Plumbing Note 1

7/25/2019 Plumbing Note 1

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CHAPTER 1: ELEMENTS OF PLUMBING

PLUMBING

Plumbing the art and technique of installing pipes, fixtures, and other apparatuses in buildings for bringingin the supply of liquids, substances and/or ingredients and removing them; and such water, liquid andother carried-wastes hazardous to health, sanitation, life and property pipes and fixtures after installationi.e., the plumbing system!. "#ection $%&.' (he )evised *ational Plumbing +ode of the Philippines %

PLUMBING SYSTEM

Plumbing #ystem includes all potable water supply and distribution pipes, allplumbing fixtures and traps; all sanitary and storm drainage systems; vent pipes, roofdrains, leaders and downspouts; and all building drains and sewers, including their

respective oints and connections; devices, receptacles, and appurtenances within theproperty; water lines in the premises; potable, tap, hot and chilled water piping; potablewater treating or using equipment; fuel gas piping; water heaters and vents for same."#ection $%&.%$ *P+ %

Plumbing system, reduced to its simplest terms, consists of a supply pipeleading to a fixture and a drainpipe ta0ing the used water away from this fixture.

(he system constitutes the following1

1. The water supply and water distribution system. +arries water from the water

source, street main or a pump to the building and to various points in the buildingat which water is used.2. The plumbing fixtures.(he receptacles that receive the supplied water and allow

the occupants of the building to use the water.3. The drainage system.(he piping networ0 within the building which conveys from

the plumbing fixtures all wastes and fecal matter "sanitary drainage as well asrainwater "storm drainage to a point of disposal or a treatment facility.

THE PLUMBER

(he plumber is the one who wor0s or engages in the business of installing inbuildings the pipes fixtures and other apparatus for bringing in the water supply andremoving liquid and waterborne wastes.

(here are three categories of plumbers based upon their graces of experiences. (heyare1

%. pprentice plumber- a beginner at the trade who usually serves for 2 to 3 yearsas helper to a ourneyman.


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$. 4ourneyman plumber- has served his apprenticeship and is competent to performthe tas0s of installing and repairing plumbing.

3. 5aster plumber- a person technically and legally qualified and licensed topractice the profession of master plumbing without limitations in accordance with)epublic ct %2&6, having passed the examinations conducted by the

Professional )egulation +ommission "P)+, has received a certificate ofregistration from the board of master plumbing and possesses the current licenseto practice. "#ection $%7.3 *P+ $88

THE PLUMBING CODE

(he improper installation of plumbing may affect the health of the occupants of abuilding and create a center point for the spread of disease. (he possibility is ofsufficient public interests to require the regulation of plumbing by law. (he right of thegovernment to regulate the details of plumbing is based on the principle of theprotection of public health.

(he basic goal of the *ational Plumbing +ode of the Philippines is to ensure thequalified observance of the latest provision of the plumbing and environmental laws.

THE BASIC PRINCIPLES GOVERNING THE NATIONAL PLUMBING CODE

1. llpremises intene !"r #$m%n $se "r #%&it%ti"n s#%'' &e pr"(ie )it# %

s$pp'* "! p$re %n )#"'es"me )%ter, neither connected to unsafe water supply norsubect to bac0flow or bac0- siphonage.

2. P'$m&in+ !i,t$res- e(i.es %n %pp$rten%n.es s#%'' &e s$pp'ie )it# )%ter

in s$!!i.ient ("'$me %n press$re adequate to function satisfactorily and without unduenoise.

3. Plumbing shall be designed and adusted to$se t#e minim$m /$%ntit* "!)%ter consistent with proper performance and cleaning.

4. 9evices for heating and storing water shall be so designed and installed as to

pre(ent %n+ers !r"m e,p'"si"n t#r"$+# "(er#e%tin+0

5. E(er* &$i'in+ %&$ttin+ "n % street, alley or easement)it# % p$&'i. se)er

shall."nne.t its p'$m&in+ !i,t$res t" t#e se)er s*stem0

6. E%.# !%mi'* )e''in+ $nit shall have %t 'e%st "ne )%ter .'"set,"ne it.#en

t*pe sin- % '%(%t"r* and% &%t#t$& "r s#")er to meet the basic requirements ofsanitation and personal hygiene.

7. Plumbing!i,t$res shall be made ofsm""t# n"n2%&s"r&ent m%teri%'- !ree !r"m

."n.e%'e !"$'in+ s$r!%.es and shall be'".%te in (enti'%te en.'"s$res0

8. (her%in%+e s*stem shall be designed, constructed and maintained to

s%!e+$%r %+%inst !"$'in+- ep"sit "! s"'is- .'"++in+ %n )it# %e/$%te .'e%n"$tsso arranged that the pipes may be readily cleaned.

9. ll pipin+ shall be of$r%&'e NAMPAP2%ppr"(e m%teri%'s- !ree !r"m

e!e.ti(e )"rm%ns#ip- esi+ne %n ."nstr$.te &* Re+istere M%ster P'$m&ersto ensure satisfactory service.

10. :ach!i,t$re ire.t'* ."nne.te t" t#e r%in%+e s*stem shall bee/$ippe

)it# % )%ter2se%'e tr%p0


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11. (her%in%+e pipes pipin+ s*stem shall be designed topr"(ie %e/$%te

.ir.$'%ti"n "! %ir !ree !r"m sip#"n%+e- %spir%ti"n "r !"r.in+ "! tr%p se%'s underordinary use.

12. Vent termin%'s shalle,ten t" t#e "$ter %ir and installed topre(ent .'"++in+

%n t#e ret$rn "! !"$' %ir to the building.

13. Plumbing systems shall be subected to suchtests t" e!!e.ti(e'* is.'"se %''

'e%s %n e!e.ts in t#e )"rm%ns#ip.14. S$&st%n.e )#i.# )i'' .'"+ t#e pipes- pr"$.e e,p'"si(e mi,t$res- estr"*

t#e pipes "r t#eir 3"ints "r inter!ere $n$'* )it# t#e se)%+e2isp"s%' pr".ess shalln"tbe allowed to enter the building drainage system.

15. Proper protection shall be provided topre(ent ."nt%min%ti"n of food, water,

sterile goods and similar materials&* &%.!'") "! se)%+e. hen necessary, the fixture,device or appliance shall be connected indirectly with the building drainage system.

16. *o water closet shall be located in a room or compartment which is notpr"per'*

'i+#te %n (enti'%te0

17. uilding +ode for the +ity of 5anila.

efore 5artial Aaw in %&$,Rep$&'i. A.t N"0 ?9 was passed with the B*ational Plumbing +ode of%3C as referral code in full text.


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(hePr"!essi"n%' Re+$'%ti"n C"mmissi"n PRC; adopted theRe(iseP'$m&in+ C"e "! 1444 which President 4oseph :strada approvedDe.em&er 61- 1444pursuant toSe.ti"n < "! R0A0 18@ 0nown as theP'$m&in+ L%)0


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TYPICAL PLUMBING SYSTEM OF ATOILET AND BATH


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CHAPTER 6: PROPERTIES OF ATER

GENERAL

ater plays an important part in the plumbing system.


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water purification. hen water evaporates, only water molecules leave the surfaces;salts and other solids in solution remain behind. (he condensed water is thus purifiedwater- except in so far as it pic0s up pollutants in the air. (hus evaporation andcondensation of water vapor are the source of all natural fresh water on earth.

Fresh water from precipitation falling on the ground gradually ma0e its waythrough streams, rivers and la0es to oceans or seas as a result. s precipitation hits theground, it may follow either of two alternative pathways, which are

molecule of D$? can absorb a maximum capacity of %$ grains.

")elative Dumidity

)DG "7/%$ x %88G 22H)DG "%8/%$ x %88G 62.22H


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%8.P"''$te %ter2 water that contains one or more impurities that ma0e thewater unsuitable for a desired use.%%.Gr%* %ter2 water drained from lavatories, sin0, laundry trays and showers;contains minor pollutants.%$.B'%. %ter2 water drained from water closets and urinals; carries body

wastes and contains maor pollutants.%2.St"rm %ter2 rainwater drained from roof gutters and downspouts.

ATER UALITY PROBLEMS AND THEIR CORRECTION

PROBLEM CAUSE EFFECT CORRECTION

10 A.iit* +ontains carbondioxide. +istern andpond waterscontaining decaying

vegetation are li0elyto be acidic

+orrosion of non-ferrous pipes,rusting and cloggingof steel pipes.

Passing the waterthrough a bed ofcrushed marble orlimestone to

achieve al0alinity, oradding sodiumsilicate.

60 H%rness Presence of5agnesium and+alcium

+logging of pipes.


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7. eration3. 9istillation'. 9isinfection/ +hlorination

(he natural water includes all of these purification methods except disinfection.

#itting in la0es, ponds, or the oceans, water is subect to settling "sedimentation. sit percolates through soil or porous roc0s, it is filtered "filtration. #oil and humus arealso good chemical adsorbents "coagulation/ flocculation. s water flows downstreams and rivers, detritus is removed by biological oxidation "aeration. s waterevaporates and condenses, it is distilled "distillation.

(hus, numerous freshwater sources might be safe to drin0 were it no for humanpollution. (he most serious threat to human health is contamination with disease-causing organisms and parasites, which come from the excrements of humans andtheir domestic animals.


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)unoff or surface water is first stored in dam. From this, water goes through aseries of treatment processes.

T#e B$#is%n D%m Tis% Fi'tr%ti"n;

>uhisan 9am is +ebu!s first and only dam 5+9!s only surface water source.


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2. Coagulation- Flocculation- (his is the process by which small sediment particleswhich do not settle well combine together to form larger particles which can beremoved by sedimentation. (his process includes physical and chemicalprocess1

a. +oagulation- is the chemical process in which the coagulant reacts withthe sediment to ma0e it capable of combining into larger particles. (his iscalled destabilization.

b. Flocculation- is the physical process in which the sediment particlescollide with each other and stic0 together.

3. edimentation- (his is the process by which suspended solids are removed fromthe water by gravity settling and deposition. (his process usually followscoagulation-flocculation. (he obective of this process is to remove most of thesuspended solids, reducing the loads on the filters.

4. Filtration- (his is the passage of fluid through a porous medium suspendedmatter which did not settle by gravity.


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SURFACE ATER SUPPLY AND TREATMENT SYSTEM

ater is ta0en from the water shed reservoir and piped to the treatment plant. tthe plant, "% water is aeratedto release trapped gases and to absorb oxygen for bettertaste, "$Alum$tawas (aluminum sulfate) is added to coagulate organic particles, and "2the water is put into a settlingbasin for several hours to allow coagulated particles tosettle.


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CHAPTER 8: PLUMBING FITURES

FIXTURES2 receptacles attached to a plumbing system other than a trap in which wateror waste may be collected or retained for ultimate discharge into the plumbing system.

COMMON TYPES OF PLUMBING FITURES USED IN RESIDENCES

%. ater closet 7. =rinal$. Aavatory 3. >idet2. Jitchen sin0 '. >ath tub

WATER CLOSET2 plumbing fixture used to receive human excremental and todischarge it through a waste pipe, using water as a conveying medium. ater closetsare classified according to design% ma*e% flushing mechanism% shape and installation.

. (KP:# ?F (:) +A?#:( # (? 9:#


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7. ):L:)#: ()P N the trap way located at the rear ofthe water closet eliminated the buldge at the front. (hedesign and appearance of the bowl plus its large waterarea and quietness in operation, ma0e it desirable thansiphon wash down.

>. (KP:# ?F (:) +A?#:( # (? 5J:

%. ?ne-piece 2. Pail Flush$. +lose +oupled 7. #quat bowl

1. ?*:-P


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4. #O=( >?A (:)- water closet that is otherwise 0nown as B:asterntypeC since the user assumes a squatting position rather than a sitting position.

+. (KP:# ?F (:) +A?#:( # (? FA=#


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$. :longated Front

%. )?=*9 F)?*(- intended for installation on a limited space.

$. :A?*E:(:9 F)?*(- is more comfortable but occupies a larger space.

:. (KP:# ?F (:) +A?#:( # (?


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5


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i. ater closet, Flush tan0 %$ mm "%/$ B 2 "Private

3 "Public

ii. ater closet, Flush Lalve $3mm "%C ' "Private

%8 "Public

454,4 8 0F 75T

i. (he minimum size of vent for water closet is 3%mm:.

75TAT05 0F T ;idet minimum trap diameter is 26mm and its 9F= value is $.- #ize of water supply is %$mm and #F= is $ "private or 7 "public

BATH TUB2 a tube for bathing, usually a fixed plumbing installation designed for oneperson.


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1. 9all hung ,rinal

2. 6edestal ,rinal

3. tall ,rinal


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!. Trough ,rinal

454,4 CAA5C F0 ,5A


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5


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#ize of water supply is %$mm and the #F= value "each head is $ "privateuse or 7 "public use.

5inimum size of vent is 26mm .

FA??) 9)>

#ize of water supply is %$mm and the #F= value is 2 "private use or 3"public use

ITCHEN SIN2 a plumbing fixtures usually consisting of a basin with a water supply,connected with a drain.

T/6 0F ?TC>5 5?

a. #ingle >owl- #ingle 9rain

b. 9ouble >owl- #ingle 9rain

c. 9ouble >owl- 9ouble 9rain


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d. (riple >owl

e. +orner #in0

OTHER PLUMBING FITURES

#A?P #


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6,4ibb

%2 (otal numbers of fixtures and fittings that comprise a plumbingunit

*?(:# ?* #D?:) ):+:P(?) "*P+ %

%. :ach shower receptor shall be constructed to have a finished dam, curb orthreshold of at least $3.7 mm lower that the outside floor.

$. (he dam or threshold shall not be less than 3%mm nor more than $$6mm indepth, when measured from the top of the dam or threshold to the top of thedrain.

PLUMBING ACCESSORIES


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%. #oap holder

$. Paper holder2. (oothbrush and tumbler holder

7. (owel holder/ tower bar

3. #eat +over

TYPICAL FITURE LAYOUT FOR TOILET AND BATH minim$m imensi"ns;


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TOILET FITURE CLEARANCES FOR DISABLED PERSONS per BP 8


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GRABRAIL HEIGHTS AT URINALS

MOUNTING DIMENSIONS FOR TOILET BATHROOM ACCESSORIES


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MOUNTING DIMENSIONS OF ACCESSORIES AND FITTINGS AT SHOERAREA


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MOUNTING DIMENSIONS OF ACCESSORIES AND FITTINGSAT BATH TUB SHOER


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CHAPTER


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- ithin %.3 m "3! inside the property line before the house sewerconnection

- t every %3m "38! to a horizontal run of a soil or waste pipe

e. ll horizontal piping shall be run in practical alignment and at a uniform grade of

not less than $H or $ cm per meter toward the point of disposal.

f. ll horizontal piping shall be supported and anchored at intervals not to exceed 2meters.

g. Lertical piping shall be secured at sufficiently close intervals to 0eep the pipe inalignment. #tac0s shall be properly supported at their bases.


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DEFINITION FROM NPC 1444 EDITION

>0, $


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>0, $


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MATERIALS USED FOR THE PLUMBING DRAINAGE SYSTEM APPROVED BYTHE 1444 NATIONAL PLUMBING CODE0

CTA #A5A= 665=

%. +ast iron$. 9uctile iron3. Ealvanized steel "shall not be used underground. ?ept at least 1"2mm abo&e

ground)4. Ealvanized wrought iron (shall not be used underground. ?ept at least 1"2mm

abo&e ground)3. Aead'. +opper&. >rass6. #eries %888, pvc, dmv9. :xtra strength vitrified clay pipe (shall not be used abo&e ground. At least

3BBmm below finish ground le&el.)%8.pproved material having smooth and uniform bore

*?(:1 ># and PL+ 9L can be used in high rise buildings at the discretion of the)5P and with the full consent of the owner.

#A5A= FTT5=

%. +ast rass3. +opper'. >#&. PL+6. Litrified clay

75T 66

%. +ast iron$. 9uctile cast iron2. Ealvanized steel7. Ealvanized wrought iron3. Aead'. +opper&. >rass6. #chedule 78, >#, 9L. #eries %888, PL+, 9L

75T TAC?


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%. +opper$. +ast iron2. Ealvanized wrought iron7. PL+

75T FTT5=

%. +ast #, 95L6. #eries %888, PL+, 9L

#09560,T (4#,4 >=>T


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%. +ast iron$. +opper2. ?ther corrosion resistant materials

TA6 (C. 1BB3 56C 1)

%. >#$. +ast brass2. +ast iron7. Aead3. PL+

Figure $- (he function of the trap and one of the several functions of a vent preventingsiphonage.


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LOSS OF TRAP SEAL- (his failure can be attributed directly to inadequate ventilationof the trap and the subsequent minus and plus pressures which occur in the pipingsystem. #ee figure 2.

Five "3 +ause of (rap #eal Aoss

1. Sip#"n%+e2 (he withdrawal of a liquid from a trap due to a suction caused by liquid flow

in a pipe.a. 9irect #elf- siphonage

b.


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2. B%. Press$re2 pressure developed in opposition to the flow of liquid in a pipe due to

friction, gravity or some other restriction to flow of the conveyed fluid. :xcessive pressureat the lowest branch causing trap seal to loo0 for opening.

3. E(%p"r%ti"n2 ?ccurs when a fixture is not used for a long time. 9eep seal is the best

solution but clogs the pipe due to accumulated solid wastes.

4. C%pi''%r* Attr%.ti"n2 foreign obects in the traps absorbing trap seal

5. in E!!e.ts2 strong winds through the vent system forcing water out of the trap

SUPPORTS- are devices for holding and securing pipes and fixtures to walls, ceiling,floors or structural members. #upports include hangers, anchors% brac0ets, and cradles.

5#CT 9AT 665= (ection 1B 56C 1)


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(he drains of the following equipments shall not be directly connected to any soil,waste and vent pipes.

%. :vaporative cooler$. ir asher

2. ir +onditioner7. +old #torage )oom3. )efrigerator'. +ooling +ounter&. Food and 9rin0s #torage6. +ulinary/ 9ishwashing #in0 for food preparation )oom

+ooling and air conditioning equipments may be separated by an Qairbrea0.

Food equipments shall be separated from the drainage system by a full Qairgap.

Qirbrea0- a physical separation, which may be a low inlet into the indirect wastereceptor from the fixture, appliance or device indirectly connected, at least $3mm.

Qirgap, drainage.- the unobstructed vertical distance through the free atmospherebetween the lowest opening from any pipe, plumbing fixture, appliance or appurtenanceconveying waste to the flood level rim of the receptor.


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DRAINAGE- ASTE AND VENT DV; PIPING SYSTEM

(he drainage system is composed of groups of pipes and fittings that convey waste

from the building to the proper means of disposal system.

1. B$i'in+ Se)er- (hat part of the horizontal piping of a drainage system whichsystem which extends from the end of the building and which receives thedischarge of the building drain and conveys it to the public sewer, private sewer,individual sewage disposal system or other point of disposal.

2. B$i'in+ r%in- the part of the lowest horizontal piping of a plumbing systemwhich receives the discharge from soil, waste and other drainage pipes inside ofa building and conveys it to the house sewer.

3. Se)%+e Disp"s%' S*stem. system for the treatment and disposal of domesticsewage by means of a septic tan0, cesspool, or mechanical treatment, all

designed to serve a single establishment, development or building.(he drainage piping system contains fittings that serve as drains% traps and &ents.

#rains-fittings used for draining fluid from point of use to the piping system.

Traps-fittings or device designed and constructed to provide a liquid seal which preventthe bac0 passage of air without materially affecting the flow of sewage or water throughit.7ents-pipes and fittings installed in the system to provide air circulation so as to protecttrap seals from siphonage and bac0 pressure.


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TYPES OF TRAP COMMONLY USED IN RESIDENTIAL FITURES

1. P- (rapused at lavatories, sin0s, floor drain and scuppers.2. 9rum (rapused at bathtubs and bidets2. Douse (rap7. ?ther ppliances

a. >ac0 flow valveb. Flow control valvec. Erease trap/ grease interceptor


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Dr$m Tr%p2 cylindrical trapcommonly used on the drain pipefrom a bathtub or under thebathroom floor.


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SIESS AND CAPACITIES OF GREASE TRAPS

#


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*ote1 5inimum height of 6mm required from cover of grease trap to bottom of fixturesserved.

#ource1 5etma (rading and


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E):#: ()P/ E):#:


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D:):1

+G size of grease interceptors "liquid capacity

5G *umber of meals served at pea0 hour

)G aste flow rate;

ith dishwashing machine ' gallon flow "per meal/ day

ithout dishwashing machine 3 gallon flow "per meal/ day

#ingle service 0itchen $ gallon flow "per meal/ day

Food waste disposer % gallon flow "per meal/ day

Dospital 0itchen $3 gallon / bed / day

FG #torage Factors

Fully equipped commercial 0itchen6 hour operation1 %%6 hour operation1 $$7 hour operation1 2

#ingle service 0itchen1 %.3

A46 60


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here1

+G Aiquid capacityJG Facility access coefficient

G %.$3 for freeways G %.88 for recreation areas G 8.68 for main highways G 8.3 for lesser roads*G number of seats "use fractional value if occupancy is rarely fullDG *umber of hours per day of operationEG aste flow rate "general value is 7.3 Eals#G #ewage capacity factor G %.& for outflow to public sewer G $.3 for outflow to opposite disposal

For grease traps that serve scheduled meals to a specific number of occupants

as in hospitals , nursing homes and schools;

+G 8.%7 "5 x E x #

here;

5G number of scheduled meals served per day; %, $ or 2

TYPES OF VENTS

%. 5ain soil and waste vent

$. 5ain vent2.


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5ain soil and waste vent. (he portion ofsoil stac0 pipe above the highest installedfixture branch extending through the roof.


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(he vent stac0 isinstalled betweenthe $ndand 2rdfixtureas a precaution.


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)elief Lent. (he portion of the vent pipe installation that permits additional circulation of airaround the drainage pipes to eliminate bac0 pressure and retardation of waste flow.

Plumbing Note 1

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