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Politecnico di MilanoPolitecnico di Milano19-20 Gennaio 200619-20 Gennaio 2006 11
AIRPORTS:AIRPORTS:
Research Activities in support of Research Activities in support of Policy InitiativesPolicy Initiatives
Presented byPresented by
Cesare BernabeiCesare Bernabei
Directorate General for Energy and TransportEuropean Commission
22
ContentsContents
• The Air Transport SystemThe Air Transport System
• Aviation Policy GuidelinesAviation Policy Guidelines
• The Single European Sky & EASAThe Single European Sky & EASA
• Airport R&D Activities at DG-TRENAirport R&D Activities at DG-TREN
• VideoVideo
• From Research to PolicyFrom Research to Policy
• The Way Forward The Way Forward
33
ContentsContents
• The Air Transport SystemThe Air Transport System
• Aviation Policy GuidelinesAviation Policy Guidelines
• The Single European Sky & EASAThe Single European Sky & EASA
• Airport R&D Activities at DG-TRENAirport R&D Activities at DG-TREN
• VideoVideo
• From Research to PolicyFrom Research to Policy
• The Way Forward The Way Forward
Politecnico di MilanoPolitecnico di Milano19-20 Gennaio 200619-20 Gennaio 2006 44
The Air Transport SystemThe Air Transport System
Is growing steadily since the last ten years Is growing steadily since the last ten years and it is expected to do so…and it is expected to do so…
……despite the 9/11 event…despite the 9/11 event…
for the next twenty years will keep on for the next twenty years will keep on growinggrowing
Politecnico di MilanoPolitecnico di Milano19-20 Gennaio 200619-20 Gennaio 2006 55
Typical summer daily traffic Typical summer daily traffic 20032003
Politecnico di MilanoPolitecnico di Milano19-20 Gennaio 200619-20 Gennaio 2006 66
Typical summer daily traffic Typical summer daily traffic 20252025
77
ContentsContents
• The Air Transport SystemThe Air Transport System
• Aviation Policy GuidelinesAviation Policy Guidelines
• The Single European Sky & EASAThe Single European Sky & EASA
• Airport R&D Activities at DG-TRENAirport R&D Activities at DG-TREN
• VideoVideo
• From Research to PolicyFrom Research to Policy
• The Way ForwardThe Way Forward
Politecnico di MilanoPolitecnico di Milano19-20 Gennaio 200619-20 Gennaio 2006 88
Aviation Policy GuidelinesAviation Policy Guidelines
Transport White Paper for 2010 • Integrated ATC• Single European Sky• Regulatory Framework• Airport Capacity• Environmental Impact• Multimodality• European Aviation Safety Agency
Politecnico di MilanoPolitecnico di Milano19-20 Gennaio 200619-20 Gennaio 2006 99
Aviation Policy GuidelinesAviation Policy Guidelines
Vision 2020
Five-fold reduction in accidents 80% cut in NOx emissions Halving perceived aircraft noise ATC handling 16 million flights a year 50% cut in CO2 emissions per pass-Km 99% of all flights within 15 minutes
Politecnico di MilanoPolitecnico di Milano19-20 Gennaio 200619-20 Gennaio 2006 1010
Aviation Policy GuidelinesAviation Policy Guidelines
The Policy and Research Guidelines have lead to
Single European Sky & SESAR
EASA
1111
ContentsContents
• The Air Transport SystemThe Air Transport System
• Aviation Policy GuidelinesAviation Policy Guidelines
• The Single European Sky & EASAThe Single European Sky & EASA
• Airport R&D Activities at DG-TRENAirport R&D Activities at DG-TREN
• VideoVideo
• From Research to PolicyFrom Research to Policy
• The Way ForwardThe Way Forward
Politecnico di MilanoPolitecnico di Milano19-20 Gennaio 200619-20 Gennaio 2006 1212
European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA)European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA)
In 2002 Establishment of EASA
The mission:
•high, uniform level of civil aviation safety and environmental protection; •free movement of goods, persons and services; •cost efficiency in the regulatory and certification processes; •assisting Member States in fulfilling ICAO obligations; •promoting world-wide Community views
Politecnico di MilanoPolitecnico di Milano19-20 Gennaio 200619-20 Gennaio 2006 1313
European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA)European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA)
In 2005, 1st Extension of EASA Competencies submitted by the EC
Concerning:
• Air Operations
• Pilot Licensing
Politecnico di MilanoPolitecnico di Milano19-20 Gennaio 200619-20 Gennaio 2006 1414
European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA)European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA)
In 2006, 2nd Extension of EASA Competencies
Concerning:
• Air Navigation
• Airport Operations
Politecnico di MilanoPolitecnico di Milano19-20 Gennaio 200619-20 Gennaio 2006 1515
The Single European Sky InitiativeThe Single European Sky Initiative
Through its Regulations onThrough its Regulations on
Organisation and Use of the AirspaceOrganisation and Use of the Airspace
Provision of Air Navigation ServicesProvision of Air Navigation Services
Interoperability of the European Air Traffic Interoperability of the European Air Traffic Management Network Management Network
will provide the frame for the Airspacewill provide the frame for the Airspace
Politecnico di MilanoPolitecnico di Milano19-20 Gennaio 200619-20 Gennaio 2006 1616
The Single European Sky InitiativeThe Single European Sky Initiative
While the new regulations on the airspace provide While the new regulations on the airspace provide a more efficient system, the airports will become a more efficient system, the airports will become the real bottle-neck for aviation.the real bottle-neck for aviation.
Politecnico di MilanoPolitecnico di Milano19-20 Gennaio 200619-20 Gennaio 2006 1717
Single European Sky: SESAR ProgrammeSingle European Sky: SESAR Programme
SESAR aims toTriple the European ATM CapacityImprove Safety by a factor of 10Reduce Environmental Impact by 10%Contribute €50 Billion to Economy GrowthGenerate 200.000 Highly Qualified Jobs
SESAR Definition Phase, from 2005 to 2007, for 60 M€involves forty Companies
Politecnico di MilanoPolitecnico di Milano19-20 Gennaio 200619-20 Gennaio 2006 1818
The Single European Sky InitiativeThe Single European Sky Initiative
In order to increase the actual ‘runway’ capacity in In order to increase the actual ‘runway’ capacity in Europe, there are three options:Europe, there are three options:
• enlarge, build new airportsenlarge, build new airports
• better use of existing ones, including regional better use of existing ones, including regional airportairport
• improve the efficiency and management at improve the efficiency and management at existing airportsexisting airports
Politecnico di MilanoPolitecnico di Milano19-20 Gennaio 200619-20 Gennaio 2006 1919
The Single European Sky InitiativeThe Single European Sky Initiative
While While
• the first solution is very difficult to achieve due to costs and the first solution is very difficult to achieve due to costs and long-term planning, long-term planning, (enlarge/ build new airports)(enlarge/ build new airports)
• the second is certainly being exploited wherever possible, the second is certainly being exploited wherever possible, but with certain conditions but with certain conditions (regional airports)(regional airports)
• the third one, if properly implemented, could be applied at the third one, if properly implemented, could be applied at any airport and, comparatively will be cost-effective and any airport and, comparatively will be cost-effective and time-saving time-saving (improve efficiency & management)(improve efficiency & management)
•So…So…
Politecnico di MilanoPolitecnico di Milano19-20 Gennaio 200619-20 Gennaio 2006 2020
What can Research do in order to What can Research do in order to help Policy to establish effective help Policy to establish effective
regulations for a regulations for a
•safe, safe,
•efficient efficient andand
•environmentally friendlyenvironmentally friendly
Air Traffic ManagementAir Traffic Management at at airports?airports?
2121
ContentsContents
• The Air Transport SystemThe Air Transport System
• Aviation Policy GuidelinesAviation Policy Guidelines
• The Single European Sky & EASAThe Single European Sky & EASA
• Airport R&D Activities at DG-TRENAirport R&D Activities at DG-TREN
• VideoVideo
• From Research to PolicyFrom Research to Policy
• The Way Forward The Way Forward
Politecnico di MilanoPolitecnico di Milano19-20 Gennaio 200619-20 Gennaio 2006 2222
Is the flight endedIs the flight ended
whenwhen
the aircraft has landed?the aircraft has landed?
Politecnico di MilanoPolitecnico di Milano19-20 Gennaio 200619-20 Gennaio 2006 2323
Final A
pproach report (from
Surveillance)
Landing report(from
Surveillance)
Apron entrance report(from
Surveillance)
Final Approach Rwy Twy Apron
Gate / S
tand
Runw
ay safety area
Groundcontroller
Aproncontroller
Tower controllerApproach controller
Aircraft sequenced
(from A
rrival Manager)
30 minutes
before touch down
Landingclearance
Taxiclearance
ACC
Exitproposal
Final Phases of FlightFinal Phases of Flight
Politecnico di MilanoPolitecnico di Milano19-20 Gennaio 200619-20 Gennaio 2006 2424
Approach and Landing OperationsApproach and Landing Operations
Airport Surface OperationsAirport Surface Operations
Airports Air-side and Land-side Airports Air-side and Land-side OptimisationOptimisation
RESEARCH AREASRESEARCH AREAS
Politecnico di MilanoPolitecnico di Milano19-20 Gennaio 200619-20 Gennaio 2006 2525
Approach and Landing OperationsApproach and Landing Operations
Integration ofIntegration of … …
•ArrivalArrival
•DepartureDeparture
•Ground Movement Ground Movement
……planning systemsplanning systems
RESEARCH AREASRESEARCH AREAS
Politecnico di MilanoPolitecnico di Milano19-20 Gennaio 200619-20 Gennaio 2006 2626
Approach and Landing OperationsApproach and Landing Operations
RESEARCH AREASRESEARCH AREAS
The results obtained from these activities provide the basis for an optimised flow of traffic but
requires that all the functions are well coordinated
Basis for all CDM applications
Politecnico di MilanoPolitecnico di Milano19-20 Gennaio 200619-20 Gennaio 2006 2727
Airports Air-side and Land-side Airports Air-side and Land-side OptimisationOptimisation
RESEARCH AREASRESEARCH AREAS
Through the modelling of all the operations both by the air-side and by the land-side, we have created a user-friendly tool to assess the necessary developments and the impact of new installations
Politecnico di MilanoPolitecnico di Milano19-20 Gennaio 200619-20 Gennaio 2006 2828
Airport Surface OperationsAirport Surface Operations
RESEARCH AREASRESEARCH AREAS
It is in this area where major achievements have been obtained in order to support major improvements in airport operations and in its management
Politecnico di MilanoPolitecnico di Milano19-20 Gennaio 200619-20 Gennaio 2006 2929
Final A
pproach report (from
Surveillance)
Landing report(from
Surveillance)
Apron entrance report(from
Surveillance)
Final Approach Rwy Twy Apron
Gate / S
tand
Runw
ay safety area
Groundcontroller
Aproncontroller
Tower controllerApproach controller
Aircraft sequenced
(from A
rrival Manager)
30 minutes
before touch down
Landingclearance
Taxiclearance
ACC
Exitproposal
Final Phases of FlightFinal Phases of Flight
Politecnico di MilanoPolitecnico di Milano19-20 Gennaio 200619-20 Gennaio 2006 3030
Let’s take a mid-size airportLet’s take a mid-size airport
Politecnico di MilanoPolitecnico di Milano19-20 Gennaio 200619-20 Gennaio 2006 3232
Control Control TowersTowers
Politecnico di MilanoPolitecnico di Milano19-20 Gennaio 200619-20 Gennaio 2006 3333
From the Control TowerFrom the Control Tower
On a bright dayOn a bright day
Politecnico di MilanoPolitecnico di Milano19-20 Gennaio 200619-20 Gennaio 2006 3434
From the Control TowerFrom the Control Tower
On a foggy dayOn a foggy day
Politecnico di MilanoPolitecnico di Milano19-20 Gennaio 200619-20 Gennaio 2006 3535
What the controller What the controller do in such conditions?do in such conditions?
Pick up the R/T and Pick up the R/T and call the aircraftcall the aircraft
However now the However now the technology can assist technology can assist him/her in the jobhim/her in the job
Politecnico di MilanoPolitecnico di Milano19-20 Gennaio 200619-20 Gennaio 2006 3636
The Ground ControllerThe Ground Controller
Day, Day, night, in night, in
fogfog
or...or...
Politecnico di MilanoPolitecnico di Milano19-20 Gennaio 200619-20 Gennaio 2006 3737
The Ground Controller must…The Ground Controller must…
Survey
Control
Plan
&
Guide
Politecnico di MilanoPolitecnico di Milano19-20 Gennaio 200619-20 Gennaio 2006 3838
Research & Development Activities at Research & Development Activities at DG-TRENDG-TREN
Since 1994, the Directorate for Transport Since 1994, the Directorate for Transport together with DG-RTD and DG-INFSOtogether with DG-RTD and DG-INFSO
has supported R&D Activities in the field of has supported R&D Activities in the field of
A-SMGCSA-SMGCS or or
Advanced Surface Movement Guidance and Advanced Surface Movement Guidance and Control SystemsControl Systems
Politecnico di MilanoPolitecnico di Milano19-20 Gennaio 200619-20 Gennaio 2006 3939
The requirementsThe requirements
““An An Advanced Surface Movement Guidance Advanced Surface Movement Guidance and Control Systemand Control System (A-SMGCS) is (A-SMGCS) is expected to provide adequate expected to provide adequate capacitycapacity and and safetysafety in relation to the specific in relation to the specific weather conditionsweather conditions, , traffic densitytraffic density and and aerodrome layoutaerodrome layout by use of by use of modern modern technologiestechnologies and a and a high level of high level of integrationintegration between the various between the various functionalityfunctionality.”.”11
1: ICAO – A-SMGCS MANUAL –Doc 9830 2004, 1st 1: ICAO – A-SMGCS MANUAL –Doc 9830 2004, 1st Ed.Ed.
Politecnico di MilanoPolitecnico di Milano19-20 Gennaio 200619-20 Gennaio 2006 4040
GroundGround
ControllerController
AircraftAircraft
VehiclesVehiclesObstaclesObstacles
SurveillanceSurveillance ControlControlRouting/Routing/
PlanningPlanningGuidanceGuidance
A-SMGCSA-SMGCS
ATC SystemsATC Systems Airport SystemsAirport Systems Airline SystemsAirline SystemsExternal SystemsExternal Systems
The A-SMGCS EnvironmentThe A-SMGCS Environment
Politecnico di MilanoPolitecnico di Milano19-20 Gennaio 200619-20 Gennaio 2006 4141
Demonstrator’s Functional Architecture
Controller HMI
Controller
Planning/routing
Monitoring/Control
Surveillance
Other planning
Traffic Objects Pilot HMI
Guidance
Flight plans
Sensors
Guidance means
Pilot
AIRPORT-G
ARAMIS
MANTEA
MANTEA
DAFUSA
MANTEA
DAFUSA
AIRPORT-G
ATHOS
DA VINCI
Politecnico di MilanoPolitecnico di Milano19-20 Gennaio 200619-20 Gennaio 2006 4242
Surveillance
An adequate set of Sensors
provides the controller with a complete knowledge of all movements including identification of any object
Politecnico di MilanoPolitecnico di Milano19-20 Gennaio 200619-20 Gennaio 2006 4343
Surveillance DisplaySurveillance Display
Controller Controller Working Working PositionPosition
Politecnico di MilanoPolitecnico di Milano19-20 Gennaio 200619-20 Gennaio 2006 4444
Control
Provides the controller with an alert in events like
• crossing runways
• restricted areas incursion
• separation criteria infringement
Politecnico di MilanoPolitecnico di Milano19-20 Gennaio 200619-20 Gennaio 2006 4545
Control
Runway Runway Incursion Incursion
AlertAlert
Politecnico di MilanoPolitecnico di Milano19-20 Gennaio 200619-20 Gennaio 2006 4646
On-board guidance tested through:
•Guidance aid response time
•clearance from CWP displayed at the onboard HMI
•taxi route given by CWP displayed at the onboard HMI
External guidance tested through:
•External panels
Guidance
Politecnico di MilanoPolitecnico di Milano19-20 Gennaio 200619-20 Gennaio 2006 4747
On-board GuidanceOn-board Guidance
External GuidanceExternal Guidance
Politecnico di MilanoPolitecnico di Milano19-20 Gennaio 200619-20 Gennaio 2006 4848
• Electronic Flight Strips
• Routing
• Co-ordination Arrival / Ground
Movement / Departure
Planning
Politecnico di MilanoPolitecnico di Milano19-20 Gennaio 200619-20 Gennaio 2006 4949
The A-SMGCS Concept has been The A-SMGCS Concept has been proven and tested within theproven and tested within the
•DEFAMM project in the 4th FPDEFAMM project in the 4th FP
1995-19981995-1998
•BETA project in the 5th FPBETA project in the 5th FP
1999-20021999-2002
•EMMA 1 & 2 project in the 6th FPEMMA 1 & 2 project in the 6th FP
2003-20062003-2006
Politecnico di MilanoPolitecnico di Milano19-20 Gennaio 200619-20 Gennaio 2006 5050
DEFAMM ProjectDEFAMM Project
Demonstrated the validity of the A-SMGCS Demonstrated the validity of the A-SMGCS Concept testing various equipment at the Concept testing various equipment at the airports ofairports of
•Köln/ BonnKöln/ Bonn
•Orly ParisOrly Paris
•BraunschweigBraunschweig
•BergamoBergamo
Politecnico di MilanoPolitecnico di Milano19-20 Gennaio 200619-20 Gennaio 2006 5151
BETA ProjectBETA Project
in the 5th Framework Programmein the 5th Framework Programme
Tested three configurations at the airports Tested three configurations at the airports ofof
•PraguePrague
•HamburgHamburg
•BraunschweigBraunschweig
Politecnico di MilanoPolitecnico di Milano19-20 Gennaio 200619-20 Gennaio 2006 5252
EMMA 1 ProjectEMMA 1 Project
Assess the Surveillance and Control Functions Assess the Surveillance and Control Functions Requirements testing at three European Requirements testing at three European airportsairports
• Prague RuzinePrague Ruzine
• Milan MalpensaMilan Malpensa
• Toulouse BlagnacToulouse Blagnac
Politecnico di MilanoPolitecnico di Milano19-20 Gennaio 200619-20 Gennaio 2006 5353
EMMA 2 ProjectEMMA 2 Project
Assess and Test Guidance and Planning Assess and Test Guidance and Planning Functions Requirements, using equipped Functions Requirements, using equipped scheduled flight aircraft scheduled flight aircraft
• Prague RuzinePrague Ruzine
• Milan MalpensaMilan Malpensa
• Toulouse BlagnacToulouse Blagnac
5454
ContentsContents
• The Air Transport SystemThe Air Transport System
• Aviation Policy GuidelinesAviation Policy Guidelines
• The Single European Sky & EASAThe Single European Sky & EASA
• Airport R&D Activities at DG-TRENAirport R&D Activities at DG-TREN
• VideoVideo
• From Research to PolicyFrom Research to Policy
• The Way ForwardThe Way Forward
5555
ContentsContents
• The Air Transport SystemThe Air Transport System
• Aviation Policy GuidelinesAviation Policy Guidelines
• The Single European Sky & EASAThe Single European Sky & EASA
• Airport R&D Activities at DG-TRENAirport R&D Activities at DG-TREN
• VideoVideo
• From Research to PolicyFrom Research to Policy
• The Way ForwardThe Way Forward
Politecnico di MilanoPolitecnico di Milano19-20 Gennaio 200619-20 Gennaio 2006 5656
How these technical achievements How these technical achievements can support Policy?can support Policy?
Politecnico di MilanoPolitecnico di Milano19-20 Gennaio 200619-20 Gennaio 2006 5757
Final assessment of ICAO A-SMGCS European Manual Final assessment of ICAO A-SMGCS European Manual
Common baseline for Airport Authorities on airport Common baseline for Airport Authorities on airport systems to ensure safe and efficient operationssystems to ensure safe and efficient operations
A yardstick, to assess actual capacity at an airport A yardstick, to assess actual capacity at an airport and the level of safetyand the level of safety
Research support to PolicyResearch support to Policy
Politecnico di MilanoPolitecnico di Milano19-20 Gennaio 200619-20 Gennaio 2006 5858
Further more...Further more...
Assessment of actual capacity, makes it possible to Assessment of actual capacity, makes it possible to evaluate future expansions and their impact on the evaluate future expansions and their impact on the environment environment
Allocation of responsibilities, permit to assess causes Allocation of responsibilities, permit to assess causes of an accident or of delaysof an accident or of delays
More realistic slot allocation can be implementedMore realistic slot allocation can be implemented
Ultimately a better Ultimately a better Quality of ServiceQuality of Service can be offered to passengerscan be offered to passengers
Politecnico di MilanoPolitecnico di Milano19-20 Gennaio 200619-20 Gennaio 2006 5959
September 2003September 2003
at the ICAO Air Navigation Conferenceat the ICAO Air Navigation Conference
Research support to PolicyResearch support to Policy
October 2004
At the ICAO General Assembly
December 2005
At ICAO EANPG
6060
ContentsContents
• The Air Transport SystemThe Air Transport System
• Aviation Policy GuidelinesAviation Policy Guidelines
• The Single European Sky & EASAThe Single European Sky & EASA
• Airport R&D Activities at DG-TREN Airport R&D Activities at DG-TREN
• VideoVideo
• From Research to PolicyFrom Research to Policy
• The Way Forward The Way Forward
Politecnico di MilanoPolitecnico di Milano19-20 Gennaio 200619-20 Gennaio 2006 6161
The Way forwardThe Way forward
A sound knowledge of the mechanisms forms the A sound knowledge of the mechanisms forms the basis for a good regulationbasis for a good regulation
The support by Member States is necessary to The support by Member States is necessary to implement common rules and operationsimplement common rules and operations
The recognition by ICAO gives the platform for a The recognition by ICAO gives the platform for a worldwide implementationworldwide implementation
So...So...
Politecnico di MilanoPolitecnico di Milano19-20 Gennaio 200619-20 Gennaio 2006 6262
European Commission Regulations onEuropean Commission Regulations on
These results are a sound basis for These results are a sound basis for
Airport CapacityAirport Capacity
EASA ExtensionEASA Extension
Slot AllocationSlot Allocation
Politecnico di MilanoPolitecnico di Milano19-20 Gennaio 200619-20 Gennaio 2006 6363
http://publications.eu.int/index_en.htmlhttp://publications.eu.int/index_en.html
http://publications.eu.int/cordis/bfb81f0a-983a-a7a5-a1f883c55a62bb53_en.html
http://europa.eu.int/comm/transport/air/single_sky/financial/http://europa.eu.int/comm/transport/air/single_sky/financial/research_en.htmresearch_en.htm
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Tel. 0032-2-2958149
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