Political History of Iran In Iran after World War I, a military commander, Reza Pahlevi, took...
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![Page 1: Political History of Iran In Iran after World War I, a military commander, Reza Pahlevi, took poweras Shah. Shah is a Persian word that means king.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070415/5697bfe41a28abf838cb55a3/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Political History of Iran
• In Iran after World War I, a military commander, Reza Pahlevi, took poweras Shah.
• Shah is a Persian word that means king.
![Page 2: Political History of Iran In Iran after World War I, a military commander, Reza Pahlevi, took poweras Shah. Shah is a Persian word that means king.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070415/5697bfe41a28abf838cb55a3/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Modernization of Iran
• Iran is an oil-rich nation.
• The Shah used his oil wealth to modernize his nation.
• He allowed women to vote and hold jobs
• He built big cities, and created a more secular or non-religious society
• His reforms did not take root among the population in general, only among the rich.
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• The Shah was very unpopular with many Iranians.
• Iran is a very traditional Muslim nation
• Many of the Iranian people were displeased with the changes the Shah imposed upon them.
• The result was the creation of a wealthy westernized class
• that was divided from the general population, which retained closer ties to traditional culture and Islam.
Modernization of Iran
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Iranian Unrest• By the 1970s, many people in Iran began to oppose
the shah's mixture of Westernization and harsh rule.
• In 1978 mass demonstrations broke out and were put down with much loss of life.
• In 1979, Iran underwent a religious revolution against the westernized leadership of the nation; Islamic religious leaders objected to reforms that they felt threatened the country's traditional values.
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Iranian Revolution
•One of these religious leaders, the Ayatollah Khomeini, who had been thrown out of the country years before for protesting against the Shah.
•From outside Iran, Khomeini led a revolution against the shah.
•The shah fled the country in 1979.
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Iranian Revolution Cont.• Khomeini returned to Iran and quickly established an
Islamic Republic.
• He declared himself both political and religious leader of Iran for life– thus establishing a theocracy, one which remains in power
today.
• The new government killed hundreds of people for political and religious reasons.
• Conservative Muslim codes were rigorously enforced, and Western influences were banned.
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In November of 1979, supporters of the revolution seized the United States Embassy in Tehran and took 52 Americans as hostages, holding most of them for more than a year. This was a protest against U.S. involvement in the Iranian Government.
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The Iraq-Iran War
• This was a war between a Saddam Hussein led Iraq vs. Ayatollah Khomeini’s Iranian Army.
• Iraq invaded Iran in 1980 over a border dispute of the Shatt Al-'Arab river and fear by Iraq’s Saddam Hussein.
• He feared that religious propaganda from Iran’s religious revolution could lead to a religious revolt in Iraq, as well.
• Also Saddam believed that Iran was weak following its revolution.
Donald Rumsfeld and Suddam Hussein
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Iraq’s War Techniques
• During the Iraq-Iran War, neither country followed the usual rules of war.
• Iraq used chemical weapons against Iranian forces and against Iraqi Kurds whom Iraq claimed were helping the Iranians.
• No country had used such weapons on a large scale since World War I.
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Iran’s War Techniques
• Iran sent young village boys through minefields ahead of its troops.
• Many of the boys set off the land mines, giving up their lives so that the troops behind would have a clearer path.
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End of War• The war ended in a ceasefire in 1988.
• Eventually Iran and Iraq agreed to share control of the Shatt Al-'Arab river.
• The Iraq-Iran war ended with no real change of territory, but the war did lead to a great growth of Iraq’s armed forces, which were helped by support from the United States during the conflict.
• (Remember that Iran was our enemy during this time – they held our embassy people hostage for over a year following their revolution.)
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Current Leadership• The current President of Iran,
Hasan Rouhani, has called for:– the destruction of Israel – and the continuation of a
nuclear program in Iran.
• Rouhani argues that a nuclear program would allow– Iran to produce electricity
• But most nations believe Iran’s nuclear program is for weapons, not energy.
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• Recently a secret underground nuclear facility there has been discovered, in addition to the ones we already know about.
• Former Iranian Presidents have denied the Holocaust happened
• Keep in mind that Iran’s real power is held by the Ayatollah, or Supreme Leader and the Guardian Council, not the elected President.
• As all candidates for President must be allowed to run, by the Supreme Leader and the Council.
Current Situation
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http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/middle_east/03/iran_power/html/president.stm