Political Geography
description
Transcript of Political Geography
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Political Geography
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Some facts about states
The world’s largest state is RussiaThe world’s smallest microstate is
Monaco.The world’s smallest colony is PitcairnAntarctica is not a state, and is
considered a research community
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Ancient States
The development of states can be traced to the Fertile Crescent
The Fertile Crescent:Followed the Tigris and Euphrates RiversExtended from the Persian Gulf to the
Mediterranean SeaWas the location of the first city-states in the
Middle East Is sometimes considered to be extended into
the Nile Valley
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City-States
The first states in Mesopotamia were city-states.
A city-state is a sovereign state that comprises a town and the surrounding countryside
Walls defined the boundaries
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Early- European States
The Roman Empire helped unite the ancient city-states
At its height, the Roman Empire stretched across Europe, Northern Africa, and Southwest Asia
When the Roman Empire collapsed, European nation-states began
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Colonies and Colonialism
European nation-states wanted colonies to increase their resources and access to local markets
A colony is a territory that is legally tied to a sovereign state
Colonialism is the effort by one country to establish settlements around the world
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The Three G’s
Country’s wanted to establish colonies for the following reasons:GodGloryGold
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Great Britain
By 1900, Great Britain could claim the following:The sun never set on the British EmpireBritish colonies were on every continentThey had the largest empire in EuropeTheir empire controlled strategic islands They allowed their colonies to practice their
unique traditions
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Imperialism
European efforts to control Africa and Asia
Imperialism is control of a territory already occupied and organized by an indigenous society
What’s the difference between imperialism and colonialism?
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Colonies today
There are very few colonies todayMost are islandsThe most populous colony is Puerto
Rico, which belongs to the Commonwealth of the United States
Over the last 50 years, the number of nation-states has increased by more than 100 (why?)
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Microstates
Microstates are states with very small land areas
Characteristics include:Many are islandsAll are smaller than 1,000 sq kilometersMany of the islands are former European
coloniesMost of the island states are in the Pacific
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Types of Boundaries
Historically, frontiers separated statesA frontier is a zone where no state
exercises complete political controlBoundaries can be two types: physical
and cultural
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Physical Boundaries
Physical boundaries coincide with significant features of the natural landscape like mountains, deserts, and water boundariesMountains can be good boundaries, if they
are difficult to crossDesert boundaries are also hard to cross,
and can make good boundaries
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Water Boundaries
Rivers, lakes, and oceans are the most common type of water boundary
Boundaries are typically in the middle of the water
Problems:The dividing line can changeOceanic boundaries usually extend into the
waterLaw of the Seas
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Cultural Boundaries
Cultural boundaries follow the distribution of cultural characteristics
Cultural boundaries include geometric, religious, and language barriersGeometric boundaries are boundaries
drawn on a map (Ex: Aozou Strip)Religious boundaries try to separate two
religious groups (Ex: Ireland)
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Language Barriers
Language barriers separate groups according to language
Extremely popular in Europe after World War I
What kind of boundaries separate the US and Canada?
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Problems with Boundaries
One state containing more than one ethnic group (multinational state)
One ethnic group is divided among more than one state (multistate nation)Korea is a good example of this
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Cypress
One of three countries that is in both Europe and Asia
The northern part of the island belongs to the Turkish minority
The southern part of the island belongs to the Greek majority
The two parts of the island are separated by a buffer zone
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Russia
Russia is the largest multinational stateAfter the Soviet Union collapsed, most
Russians found themselves in the western part of the state
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Multistate Nations
The Kurds live among six countries in Southwest Asia
There was a Kurdistan, until 1920The Kurds were promised a homeland
by helping US troops during the Gulf War
They did not get a homeland, due to our relationship with Turkey
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Unitary and Federal States
The unitary state places most power in the hands of the central government
A federal state shares power with local governmentsThis helps calm the tension of having many
ethnic groups in one statePoland did this after the Soviet Union
collapsed
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Supranational Organizations
The United Nations is a political organization with 189 membersSwitzerland and Taiwan are the only
populous countries without membershipNATO is a military organization with 16
members, including the United States and Turkey
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Supranational Organizations
The European Union is an economic alliance with 27 member states It has helped grow the economy is Western
EuropeToday, it is the world’s economic
superpowerNAFTA is an economic alliance with 3
member states