma$or. Shou%! the ivi% Service ommission approve the promotiona% appointment of

Ame%ia? 4h$ or &h$ not? (C

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on"ress enacte! a %a& estab%ishin" the ri"ht to tria% b$ Gur$ of an accuse! char"e! &ith a

fe%on$ or offense punishab%e &ith rec%usion perpetua or %ife imprisonment. The %a& provi!esfor the qua%ification of prospective Gur$ member' the "ui!e%ines to be observe! b$ the Gu!"ean! the %a&$ers in Gur$ se%ection inc%u!in" the "roun!s for cha%%en"in" the se%ection of Gur$member' an! tKhe metho!o%o"$ for Gur$ !e%iberations. s the %a& constitutiona%? >p%ain fu%%$.(7

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n 1C@' con"ress passe! a %a& creatin" a "overnment-o&ne! corporation name! Mani%a4ar Memoria% ommission (M4M' &ith the primar$ function of overseein" theconstruction of a massive memoria% in the heart of Mani%a to commemorate victim of the1IB att%e of Mani%a

The M4M charter provi!e! an initia% appropriation of :1'000'000' empo&ere! thecorporation to raise fun!s in its o&n name' an! set asi!e a parce% of %an! in Ma%ate for thememoria% site. The charter set the corporate %ife of M4M at B0 $ears &ith a proviso thaton"ress ma$ not abo%ish M4M unti% after the comp%etion of the memoria%.

;ort$-five (IB $ears %ater' the memoria% &as on%$ 1@ comp%ete an! the memoria% site itse%fha! %on" been overrun b$ quatters. on"ress enacte! a %a& abo%ishin" the M4M an!requirin" that the fun!s raise! b$ it be remitte! to the Nationa% Treasur$. The M4Mcha%%en"e! the va%i!it$ of the %a&' ar"uin" that un!er its charter its man!ate is to comp%etethe memoria% no matter ho& %on" it ta+es. )eci!e &ith reason. (C

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The principa% of Jaena i"h Schoo%' a pub%ic schoo% &rote a %etter to the parents an!"uar!ians of a%% the schoo%Hs pupi%s' informin" them that the schoo% &as &i%%in" to provi!ere%i"ious instruction to its atho%ic stu!ents !urin" c%ass hours' throu"h a atho%ic priest.o&ever' stu!ents &ho &ishe! to avai% of such re%i"ious instruction nee!e! to secure theconsent of their parents an! "uar!ians in &ritin".

a. )oes the offer vio%ate the constitutiona% prohibition a"aints the estab%ishment ofre%i"ion? (@

b. the parents of evan"e%ica% hristian stu!ents' upon %earnin" of the offer' !eman!e!

that the$ too be entit%e! to have their chi%!ren instructe! in their o&n re%i"ious faith!urin" c%ass hours. The principa%' a !evout atho%ic' reGecte! the request. As counse%for the parents of the evan"e%ica% stu!ents' ho& &ou%! $ou ar"ue in support of theirposition? (@

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Nation&i!e protest have erupte! over risin" "as prices' inc%u!in" !isruptive !emonstrationsin man$ universities throu"hout the countr$. The Metro Mani%a State niversit$' a pub%icuniversit$' a!opte! a universit$-&i!e circu%ar prohibitin" pub%ic mass !emonstrations an!ra%%ies &ithin the campus. /ffen!e! b$ the circu%ar'mi%itant stu!ents sprea! &or! that on thefo%%o&in" ;ri!a$' a%% stu!ents &ere to &ear b%ac+ T-shirt as a s$mbo%s of their protest both

a"ainst hi"h "as prices an! the universit$ ban on !emonstrations. The effort &as on%$mo!erate%$ successfu%' &ith aroun! @0 of the stu!ents hee!in" the ca%%. Nonethe%ess'universit$ officia%s &ere outra"e! an! compe%%e! the stu!ents %ea!ers to e>p%ain &h$ the$shou%! not be e>pe%%e! for vio%atin" the circu%ar a"ainst !emonstrations.

The stu!ent %ea!ers approache! $ou for %e"a% a!vice. The$ conten!e! that the$ shou%! notbe e>pe%%e! since the$ !i! not vio%ate the circu%ar' their protest action bein" neither a!emonstrator nor a ra%%$ since a%% the$ !i! &as &ear b%ac+ T-shirts. 4hat &ou%! $ou a!visethe stu!ents? (C

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As a reaction to the rice shorta"e an! the !earth of minin" en"ineers. on"ress passe! a%a& requirin" "ra!uates of pub%ic science hi"h schoo% henceforth to ta+e up a"ricu%ture orminin" en"ineerin" as their co%%e"e course. Severa% stu!ents proteste!' invo+in" theirfree!om to choose their profession. s the %a& constitutiona%? (C

NOTHING FOLLO!

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