Political Geography

Chapter 8

8.1 + 8.3

You need this print-out & a

sheet of paper for

ADDITIONAL VOCABULARY

TERMS & examples!

As recently as 1940, the world contained about 50 countries, now there are 193.

State:◦ An area organized into a political unit and ruled by an

established government with control over its internal and foreign affairs

◦ It occupies a: Defined territory

Permanent population

Power over its internal & external affairs

Recognized by the international community

◦ State is a synonym for COUNTRY

SOVEREIGNTY

◦ A state has freedom from control of its internal affairs by other states.

Other states do not control over what happens inside its borders (another state).

•Palestinians – live in West Bank, Gaza Strip, & Golan Heights of Israel

•Many live in neighboring states after fled since 1948

• Culture - practice Islam + speak Arabic

Desire to create state called PALESTINE

SEEKself-determination –right to govern themselves

Why would they want to govern themselves?

Desire for Sovereignty

Piece of

paper

needed:

Nation: group of people with a common culture- Group shared cultural beliefs & unity: _______ genous

- Ancestry or historical events - Language

- Ethnicity - Religion EX. _________________________________

Nation-State: state whose territory is occupied by a particular ethnicity nation (90% or greater) _______ genous

Multinational State: state with 2 or more nations / cultures (diverse state) agree to coexist peacefully

Stateless nation: nation/culture with NO government A nation without a state!

◦ Why would an ethnic group want to govern themselves?

A. Nation-state – Poland and Slovenia are examples of states occupied by a distinct nation or people

B. Multinational state – Switzerland is ethnically, linguistically, & religiously diverse

(C) Multinational state-

- Identify races & ethnic groups

(D) Stateless-nation – Kurds are ancient group

located in five different states

What is the only large landmass on Earth’s surface

that is not part of a state (no government)?

1. Arctic circle◦ What could they be fighting over? ______________

◦ Video: Arctic Circle Conflict

◦ Would the same disagreement occur off the shores of Antarctica?

• Where is the Arctic Circle?

• Arctic Ocean?

◦ Example of a state without sovereignty:

2. ANTARCTICA = large land mass not part of a state!

◦ Treaty of Antarctica provides legal

framework for managing Antarctica

Research stations

No military

◦ Argentina, Australia, Chile, France,

New Zealand, Norway, &

United Kingdom claim portions

Who has the largest claim in Antarctica?

South Pole Region with many claims

overlapping & conflicting claims

Boundary – invisible line marking the extent of

a state’s territory◦ Result from natural physical features & cultural features

◦ Sometimes boundaries have markers to show the different territories

◦ Vertical plane that cuts through the rocks below and the airspace above, dividing one territory from another.

Potential to become focal point of conflict

3. Who owns the Sea?

◦ LAW OF THE SEA (1983) U.N. law establishing states’ rights, responsibilities concerning the ownership & use of the earth’s seas & oceans & their resources Can a state defend itself?

Can it control valuable fishing & other resources off its shores?

◦ EXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC ZONE (EEZ)– state’s economic rights to 200 nautical miles from shore

Right to explore, exploit, conserve, & manage the natural resources (living & nonliving) in the water, seabed, & subsoil below

Challenge IN Defining STATES

Which state is the largest in terms in

land area?

-Look at the location of North Korea and South Korea

- Korea is known as a “buffer zone”, why?◦ What is a buffer?

What is their buffer?

Nighttime satellite image shows

the contrasting amounts of

electric lighting in South Korea

compared to North Korea

38° N

4. Korea: Is it 1 State or 2?

Before end of WWII

Japan had control of

Korea & other Asian places in WWII

After WWII

North Korea controlled

by Soviet Union

South Korea controlled

by the United States

Conflict between the 2 resulted into WAR

Video

1950- Korean troops from the North invaded South Korea

1953- Treaty ends the war

Divided the peninsula into….◦ North Korea- Communist State

◦ South Korea- Democratic Country

◦ Ceasefire line at 38th parallel

Using your notes, place these events in the proper order in the space provided in your notes◦ A. North Korea invades South Korea

◦ B. Treaty is made & ceasefire line drawn @ 38th parallel

◦ C. Korea is a colony of Japan

◦ D. Japan loses WWII, & Korea is split in two, occupied by the US & the Soviet Union

1 Nation divided into 2 occupation

zones after Japan defeated in WW II North Korea = Communist

South Korea = Democratic

◦ Divisions became permanent in 1940’s when

separate government were established

Korean War:

◦ Democratic People’s Republic of Korea

(North Korea) invaded the Republic of Korea

(South Korea) in 1950

(3 year war)

Attempts to reunite into 1 sovereign

state have failed

◦ North Korea’s decision to make nuclear

weapons

◦

Watch the following video on the border issues between North Korea and South Korea

Follow along with the questions on your notes sheet, they will go in order with the video

Field Trip to the DMZ Video