Introduction to Political Geography€¦ · Introduction to Political Geography Terms and concepts...
Transcript of Introduction to Political Geography€¦ · Introduction to Political Geography Terms and concepts...
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Introduction to Political Geography
Terms and concepts
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Introduction to Political Geography
• Political Geography is the study of the patterns and methods humans have used to organize claims to portions of the Earth’s surface
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State
• Basic organization of a group of people into a sovereign state with defined borders
– Synonymously a country
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Gaining Statehood
• Have a defined territory with permanent population and functional government
• Declare and effectively gain independence
• Gain recognition from established states as sovereign state
• Join the United Nations General Assembly
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Sovereignty
• Ultimate authority for decisions pertaining to government, defense, and foreign politics
– Simply put: Complete control of decision making without outside interference
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Sovereignty Disputes
• When two or more states claim and area which often result in diplomatic tension
– Often requiring mediation or intervention by the United Nations
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Case Study: Falklands War 1982
• Disputed claims over the Islands reaching as far back as 18th Century
• British and Argentinian claims resulted in brief bitter war
• Islands remain disputed with both sides claiming rights
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Nation
• A group of people in a given geographical area with common heritage, and culture
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Nation-State
• A mostly ethnically homogenous state with a sovereign government with clearly defined borders
– Often nations will push for independence citing differing nationality
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Case Study: Basque
• Region of Northern Spain and southwest France almost entirely comprised of people declaring Basque, not Spanish, nationality – Basque has unique
cultural heritage not linked to that of either Spain or France
– Attempts to gain independence
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Territory
• An area of land under the jurisdiction of a state but has not yet gained full rights of being part of the state
– Ex. Voting rights, representation, etc..
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Frontier
• Zone where no state exercises political control
– Referred to as Terra Nullius or “Land belonging to no one”